AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone combined macular grid photocoagulation treatment for macular edema.
METHODS: Totally 150 cases (150 eyes) with macular edema in our hospital from July 2009 to November 2013 were selected, which were randomly divided into study group (75 cases, 75 eyes) and control group (75 cases, 75 eyes) . The cases in control group were treated with macular grid photocoagulation treatment, those in the study group used triamcinolone acetonide combined macular grid photocoagulation treatment. Best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , parallel optical coherence tomography ( OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were detected before treatment, after treatment 7d, 1, 3, and 9mo.
RESULTS:After the treatment, patients' vision were significantly improved in two groups (P<0. 05). In the study group 7d, 1, 3, and 9mo after operation, the visual acuity was better than the control group and preoperative (P<0. 05); fovea macular neurosensory layer thickness decreased significantly (P<0. 05). In the control group, the point omentum macular neurosensory retinal thickness was not statistically significant at 7d, 1, 3, and 9mo after operation compared with before treatment (P>0. 05). Fovea macular neurosensory retinal thickness in the study group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0. 05). Intraocular pressure of 7 cases in the study group increased slightly, and were normal after treatment.
CONCLUSION: Triamcinolone acetonide combined macular grid photocoagulation treatment is accurate, can effectively improve the visual acuity, reduce macular edema, it is safe and reliable, and suitable for clinical application.

AIM: To observe the effects of Dispel Stasis Decoction(Radix et Rhizowa Salviae multiorrhizae,Rhizoma Sparganii,Rhizoma Curcumae,etc) on TNF-? and E_2 in rats with endometriosis(EMS),and to observe its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. METHODS: Endometriosis rat models were made by autograft of endometrium in abdomen.Four weeks after operation,EMS model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a model group,3 Dispel Stasis Decoction groups and a danazol group.All the rats were treated for three weeks respectively,and then anaesthetised and killed.The ectopic endometrium's focuses were observed by microscope,the levels of TNF-? and E_2 in the serum of all groups were measured by radioimmunoassay.The method of body twist and ear edema of mouse were used to the analysis the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of Dispel Stasis Decoction. RESULTS: The survived graft shrinked and the number of the glanduls decreased in rats of Dispel Stasis Decoction group.The levels of TNF-? and E_2 in the serum were significantly lower than that of the model group.Also,Dispel Stasis Decoction could inhibite the ear edema of the mouse induced by dimethylbenzene and the body twist of the mouse caused by acetic acid notablely. CONCLUSION: Dispel Stasis Decoction inhibited growth of the graft and showed a significant therapeutic effects on EMS model rat.It also has notable functions of anti-inflammatory and analgesic.This may be related to its inhibition of TNF-? and E_2 levels.

Some new types of microemulsion using phospholipids as the main surfactant were prepared for electrokinetic chromatography and the quantitative structure-retention relationship of neutral solutes in these microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) systems was studied by solvation parameters model.By using dynamic coating capillary, and with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dodecyl benzene as the marker of electroosmotic flow and microemulsion droplets, a total of 17 kinds of stable microemulsions containing soybean phospholipids or other surfactants were prepared and the linear salvation energy relationship equations were developed for these MEEKC systems with 26 small neutral compounds.The coefficients of linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) equations were used to evaluate the similarity of two MEEKC systems.Results indicated that LSER characteristics of phospholipids-MEEKC systems were similar to those of other microemulsion systems.The volume and hydrogen bond basicity of solutes were mostly contributed to the retention in MEEKC.The different types and concentration of oil phase had no evident influence on the retention.

Objective To explore the relationship between plasma mannose-binding lectin (MBL), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and body mass index in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods 45 newly diagnosed GDM pregnant women and 45 healthy women (control group) were selected in this study. Plasma concentration of MBL and LPS were measured. All the groups were sub-divided into obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and non-obesity (BMI < 25 kg/m2) subgroup. The relationships of levels of plasma LPS, MBL with BMI were analyzed. Results The level of plasma MBL in GDM group was significantly lower than that in control group(P < 0.05), while the concentration of LPS in serum was much higher than that in healthy pregnant women (P < 0.05). Pearson analysis showed the level of MBL in GDM group was negatively correlated with BMI(r=-0.28, P<0.05), serum LPS concentration was positively correlated with BMI(r = 0.62, P < 0.05) and LPS was negatively correlated With MBL(r = -0.43, P < 0.05) . The above correlations were not found in control group. Conclusion Serum MBL and LPS maybe two important risk factors for those pregnant women being overweight, and could offer great significance for the prevention and treatment of GDM.

OBJECTIVETo identify the Cynomorii Herba and its analogues species using DNA barcoding technique.

METHODTotal genomic DNA extracted from all materials using the DNA extraction kit. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and purified PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner 3.7.1. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances and GC content were computed using MEGA 5. 0. Species identification analyses were conducted through the species identification system for traditional Chinese medicine and neighbor-joining (NJ) trees.

