OBJECTIVE:To analyze the causes of drug quality events took place in our hospital so as to provide reference for the improvement of drug quality.METHODS:Systematic investigations were performed on 150 batches of drugs that had shown quality problems during 2005 and 2006 in our hospital and the possible reasons accountable for the problems were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The quality problems were originated from 3 links including production,distribution and use of drugs,and manifested as improper or wrong packaging,labels or package inserts,inappropriate handling,and improper operation of medical staff etc,which worth the highest alert of the concerned departments.

Objective To explore whether pollutants exposure has a measurable impact on lung function and inflammatory factors level of healthy pupils in vehicle exhaust polluted region. Methods Primary school near the trunk road with a distance no more than 30 meters was selected,and 50 qualified pupils were chosen. A time-series panel study was conducted with these pupils,and the following consecutive five days'study of vehicle exhaust pollution level,3-days’personal exposure measurement and its health effects were carried out in May and November in 2008. Results The main pollutant in this region was motor vehicle exhaust. Compared to May,the value of FVC% declined significantly in November(P=0.02) . And the reduction of the value of FVC% was negatively associated with an increase in NO2 concentrations(P=0.04) . The levels of IL-2,IL-6,IL-8 became lower in November compared with May,and were negatively associated with personal exposure with IL-6 with statistically significant difference(?PM10=-0.62,?NO2=-0.62,?O3=-0.64,?SO2=-0.63) . The levels of TNF-? and IL-4 were positively associated with personal exposure,in which PM10 has the largest regression coefficient with TNF-?(?=0.65,P

Objective To seek out the factors that influenced the mortality of population due to heat wave in Shanghai in summer(15 June-15 September). Methods Daily data of mortality of all causes, meteorological and air pollution in Shanghai in 1998 and 2003 were collected. Multivariate analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between mortality and heat wave intensity, duration, and timing within the summer season and air pollution concentrations. Results The heat wave in 1998 was more severe and caused a higher mortality than that in 2003. In 1998 heat wave, the heat wave duration,timing within the summer season were significantly associated with the daily number of deaths,while in 2003, besides the above two factors the daily maximum temperature also played an important role. Air pollution level slightly increased in heat wave and some factors such as air conditioner number, living space and urban greenbelt area could be used to explain the distinctive difference of heat related mortality between 1998 and 2003. Conclusion High temperature is the crucial factor for the high mortality of population due to heat wave in Shanghai in summer(15 June-15 September) in 1998 and 2003. Using air condition and enlarging living space will help to decrease the mortality.

Objective To investigate the effect of cytochrome P_ 450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genetic polymorphisms on serum concentration of sodium valproate. Methods A total of 98 epileptic patients receiving sodium valproate after a period of more than 5 half-time were recruited. The genotypes of CYP2A6 of the patients were detected by nested-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine the alleles CYP2A6*1 and CYP2A6*4. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was used to measure the serum concentration of sodium valproate. Results Of the 98 cases, 73 (74.5%) were wild genotypes, 24 (24.5%) were CYP2A6*1/*4 genotypes and 1(1.0%) was CYP2A6*4/*4 genotype. According to the genotypes of CYP2A6 the patients were divided into two groups,one was group A (CYP2A6*1/*1) and the other was group B (CYP2A6*1/*4 or *4/*4). The mean value of the serum concentration of sodium valproate of the patients in group A(4.1393?0.2793) was higher than that in group B(3.3486?0.3919) with a statistical significance (P

Objective To explore the effect of distributed parallel-computing on the time of resampling of digitized human with different amounts of client.Methods Computers were randomly divided into one group of serial-computing and five groups of parallel-computing,and the same data of digitized human was resampled by each group.The resampling time of clients and server in each group,speedup of parallel-computing were compared.Results Compared with the group of serial-computing,the time of resampling of the groups of parallel-computing decreased greatly(P

