Objective To study the feature extraction methods for the event related potential (ERP) evoked by mental arithmetical tasks through the sample entropy, in order to enhance the features of electroencephalograph (EEG) signals for brain computer interface (BCI).Methods Three types of mental arithmetic tasks including a simple counting, a random number and a stroke of Chinese character counting were proposed and 16 channel EEG signals were recorded from eight healthy subjects.The sample entropy method was then applied in characteristic signal complexity analysis.The characteristic and difference of signal complexity of ERP evoked by three types of mental arithmetical tasks were explored.Results The entropy value for EEG signal evoked by non-target stimulus was higher than that by the target stimulus with the significant difference (P＜0.01).The entropy of the mental arithmetic based on the Chinese characters counting task was significandy higher than that of the other two tasks (P＜0.05).EEG signals evoked by target/non-target were fundamentally signals under the state of attention or non-attention.Conclusions For the Chinese characters counting task, more complex information have been processed by the brain and the non-linear connection between nerve cells are much more complicated and a higher entropy value is achieved.In summary, the mental arithmetic task can effectively activate the relevant brain regions and the sample entropy can distinguish signals evoked by target or non-target stimuli.

Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Research Design

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Refuse Disposal

Adult ; Blast Injuries ; etiology ; therapy ; Burns ; etiology ; therapy ; Explosions ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

Objective To detect the effects and mechanisms of CD147 in thyroid cancer cell SW579. Methods RT-PCR and Western-blot were used to determine the levels of CD147 mRNA and protein in SW579 cells after treated with CD147 specific small interference RNA (siRNA). The proliferative ratio of SW579 cells after treated with CD147 siRNA was detected by CCK-8 assay. We detected the changes of cellular mobility after treated with CD147 siRNA by transwell assay. Mobility related proteins were analyzed by western-blot. Results The proliferative ratio and the mobility of SW579 cells were inhibited significantly by down-regulation of CD147. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were lower in treated cells than untreated ones. Expression of Wave 2 and a mobility related protein were decreased in accompany with down-regulation of CD147. Conclusion Down-regulation of CD147 inhibits mobility of SW579 by suppressing MMP-2, MMP-9 and WAVE 2.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of edaravone against ischemiareperfusion injury in small-for-size rat liver grafts and its possible mechanisms. Methods 40 % small-for-size rat liver transplantation model was established by using modified two-cuff technique, adult male SD rats were used as donors and recipients, and 16 recipient rats were randomly divided into two groups (8 cases in each group), saline control group (control group) and edaravone treatment group (ED group). In the ED group, 3 mg/kg edaravone was given intravenously via penile vein 30 min before transplantation in the recipients. The same amount of saline was given in the control group at the same time points. Serum hepatic function (AST and ALT) and histopathological changes were analyzed; the contents of MDA and SOD, and hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in liver grafts after 6 h were determined; and TNF-α levels at 6th h after reperfusion were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA method). Results As compared with control group,serum AST and ALT levels were significantly reduced at the 6th h after reperfusion in ED group (AST: 825. 50 5±72. 87 vs 1188. 03 ± 124. 04; ALT. 687. 40 5±72. 21 vs 988. 66 ± 91.07, P<0. 01 ).The content of MDA was lower and SOD level was higher in ED group significantly than in control group (P<0. 01). As compared with control group, hepatic TNF-α levels and MPO activity at the 6th h after reperfusion were significantly decreased in ED group (P<0. 01 ). Histopathological analysis revealed disruption of lobular architecture, apparent hepatocelluar degeneration accompanied by focal necrosis, significant edema, congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration in periportal area at the 6th h after reperfusion in control group, but minimal liver damage was observed in ED group. Conclusion Edaravone could ameliorate early ischemia-reperfusion injury in small-for-size liver grafts significantly.The protective mechanisms were mediated in part by increasing antioxidant ability, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and down-regulating inflammatory reaction.

