OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the setting-up of the current pharmacovigilance(PV)system.METHODS:The characteristics of the setup of the PV system in both US and France were analyzed and the problems encountered in current monitoring system of adverse drug effects were pointed out.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Both American and French PV systems have their own advantages and we should learn from it and draw useful experiences from them.In constructing PV system,China should make improvement in organization,communication,financial resource and information technology etc.

In order to have a better understanding of the relation between vertical dimension and occlusal force,a meter was made by means of straingauge.Five Japanese men were investi- gated for occlusal force at different vertical dimensions.The measurements showed that the maximal occlusal force of the posterior teeth occured at 8 to 15mm or the vertical dimension, the maximal occlusal forec of the anterior teeth occured at 13 to 18mm.This indicated that the occlusal force was closely related to the state of jaw closing muscle.

Objective　To study the effects of deliberated hypotension combined with acute simple hemodilution on blood loss,postoperative hemoglubin of the patients undergoing spinal side(back) protrude correction(SSP).Methods　Twenty four ASA grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ patients undergoing elective SSP were randomly divided into two groups:control group(n＝12) and hypotensive group(n＝12).The all patients received with general anesthesia.In the hypotensive group:acute simple hemodilution was accomplished with infusion of lactated Ringer's solution and Gelofusine of as three times as blood loss.Deliberated hypotensin was induced and maintained with 0.01% sodium nitroprusside 2～6μg/kg/min iv.Intraoperative blood loss,blood transfused volume during operation and postoperative hemoglobin were recorded and compared between both groups.Results　 Blood loss was about 51% lower in the deliberated hypotensive group than that in the control group at the end operation.The average volume of transfused blood during operation was(1200±140)ml in control group,blood transfusion was(400±128)ml in the hypotensive groups.Conclusion Deliberated hypotension combined with acute simple hemodilution can significantly decrease the intraoperative blood loss and the SSP operation can be better tolerated for the indicated patients.

Objective:To study the optimal process of reflux extraction for lignans from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus roots. Methods:Sesamin as the reference substance, a colorimetric method was used to detect the absorption value of the samples at 558 nm to calculate the content directly. The extraction time, the extraction times and the volume of extraction solvent were applied to optimize the extrac-tion conditions for total lignans by orthogonal experiment. Results:The absorbance had a linear relationship with the amourt of sesamin within the range of 10. 6-53. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7). The average recovery of sesamin was 102. 2%(RSD=1. 6%, n=6). The content of total lignans (measurement by sesamin) in the extracts was 10. 0 mg·g-1. The optimum reflux extraction conditions were as follows:adding 40-fold 50 % methanol, extracting once for 30 min. Conclusion:The UV method for determining the total lignans is feasible, stable and reliable as well as precise, and the optimal extraction process is reasonable.

Following great progress on the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) and publication of many high quality (prospective,randomized,multicenter) clinical trials of glucocorticoids-plus-immunosuppressive interventions,the American College of Rheumatology (ACR),European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA),and Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) published or renewed in succession in 2012 special guidelines or recommendations for screening,casedefinition,treatment and management of LN.The paper introduces the key contents to provide reference for the clinical practice.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting on early efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis with atleplase.Methods The clinical data of 100 acute cerebral infarction patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis with atleplase were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into early effective group and ineffective group,whieh assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) with criteria of whether there were ＞ 3 or not at 24 hours after therapy.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the differences of clinical data between the two groups.Results Univariate analysis revealed that the early improvement was significantly associated with favorable outcome at 3 month (P =0.000).Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the systolic pressure at baseline was moderately positively associated with early improvement (OR 1.031,95％ CI 1.008-1.056,P =0.009).Conclusion Moderately lower baseline systolic pressure is associated with early improvement after thrombolytic therapy which is associated with favorable outcome at 3 month.

The immunoregulatory effects of mescenchymal stem cell (MSC) and its application have become a focused research topic in recent years. This article reviews the up-to-date research advances in the features and mechanisms of immune regulation of MSC and its application.

Inflammatory reaction plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is one of the subfamily members of the CC chemokine class. It can attract and activate a variety of cells, such as monocytes and T lymphocytes, promote the expression of cytokines, and participate in the occurrence of ischemic brain injury. This article reviews the progresses on the MCP-1 and ischemic stroke-related research.

Objective To confirm the feasibility and security of the liver hanging maneuver in difficult right hemihepatectomy.Methods Medical records of 40 conseeutive patients considered for difficult right hemihepatectomy were reviewed.The patients were grouped into two groups in pairs:group 1 (using the hanging maneuver) in 20 and group 2 (using the traditional maneuver) in the left 20.Results It was successful in 20 patients and the overall feasibility was 100%.Operative duration,bleeding,transfusion,average stay and complications in group 1 were lower than those of group2.Conclusion The liver hanging maneuver not only has high feasibility but also improves the security in difficult right hemihepatectomy.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the collective self-esteem scale for freshman.Methods 800 freshmen finished the Collective Self-Esteem Scale,the Life Satisfaction Scale,and Self-esteem Scale.Results The confirmatory factor analysis shows that collective esteem includes membership esteem,private collective esteem,public collective esteem,and importance to identiy intemal consistency a of the scale and the 4 components of the scale ale between0.6357and 0.8369.All components of the scale except importance to identity have significantly positive correlation with life satisfaction and self-esteem.(0.14＜r＜0.41,P＜0.01).Gids have more scores than boys in total collective esteem(t=3.38,P＜0.01),Private CSE and Importance to Identity (t=3.32,P＜0.01).Conclusion The revised collective self-esteem scale for freshmen has sound reliability and validity.It is a good instrument for measuring collective self-esteem of Chinese freshman.