Child ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Diagnosis, Differential ; Family Health ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; diagnosis ; genetics ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; Humans

Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Kidney Diseases ; prevention & control ; virology ; Viruses ; pathogenicity

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; diagnosis ; immunology ; therapy ; Child ; Humans

Objective To study the clinical significance of the content of ? 2-microglubin and activity of ?-glucuronidase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cerebral tumor. Methods The activities of ? 2-microglubin and ?-glucuronidase in CSF of patients with cerebral tumor and non- cerebral tumor were analyzed by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Results the activities of ? 2-microglubin and ?-glucuronidase in cerebral malignancy were obviously higher than that of cerebral benign tumor (P

Animals ; Carcinogenicity Tests ; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic ; Humans ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Soot ; toxicity

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation for preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis of cancer in urinary bladder.Methods One hundred and eight patients with urinary bladder cancer were divided into group A and group B.Intravesical instillations after surgical operation were performed in group A (n=52) and combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillations after operation were performed in group B (n=56).The patients were followed up for 1 - 3 years.Results In group A,recurrence occurred in 5 cases (9.62%) within one year,and in 23 cases (44.23%) within 3 years after the operations metastasis developed in 21 cases (40.38%),and 18 cases (34.62%) died.In group B,recurrence occurred in 2 cases (3.57%) within one year,and in 11 cases (19.64%) within 3 years after the operation;metastasis developed in 7 cases (12.50%), and 5 cases (8.93%) died.There were statistical significant differences in recurrence,metastasis and mortality between these two groups (P

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to test the accuracy and precision of iWitness photogrammetry for measuring the facial tissues of mannequin head.

METHODSUnder ideal circumstances, the 3D landmark coordinates were repeatedly obtained from a mannequin head using iWitness photogrammetric system with different parameters, to examine the precision of this system. The differences between the 3D data and their true distance values of mannequin head were computed.

RESULTSOperator error of 3D system in non-zoom and zoom status were 0.20 mm and 0.09 mm, and the difference was significant (P 0.05). Image captured error of 3D system was 0.283 mm, and there was no significant difference compared with the same group of images (P>0.05). Error of 3D systen with recalibration was 0.251 mm, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with image captured error (P>0.05). Good congruence was observed between means derived from the 3D photos and direct anthropometry, with difference ranging from -0.4 mm to +0.4 mm.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides further evidence of the high reliability of iWitness photogrammetry for several craniofacial measurements, including landmarks and inter-landmark distances. The evaluated system can be recommended for the evaluation and documentation of the facial surface.

Objective To analyze the problems of doctor of medicine in China,and to explore the efforts to improvethe training quality of doctor of medicine.Methods The paper selected 5medical colleges which participated the thematic evaluation of doctor of medicinedegreeauthorization centers in 2014,then analyzed the relevant data of doctor of medicine during 2011-2015,such as education condition,enrollment scale,training objective,curriculum setting,scientific research trainingand clinical practice by descriptive study.Results The average of affiliated hospitals is 6.0.The number of medical doctor entrance exam increased by 1.5 times during 2011-2015.The training institutions set up clear training objective of applied talents.A three-stage cultivation mode of course learning,clinical practice and scientific research training is widespread enforcement.However,the subject and basiccondition varies in different schools.The teachers’ professional level is uneven.The quality of candidates needsto be improved.Curriculum design is lack of pertinence.Standardization of clinical practice andscientiFlc training system is not enoughat the same time.Conclusions The suggestions to promote the reform of full-time doctor of medicineare:improving the subject building;increasethe number of students enrollment appropriately;strengthening pertinence of curriculum system;perfecting quality evaluating system;exploring the training mode called “5 + 3 + X”.

Objective To study the neuro-protective effects of magnetotherapy after traumatic brain injury of rats. Methods Traumatic brain injury models were created in 20 rats and divided randomly into magnetotherapy and non-magnetotherapy groups. The rats in magnetotherapy group received magnetotherapy on the cranial surface of traumatized region twice daily, each for 20 min, over 10 d. The intensity of magnetic field was O. 15 T at the surface,and 0.1 T during spinning at 3000 rpm. The contraction strength of gastrocnemius of each rat's left hind limb was measured on the 11 th d after trauma. The rats were then sacrificed and brain tissue samples were taken. The infiltra-tions of CD4 + and CD8 + cells and apnptosis in the area around the injury lesion were observed with immunohisto-chemical methods. The relationship among the indexes was analyzed. Results At the 11th d after brain injury, the quantities of CD4 + and CD8 + cells and apoptotic cells in magnetotherapy group were all obviously less than those in non-magnetotherapy group. Average contraction strength of gastrocnemius in magnetotherapy group was significantly stronger than that in non-magnetotherapy group. Conclusions Magnetotherapy can relieve the secondary effects of brain injury and induce neuro-protection effects. This may involve decreasing the local infiltrations of CD4 + and CD8 + and apoptotic cells in the area around the injury lesion.