Objective To analyze the evolutionary characteristics and predict the variation trend of neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A/H1N1 (09pdm) virus in China from 2009 to 2016 in order to provide the basis of assessment for flu vaccines.Methods A total of 1 141 sequences of NA gene of influenza A/H1N1 (09pdm) virus were screened out from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data and National Center for Biotechnology Information.The phylogenetic trees and the mutations of amino acids sequences were constructed and analyzed by biological softwares.The prediction for epidemic trend of influenza was analyzed by Bayesian skyline Plot.Results Compared with the sequence of reference strain,the homology of nucleic acid sequence of NA gene decreased year by year from 2009 to 2016.The phylogenetic analysis showed that NA gene clustered nearly on the identical phylogenetic tree in one year.The positive selection pressure site of NA strain was observed by different models in each year except 2012.The dynamics analysis showed that the popularity of influenza A/H1N1 virus may continue to increase to a peak in 2017.Conclusion The amino acid encoded by NA gene of influenza A/H1N1 virus is varying gradually,so the importance of surveillance for influenza virus should be reinforced for every year.

Objective To study the expression of active efflux pump AdeABC,AdeIJK,AdeFGH,AbeM,AbeS,CraA,MdtL in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and whether the efflux pumps confers resistance to antibiotics.Methods Thirty-two multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii islates and 10 sensitive isolates were collected.Genes of the exporter protein were amplified by PCR.The expression of adeB,adeJ,adeG,abeM,abeS,craA,mdtL were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.The controlling genes adeRS and adeL were amplified by PCR and sequenced.Results The positivity rates of adeB,adeJ,adeG,abeM,abeS,craA,mdtL were 100％,100％,100％,96.88％,100％,100％ and 93.75％ respectively in 32 multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates,and all 100％ in 10 sensitive isolates.The difference of expression of adeB,abeM and mdtL were significant( P＜0.001,P =0.001,P=0.013) between 21 multi-drug resistant isolates of C clone and 10 sensitive isolates.The mutations of adeRS existed in 2 multi-drug resistant isolates,no point mutation of adeL.Conclusion The expression of AdeABC,AbeM and MdtL may involved in the resistant mechanisms of the clinical Acinetobacter baumannii islates.

Objective To study the effects of X-ray radiation on CC-chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Methods Humanadenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 were cultured and irradiated by X-ray at the absorbed doses of 2,4,6,and 8 Gy respectively by linear accelerator (with the source skin distance of 100 cm and dose rate of 442.89 cGy/min).The relative levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein expression in the A549 cells were respectively detected by real time-PCR and Western blotting 4,12,24,48,and 72 h after radiation.Untreated A549 cells were used as control group.Results The expression levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein in the A549 cells began to increase since 4 h after radiation and then decreased gradually after they reached the peak.The CCR7 mRNA expression levels 72 h after radiation of the 6 and 8 Gy groups were still significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 6.75-7.26,both P < 0.01),and the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 2 and 6 Gy group were still significantly higher than those of the control group(t=11.13-14.17,both P <0.01).Then the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 4 and 8 Gy groups decreased to the control group level 48 and 72 h after radiation respectively.Conclusions The CCR7 mRNA and protein expression levels in the NSCLC cells increase after X-ray irradiation,which may be correlated with the promotion of proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by X-ray irradiation at a certain dose.

Objective To study the expression of active efflux pump AdeABC in clinical Acineto-bacter baumannii islates and whether this efflux pump confers resistance to antibiotics. Methods The anti-biotic susceptibility and the function of efflux pump inhibitor were tested by micro-dilution broth method. The expression of adeB was examined by RT-PCR. The controlling gene adeRS was amplified by PCR and se-quenced. Results Thirty multidrug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and 5 sensitive isolates for PCR were both abtained the expected products of adeB and adeRS. The mRNA expression of adeB in 15 multidrug resistance(MDR) isolates were positive, but there was no expression of adeB in 5 sensitive iso-lates. The mutations of adeRS existed in 2 MDR isolates. Conclusion The expression of AdeABC may in-volved in the resistant mechanisms of the clinical MDR Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.