Outcome of patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is poor,and even worse among patients with relapsed/refractory ALL (R/R ALL).New treatments must be taken to overcome drugresistance to conventional chemotherapy for ALL.Humanized monoclonal antibody and chimeric antigen receptor gene modified T cells have become the focus of treatment in ALL.Lots of clinical trials in multiple research centers are in progress,and the results constantly upgrade which is effectively bring better curative effect and prognosis for R/R ALL patients.This is one of the hot topics at the 56th ASH annual meeting.

Objective To review the CT appearances and important differential diagnoses of various primary and secondary mesenteric neoplasms.Methods By describing the mesenteric anatiomy and major routes for the dissemination of metastatic mesenteric tumors, the article presents both the common and rare types of various primary and secondary mesenteric neoplasms, and addresses the characteristic CT appearances and important aspects of the differential diagnosis.Results CT study, especially the multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT), along with the clinical history and other related information, can nicely depict various mesenteric tumors and well differentiate them from infectious, inflammatory or vascular processes affecting the mesentery.Conclusion CT is the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of tumors of small bowel mesentery.

In recent years, various network assistant teaching platforms which have flooded into universities have been well received by the majority of teachers and students and educators. Network teach-ing platforms in oral medicine education now, especially the assistant teaching and information management have gradually risen to play a decisive role position. Combined with the characteristics of oral medical un-dergraduate course and the present situation of teaching, a preliminary practical use has been made on the new digital teaching management platform of College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, and the analysis based on its advantages and disadvantages has also been made, in order to make an improvement of oral medicine teaching quality and management efficiency.

Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder,which causes lowing of vision even blindness once invading into cornea.The pathogenesis of pterygium is still incompletely clear.Recently studies showed that the interaction of a lot of factors lead to the proliferation of pterygium,and angiogenesis may play an important role in the formation and progression of pterygium.The therapies of pterygium focus on surgical resection with autologous conjunctival transplantation,amniontransplantation or transplantation of limbal stem cells,but a high recurrence rate of pterygium is worth studying.The angiogenesis of pterygium is a key problem.This article summarized the research outcomes in regulation and treatment about angionesis in pterygium.

Objective:To investigate the effect of porcelain bake cycles on oxide layer form ed on cobalt-chromium alloy surface.Methods:Fixed spot analysis of EPMA methods was adopted to measure the oxygen at o mic percentage inward from the edge of cross-section interface of alloy pieces. The adherent state of oxide layer on the surface of substrate alloy was observed .Results:The oxide layer on the surface of alloy had stable thickness and contain ed more and more oxide as porcelain firing times increased.In some area,oxide la yer fractured from the substrate metal.Conclusion:Cobalt-chromium alloy frame should be abrased and polished thoroughl y after porcelain bake cycles.

Objective To investigate the role of AQP2 and Na +-K +-ATPase in the pathogenesis of kidney injury with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,and try to find the express characteristics of them.Methods A total of 72 healthy rats were randomly (random number) divided into two groups:control group (n =24) and Lipopolysaccharide group (n =48).The Lipopolysaccharide group rats were injected with 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide at the beginning while the control group was 0.9％ sodium chloride.After the model was succeeded,the rats were put to death at 6 h,12 h,24 h,2 days,3 days and 5 days equally.The urine and blood were collected.Blood were used biochemical tests to check.kidney AQP2 protein and mRNA expression level in the organization were applied the immune organized and RT-PCR technique to detect.Applied kit for determining the content and activity of sodium/potassium-atpase.Results The volume of urine in LPS group decrease quickly at 12 h and 24 h,but increased after 2 days.Urea nitrogen and creatinine increased gradually,and peaked at 48 h,after then gradually decline.AQP2 mRNA and protein expression decreased,and minimize at 48 h.The content of Na+-K+-ATP ase has no obvious difference,but the activity significantly decreased at the beginning,then increased gradually,but it was still lower than the control group.Conclusions In renal injury rats model with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,AQP2 is the structure of renal reabsorption function,while Na +-K +-ATPase directly involved in or indirectly reflected the state of kidney energy metabolism.Recovery of AQP2 protein and energy metabolism,before the rat kidney function improved.

