Objective To test the reliability and validity of the collective self-esteem scale for freshman.Methods 800 freshmen finished the Collective Self-Esteem Scale,the Life Satisfaction Scale,and Self-esteem Scale.Results The confirmatory factor analysis shows that collective esteem includes membership esteem,private collective esteem,public collective esteem,and importance to identiy intemal consistency a of the scale and the 4 components of the scale ale between0.6357and 0.8369.All components of the scale except importance to identity have significantly positive correlation with life satisfaction and self-esteem.(0.14＜r＜0.41,P＜0.01).Gids have more scores than boys in total collective esteem(t=3.38,P＜0.01),Private CSE and Importance to Identity (t=3.32,P＜0.01).Conclusion The revised collective self-esteem scale for freshmen has sound reliability and validity.It is a good instrument for measuring collective self-esteem of Chinese freshman.

Raltitrexed is a specific inhibitor of thymidylate synthase,and has been confirmed that ralti-trexed has no cross tolerance with 5-fluorouracil.Studies have shown that raltitrexed-based combination chemo-therapy has a beneficial effect on the treatment of advanced gastric cancer,and well tolerance,which is worthy of clinical use.

Recently more and more ophthalmologists selected a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) for their cataract patient in order to get good unaided reading vision. Although the design of IOL have made a great progress, we are still dissatisfied compared with our natural crystal lens. Understanding the design theory and improving our surgery technique are basic for better utilization the multifocal IOL. Does the multifocal IOL reduce contrast sensitivity? Should we implant the multifocal IOL in pediatric cataract surgery? How can we deal with the residual refractive error after multifocal IOL implantation? In this editorial, we try to clarify these problems to make us select and use multifocal IOL better.

Objective;To test the relationship between Collective Self-Esteem,Self-Esteem and Depression,Anxiety.Methods;800 freshmen completed the Collective Self-Esteem Scale,the self-Esteem Sale,Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.Results;①The rate of slight depression was 21.6%;moderate depression,5.9%;high depression,1.6%.The mean of anxiety was 42,the mode of anxiety was 36.②The predicting effects of Self-Esteem,private collective self-esteem and public collective self-esteem on depression were significant(P

Composite Resins ; Dental Bonding ; methods ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; methods

Objective To compare extramedullary fixation (EF), intramedullary fixation (IF) and dipolar femoral replacement(DFR) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly patients. Methods From July 1999 to December 2008, 172 old patients with intertrochanteric fractures were treated by either EF, or IF or DFR. The operative procedures, complications and therapeutic effects were compared between the 3 methods. Results The patients included in the present study were followed up for 8 to 36 months (average, 19. 6 months). There were significant differences ( P<0. 05) in incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, functional recovery and complications between the 3 methods. IF had the shortest incision length and the least intraoperative blood loss. DFR had less blood loss than EF. IF had the least operation time, followed by DFR. DFR had the best functional recovery one year postoperatively. IF had shorter rehabilitation and healing time than EF. Conclusions EF is the first choice for intertrochanteric fractures of A 1.1, A 1.2, A 1.3 and A2. 1. IF is more appropriate for the aged and unhealthy patients with intertrochanteric fractures of A1. 1, A1. 2, A1. 3, A2. 1, A2. 2, A3. 1 and A3.2. DFR is fit for the elderly patients with severe comminuted fractures and osteoporosis.

Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Humans ; Industry ; Lead ; analysis ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Workplace

Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; WAGR Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Wilms Tumor ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery

Objective:To study the expression of TNF-α in the cholesteatoma and elucidate the role of TNF-α in the destruction of bone.Method:All samples (5 μm paraffin sections) from 25 cholesteatoma cases and 10 normal cases were examined by immunohistochemical SABC method and analysed by computer image.Result:In 25 cholesteatoma cases,TNF-α expressed in the cytoplasm of the full epithelial tissue cells,subcutaneous inflammatory cells and fibroblast.In contrast,the normal cases,there were 6 cases week positive,4 cases negative.The results of the computer image quantitative analysis system showed that the mean optical density of TNF-α was 0.1326±0.0022 in the cholesteatoma epithelial tissue and 0.0868±0.0014 in normal skin epithelial tissue respectively,both of which had significantly differentiation (P＜0.05).Conclusion:TNF-α may be a factor of the destruction of bone of cholesteatoma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endovenous laser treatment(EVLT) plus punctiform stripping therapy for lower extremity varicose veins.Methods Sixty-eight limbs in fifty patients with varicosed vein underwent EVLT plus punctiform stripping therapy in department of vascular surgery of the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university.Results All patients were followed for 2～27 months and all the patients had successful occlusions of varicosed veins with no recurrence were observed.Local skin paresthesia were found in 2 patients.No local recurrence and deep vein thrombosis were found.Conclusion EVLT plus punctiform stripping therapy is a simple and effective treatment for lower extremity varicosed veins with fewer complications and recurrences.