Clinical practice is an important part of cultivating the master of nursing specialist,this paper analyzed characteristics of clinical practice in domestic and foreign nursing students and revealed the problem in cultivation of master of nursing specialist in China,in order to provide references for the future construction and perfection of clinical practice of master of nursing specialist in China.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum amyloid A protein in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Methods Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels were detected by ELISA in 131 patients with HCV infection and 20 normal controls. The expression of SAA-mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was detected by RT-PCR from some blood samples of HCV patients and normal controls. Results The SAA levels in the patients with chronic HCV infection were markedly higher than those in normal controls (t = 17. 14, P < 0. 01 ). The expression of SAA-mRNA detected by RT-PCR was closely correlated with concentrations of SAA measured by ELISA ( r = 0.86, P <0.01 ). No correlation was found between SAA expression and serum HCV RNA titers, as well as between SAA and serum ALT in patients with chronic HCV infection. Conclusion SAA levels are increased in patients with chronic HCV infection, which is not correlated with HCV RNA titers and serum ALT levels.

Large artery intracranial occlusive disease is a important and common vascular lesion type.It is closcly associated with the onset and recurrence of ischemic stroke; however,at present there are many inadequacies in the study of its etiology and treatment.This article mainly reviews the understanding process of the large artery intracranial occlusive disease,present research results and problems need to be solved.

Objective To study the change of activity and toxicity of superoxide (O - 2 ) produced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNLs) during ischemia reperfusion cerebral injury.Methods The rats were administrated by both PMA (an activator of single transduction of O - 2 produced in alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) positive granules of PMNLs) and the inhibitor BCA respectively; the model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was made by suture cleat mothod,the activity changes of both myeloperoxidease (MPO) and O - 2 were measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168h reperfusion following ischemia 1h, and the pathological ultrastructural changes were observed. Results The MPO activity of both PAM group and BCA group reached the peaks at 24h after reperfusion; however,there were no remarkable differences in MPO activity between these two groups in the same time point. The O - 2 activity in the PAM group was significantly higher than those in the BCA group. The O - 2 activity reached the peak at 72h of ischemia reperfusion. In the same experimental time point, the pathological changes of the ultrastructure in ischemic reperfusive injury brain of the PAM group were much more serious than the those of the BCA group, which showed obviously the neurons edema, the abnormal structures of nerve felt and synapse in the ischemia reperfusion injured brain.Conclusion The increase of brain O - 2 activity from PMNLs during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was direct ratio to the degree of cerebral injury. BCA might depress the activity and the toxicity of the O - 2.

Objective To study the clinical,pathological features and therapeutic method of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its relationship with disease-free survival.Methods One hundred and thirty-six cases of metastatic TNBC patients who were treated from January 2007 to January 2012 in the Third People''s Hospital of Dalian were selected as research objects.All patients received operation and radiochemotherapy,the clinical,pathological features,therapeutic method,the survival rate within 3,5 years,and the metastasis and survival situation of the patients were analyzed.Results For the patients in clinical stage Ⅲ period,the survival rate within 3,5 years were 45.9%(17/37),37.8%(14/37),respectively,significantly lower than those in stageⅡperiod (89.9%(89/99),73.7%(73/99)),and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=18.459,12.681,P<0.01).The 3-year survival rate of the patients in pathological grade Ⅲ was 64.9%(37/57),5-year survival rate was 43.9%(25/57),significantly lower than those of gradeⅠ(91.7%(22/24),83.3%(20/24)) and grade Ⅱ(85.5%(47/55),76.4%(42/55)),the differences were statistically significant (χ2=14.728,12.450,P<0.05).The 3-year survival rate of radiotherapy group was 81.8%(27/33),significantly higher than that of the non-radiotherapy group (59.1%(13/22)),the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.468,P<0.05).Lung,liver,brain,bone and supraclavicular lymph nodes were main distant metastasis,the survival time of patients with metastasis was less than 2 years.Conclusion Metastatic TNBC is a special type of breast cancer that is difficult to treat.Breast conserving surgery has certain application value,radiotherapy can only increase the 3 year survival rate.Pathological grade and clinical staging are the main prognostic factors.