There are a wide variety of spiders on the earth and most them can secrete venom,which contains a variety of chemi-cal compositions that have multiple influences on organism be-sides toxic effects.The pharmacological efficiency includes cardi-ovascular and cerebrovascular activities,analgesic activities,an-tibacterial and anticancer activities etc.Ion channels are one of the important targets of spider toxins.They act on different ion channels,such as potassium channel,calcium channel and differ-ent subtypes of sodium channels.Therefore the spider toxins pres-ent different pharmacological activities and potential medicinal value.The venoms of spiders are less well studied than those from other venomous taxa such as conotoxin,scorpions and snakes etc. However,in recent years,spider toxins are turning to a new hot subject in related research areas.This review summarizes the lat-est progress in biological activities of spider toxins as well as its application in medical practice and development.

Objective To investigate the relationship among the expression of miR-340 protein, occurrence, development and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Method 60 patients with breast cancer, from January 2006 to December 2012, according to the immunohistochemistry expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2), were divided into TNBC (33 patients) and non-TNBC (27 patients), and the breast cancer tissues (15 patients) were also selected at the same period, and the expression of miR-340 protein were detected by the immunohistochemistry. Results The positive expression of miR-340 protein was 73.33%in adjacent tissues of breast cancer, 51.52%in TNBC, 29.63%non-TNBC, the expression differences of each group were statistically significant(χ2=7.671,P<0.05). The expression of miR-340 protein in TNBC and non-TNBC patients were no significant difference in age, menopausal status and tumor size;while there were obvious correlation among clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and protein expression of miR-340 in TNBC(P<0.05). Conclusion The gene of miR-340 involves in the occurrence, development and metastasis of TNBC, they would be one of the purposes gene therapy in TNBC.

OBJECTIVE Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge contains various active constituents, some of which have been developed as commercially available medicine. Moreover, some other ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza play great roles in anti-platelet activity. The aim of the present study was to investi-gate the effects and the underlying mechanism of miltirone,a lipophilic compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. METHODS The ability of miltirone to modulate platelet function was investigated by a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments.Platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by various agonists were measured with platelet aggregometer.Clot retraction and spreading were imaged by digital camera and fl uorescence microscope. Ferric chloride-induced carotid injury model and pulmonary thromboembolism model were used to check miltirone effect in vivo. To elucidate the mechanisms of anti-platelet activity of miltirone,flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed. RESULTS Miltirone (2,4,8 μmol·L-1)was shown to suppress platelet aggregation,dense granule and α granule secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, miltirone inhibited the clot retraction and spreading of washed platelets.It reduced the phosphorylation of PLCγ2,PKC,Akt,GSK3β and ERK1/2 in the down-stream signal pathway of collagen receptor.It also reduced the phosphorylation of Src and FAK in the integrin αⅡbβ3 mediated"outside-in"signaling,while it did not suppress the phosphorylation of β3.In addition, miltirone prolonged the occlusion time and reduced collagen/epinephrine induced pulmonary thrombi. CONCLUSION Miltirone suppresses platelet "inside-out" and "outside-in" signaling by affecting PLCγ2/PKC/ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt and Src/FAK signaling. Therefore, miltirone might represent a potential anti-platelet candidate for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.

Stem cell is one of the hot spot in the research area of biomedical engineering. Special attentions are drawn to the research and application of neural stem cells. Neural stem cells exist widely in central nervous system, which has the capacity of self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into other cells. The so-called engineered neural stem cell is constructed by using the technique of genetic engineering to make it be able to express various neural growth factors with high-performance and stability. The engineered neural stem cells have a great potential in the therapy of diseases of central nervous system, especially the spinal cord injury. This article reviews the research development of engineered neural stem cells, the problems confronted with it, and the trend for research in the future.