Based on the analysis of 5-year collected data,our study showed that the teacher and course characteristics influence student ratings significantly.The scientific and rea-sonable evaluation approaches provides fundamental information for teaching capacity enhancement and course improvement.

Objective To provide theoretical and scientific evidences for plague control,through understanding the F1 antibody level distribution and affected factor of population having healed from plague from plague natural focus of Rat.flavipectus in Yunnan Province.Methods The places and population investigated were chosen according to plague surveillant data in Yunnan Province from 1986 to 2005,using caso-control study and quesfionary. All samples were detected by indirect hemagghtination(IHA),including 248 serum samples from population having heaIed from phsue in 23 counties as case group.295 senlm samples from healthy population inoculated with EV vaccine in 7 counties as artificial immunization group, and 235 serum samples from healthy population not inoculated it in a non-plagued foei county as negative comparison group,with the diagnosing standard for positive titor being not less than 1:20.Results(①The difference WSS statistically significant(X2=44.80,P<0.05)between plague and non-plagued foci with F1 antibody positive rates being 22.10%(120/543)and 0(0/235),respectively.② The F1 antibodv positive rate of case group,35.89%(89/248)and geometric mean titer(GMT)1:84,was higher than that of artiIicial immunization group,which was 10.51%(31/295)and with GMT 1:34,respectively,the difference being statistically significant(X2=50.41,P<0.0125);the positive rate of case group wgs hisher than the neganve comparison group,the difference being statistically significant(X2=103.39,P<0.0125):the posifive mte of artificial immunization group was higher than the negative comparison group,the difference being statisticallv significant(X2=26.23,P<0.0125).③The differences were not statistically significant in the F1 antibedy positive rates of case group for age,sex,nation and occupation(X2=1.88,2.01,5.46,0.04,P>0.05).④The difference was not statistically significant in 89 plague patients with positive F1 antibody at the time of onset and rehabilitation(t= 1.23,P>0.05).Conclusions ①Plague FI antibody in people distributes the sanle a8 the plague natural focus of Rat.flavipectus does in Yunnan Province.②For naturally infected plague patients,only 1/3 popuhtion get long- term immunity,and still 2/3 can be infected again.The protecting rate and effect of naturally acquired immunity due to infection of plague are better than amfieially acquired immunity from inoculation of EV vaccine.③For the population having healed from plague,the positive rotes of FI antibody are not affected by age,sex,nation and occupation,however for those whose plague F1 antibody is still positive after some time,the titer will remain or even increase.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of abdominal acupuncture plus herbal medicine in treating chronic pelvic pain due to qi stagnation and blood stasis after pelvic inflammatory diseases.Method Sixty patients with chronic pelvic pain due to qi stagnation and blood stasis after pelvic inflammatory diseases were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by abdominal acupuncture plus herbal medicine, while the control group was by herbal medicine alone. After 3 menstrual cycles, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for abdominal pain and McCormack scale were observed.Result After intervention, the abdominal VAS score and McCormack score were changed significantly in both groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). After intervention, there were significant differences in comparing the VAS score and McCormack score between the two groups (P<0.01).Conclusion Abdominal acupuncture plus herbal medicine can reduce chronic pelvic pain due to qi stagnation and blood stasis after pelvic inflammatory diseases.

As an important clinical mode, the disease-syndrome-efficacy integration is a development trend of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine combination. The mode combined comprehensive effica-cy evaluation based on disease-syndrome integration is able to highlight advantages of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment. With the status of disease-syndrome and effects of Chinese herbal medicine treatments, the en-dogenous metabolites and metabolic network of body changed in the systemic level. According to the analysis of these metabolic changes by metabolomic technologies, it is helpful to investigate the essence of disease-syndrome and explain the mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine actions. This review summarized the current applications of metabolomics in the area of disease-syndrome-efficacy integration research . Metabolomics applied in the disease-syndrome-efficacy integration research is helpful to facilitate the development of TCM and western medicine combination .

One hundred kinds of excellent books on basic medicine were selected from Wanfang Data Knowledge Platform to develop a books-papers citation database.Their academic levels of the selected books were evaluated by PageRank algorithm.The chapters and sections of the books were divided into 4 parts according to their PageRank value and the distribution characteristics of their citation frequencies to study the PageRank and the top 20 cited chapters and sections of the books.The advantages and disadvantages of PageRank algorithm in book evaluation were described.

