OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the setting-up of the current pharmacovigilance(PV)system.METHODS:The characteristics of the setup of the PV system in both US and France were analyzed and the problems encountered in current monitoring system of adverse drug effects were pointed out.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Both American and French PV systems have their own advantages and we should learn from it and draw useful experiences from them.In constructing PV system,China should make improvement in organization,communication,financial resource and information technology etc.

In order to have a better understanding of the relation between vertical dimension and occlusal force,a meter was made by means of straingauge.Five Japanese men were investi- gated for occlusal force at different vertical dimensions.The measurements showed that the maximal occlusal force of the posterior teeth occured at 8 to 15mm or the vertical dimension, the maximal occlusal forec of the anterior teeth occured at 13 to 18mm.This indicated that the occlusal force was closely related to the state of jaw closing muscle.

The concrete methods and experiences for foreign students in case study in the past decades were introduced in this article. We emphasized on teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and step by step, explaining the profound things in a simple way and giving attention to different students' capabilities during teaching. In the practice, we surely felt that case study will bring more advantage than traditional teaching methods, motivate students and improve the capabilities to understand the course content.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Cucurbita ; chemistry ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Lipids ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Rats

Objective To explore the strategies for nursing the ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients with fractures of thoracolumbar vertebra combined with kyphotic deformity treated with osteotomy and internal fixation.Method The nursing histories of 8 AS patients with fractures of thoracolumbar vertebra combined with kyphotic deformity treated with osteotomy and internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the nursing strategies.Result All the 8 patients lived through the perioperative periods, with kyphotic derformity corrected and no complications like pulmonary or urinary system infections.Conclusion Pertinent care and effective special instructions to the patients may be clinically effective in improvement of heal rates of fractures of thoracolumbar vertebra combined with kyphotic deformity,reduction of complications and facilitation of their rehabilitation.

The immunoregulatory effects of mescenchymal stem cell (MSC) and its application have become a focused research topic in recent years. This article reviews the up-to-date research advances in the features and mechanisms of immune regulation of MSC and its application.

Objective To analyze the factors affecting on early efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis with atleplase.Methods The clinical data of 100 acute cerebral infarction patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis with atleplase were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into early effective group and ineffective group,whieh assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) with criteria of whether there were ＞ 3 or not at 24 hours after therapy.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the differences of clinical data between the two groups.Results Univariate analysis revealed that the early improvement was significantly associated with favorable outcome at 3 month (P =0.000).Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the systolic pressure at baseline was moderately positively associated with early improvement (OR 1.031,95％ CI 1.008-1.056,P =0.009).Conclusion Moderately lower baseline systolic pressure is associated with early improvement after thrombolytic therapy which is associated with favorable outcome at 3 month.

Objective:To study the optimal process of reflux extraction for lignans from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus roots. Methods:Sesamin as the reference substance, a colorimetric method was used to detect the absorption value of the samples at 558 nm to calculate the content directly. The extraction time, the extraction times and the volume of extraction solvent were applied to optimize the extrac-tion conditions for total lignans by orthogonal experiment. Results:The absorbance had a linear relationship with the amourt of sesamin within the range of 10. 6-53. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7). The average recovery of sesamin was 102. 2%(RSD=1. 6%, n=6). The content of total lignans (measurement by sesamin) in the extracts was 10. 0 mg·g-1. The optimum reflux extraction conditions were as follows:adding 40-fold 50 % methanol, extracting once for 30 min. Conclusion:The UV method for determining the total lignans is feasible, stable and reliable as well as precise, and the optimal extraction process is reasonable.

Following great progress on the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) and publication of many high quality (prospective,randomized,multicenter) clinical trials of glucocorticoids-plus-immunosuppressive interventions,the American College of Rheumatology (ACR),European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA),and Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) published or renewed in succession in 2012 special guidelines or recommendations for screening,casedefinition,treatment and management of LN.The paper introduces the key contents to provide reference for the clinical practice.

Objective　To study the effects of deliberated hypotension combined with acute simple hemodilution on blood loss,postoperative hemoglubin of the patients undergoing spinal side(back) protrude correction(SSP).Methods　Twenty four ASA grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ patients undergoing elective SSP were randomly divided into two groups:control group(n＝12) and hypotensive group(n＝12).The all patients received with general anesthesia.In the hypotensive group:acute simple hemodilution was accomplished with infusion of lactated Ringer's solution and Gelofusine of as three times as blood loss.Deliberated hypotensin was induced and maintained with 0.01% sodium nitroprusside 2～6μg/kg/min iv.Intraoperative blood loss,blood transfused volume during operation and postoperative hemoglobin were recorded and compared between both groups.Results　 Blood loss was about 51% lower in the deliberated hypotensive group than that in the control group at the end operation.The average volume of transfused blood during operation was(1200±140)ml in control group,blood transfusion was(400±128)ml in the hypotensive groups.Conclusion Deliberated hypotension combined with acute simple hemodilution can significantly decrease the intraoperative blood loss and the SSP operation can be better tolerated for the indicated patients.