Objective To explore whether antibiotic prophylaxis is beneficial in tension-free in-guinal hernia repair Method A perspectiverandomized controlled study was conducted which included 1 28 patients who underwent tension-free inguinal hernia repair from July 201 1 to August 201 3.In the anti-biotic prophylaxis group,antibiotic was intravenously administrated within 30 minutes before surgery.In the control group,no preoperative antibiotic wasadministrated.The incidence of incision infection was com-pared between groups.Result Incision infectiondeveloped in onepatient of the antibiotic prophylaxis group and two patientsin the placebo group,indicating no significant difference between the groups(P >0.05).Conclusion Before tension-free repair,there is no real need to apply prophylactic antibiotics reg-ularlyfor inguinal hernia without high risk factors.

Objectives To study the clinical results of Liuwei Dihuang Wan plus jinkui Shenqi Wan treating small renal calculus (diameter< 1.0cm) which are not suitable for surgical operation. Methods 200 eases were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatrnent group, with 100 cases in each group. 100 cases in the treatment group was further enrolled into team A (having the syndrome of kidney Yin deficiency) and team B (having the syndrome of kidney yang deficiency), with 50 eases in each team. Team A and team B was treated with Liuwei Dihuang Wan and Jinkui Shenqi Wan respectively. The control group was treated with drugs that removing urinary calculus. Results The cure rate and the effective rate in team A was 60% and 86% respectively; and 62% and 88% respectively in team B. The total cure rate and effective rate of the treatment was 61% and 87% respectively. On the other hand, the cure and effectively rate of the control group was 7% and 35% respectively. The difference between the two groups were significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Liuwei Dihuang Wan plus jinkui Shenqi Wan has good effect in treating small renal calculus.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous injection of parecoxib before operation on the efficacy of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoiag thoracic surgery.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients,aged 38-76 yr,weighing 44-82 kg,scheduled for thoracic surgery under general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural block,were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 30 each): group A,B and C.Epidttral anesthesia was performed at the T6-7 interspace before general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with sufentanyl 0.4 μg/kg,vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg and propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg.Double-lumen bronchial tube was inserted and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Group A received iv injection of normal saline 2 ml 30 min before skin incision.Group B received iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg after extubation.Group C received iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg 30 min before skin incision.Anesthesia was maintained with propofol,vecuronium,sufentanyl and lidocaine.The patients received patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA)with ropivacaine and 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil after surgery.The VAS score was maintained≤ 3.The comfort level was evaluated with Bruggrmann comfort scale(BCS)at 4,12,24 and 48 h after operation.The consumption of sufentanil during operation and within 48 h after operation was recorded.The adverse reactions were also recorded.Results Compared with group A,the consumption of sufentanil was significantly decreased in group B and C,the BCS score was significantly increased at 4 h after operation in group B,and the BCS score was significantly increased at each time point and the consumption of sufentanil during operation was significantly decreased in group C(P ＜ 0.05).The BCS score was significantly higher,and the consumption of sufentanil during operation and within 48 h after operation was significantly lower in group C than in group B(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significance difference in the adverse reactions among the 3 groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous injection of parecoxib 40 mg before operation reduces the perioperative sufentanil consumption in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of intermittent subglottic secretion drainage(SSD)with an endotracheal tube on incidience of ventilator- associated pneumonia(VAP). MethodsWe searched computerized databases,including Cochrane library,Pubmed,EMbase,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang and some relevant databases from initializing to March 2012,extracting data about subglottic secretion drainage(SSD)with an endotracheal tube on incidence of VAP using RCT.The data had Meta- analysis by software RevMan5,and to those data which could not be conversed or merged,they underwent descriptive analysis. ResultsWeidentifled 5 randomized clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria with a total of 683 randomized patients.In Meta- analysis,the overall risk ratio for ventilator- associated pneumonia was decreased significantly by intermittent subglottic secretion drainage with an endotracheal tube.There was no significant difference on adverse events or on hospital or intensive care unit mortality.Databases,including ICU and hospital LOS,duration of endotracheal catheterization,bacteria concentration,which were difficult to be conversed and obtained full data,they underwent a descriptive research. ConclusionsCompared with the common endotracheal tubes,the use of endotracheal tubes with subglottic secretion drainage is effective for prevention of ventilatorassociated pneumonia.But it has no effect on adverse events or on hospital or intensive care unit mortality.So large sample RCTs with multiply- center should be carried out to assess the effect of the use of SSD.