RESULTThe ITS2 sequence lengths of Cynomorii Herba were 229 bp. The average intra-specific genetic distances of Cynomorii Herba were 0.003. The average inter-specific genetic distances between Cynomorii Herba and its adulterants species were 0.760. The results showed that the minimum inter-specific divergence is larger than the maximum intra-specific divergence. The species identification system for traditional Chinese medicine and NJ trees results indicated that Cynomorii Herba and its adulterants species can be easily identification.

CONCLUSIONThe ITS2 region is an efficient barcode for identification of Cynomorii Herba, which provide a new technique to ensure clinical safety in utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.

In order to identify Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants were amplified and bidirectionally sequenced based on the Principles for Molecular Identification of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Using DNA Barcoding, which has been promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Sequences were analyzed and assembled by Codon Code Aligner V3. 7.1. The relevant data were analyzed by MEGA 5. 0. Species identification analyses were performed by using the nearest distance methods and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The result showed that the ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Radix were 229-230 bp and the average intra-specific genetic distances were 0.005. The ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Decursivi Radix were 227 bp and the sequences contained no variation site. The average inter-specific K2P genetic distance of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species were 0.044 and 0.065 respectively. The minimum inter-specific divergence is larger than the maximum intra-specific divergence of Peucedani Decursivi Radix. The nearest distance methods and NJ trees results indicated that Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species could be identification clearly. The ITS2 regions can stably and accurately distinguish Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants.
Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Drug Contamination

Genuine medicinal materials with special characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is recognized as high quality medicine. Both ancient records and modern research considered that the origin is an important reason for the formation of genuine medicinal materials. However, blindly transplanting of genuine medicinal materials has led to the quality decline and counterfeit medicines appeared in production or sale progress, which may increase the risk of accidents in TCM. Frequent accidents emerged in Chinese herbal affects its export. What's more, it is a great threat to the medication safety in TCM clinical. There is an urgent need to implement traceability systems of TCM, which could provide convenient information record and traceability of TCM circulation. This paper reviews a variety of technical methods for genuine medicinal materials traceability, and proposed the establishment of genuine medicinal materials traceability system based on two-dimensional code and network database.
Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To investigate the roles of glutamate signaling pathway in melanin transfer.MethodsEpidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes were isolated from human foreskin tissue followed by purification and primary culture.Immunofluorescence microscopy was conducted to observe the intracellular distribution of N-methy-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) and NMDAR2A in melanocytes.Some melanocytes were classified into 4 groups to be pretreated with MK801 (the NMDAR antagonist dizocilpine maleate) at 100μmol/L for 5 minutes followed by treatment with NMDA(an NMDAR agonist) at 100 μmol/L (MK801-pretreated group 1),pretreated with MK801 at 100 μmol/L for 1 hour followed by treatment with NMDA at 100μmol/L (MK801-pretreated group 2),treated with MK801 at 100 μmol/L for 5 minutes (MK801 group),treated with NMDA at 100 μmol/L for 5 minutes (NMDA group),respectively,then,confocal microscopy was performed to measure the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration of the melanocytes.The distribution of β-tubulin was visualized by confocal microscopy in melanocytes treated with MK801 at 100 μmol/L for 24 hours.Some melanocytes and keratinocytes were cocultured with or without MK801 at 100 μmol/L for 24 or 48 hours,then,scaning microscopy was carried out to observe the junction structure between melanocytes and keratinocytes,and alkali method coupled with spectrophotometric analysis to determine melanin content in keratinocytes.Results The intracellular calcium concentration of melanocytes was decreased by MK-801,but increased by NMDA at 100 μmol/L,and the increase was blocked by the pretreatment with MK-801 for 5 minutes or 1 hour.After incubation with MK-801 at 100 μmol/L for 24 hours,a more intense staining for β-tubulin was observed around the nuclei of melanocytes.There was a significant reduction in the number of filopodia on the surface of and between melanocytes and keratinocytes after treatment with MK-801 at 100 μmol/L for 48 hours.Also,the content of melanin(represented as the absorbance value at 375 nm) transferred from melanocytes into keratinocytes was statistically reduced in coculture system treated with MK-801 at 100 μmol/L compared with that without treatment (0.158 ± 0.003 vs.2.203 ± 0.006,t =6.323,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The glutamate signaling pathway exerts a regulatory effect on intracellular calcium concentration of distribution of β-tubulin in,filopodia formation of melanocytes and melanin transfer between melanocytes and keratinocytes.

Objective To assess the causes of sildenafil failure and the feasibility of successfully rechallenging non-responding patients. Methods A total of 126 consecutive erectile dysfunction (ED) patients from Jan 2009 to Dec 2009 who claimed poor response to sildenafil (sildenafil 100 mg on demand, at lease 4 epiodes) were enrolled into the study. All patients received sexual reeducation and were treated with sildenafil, taken on a daily dose of 50 mg for 4 weeks. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Rigiscan, serum testosterone or penile Doppler were used to evaluate ED and the cause of on-demand sildenafil failure. End point efficacy of rechallenging was evaluated using the IIEF-5 and the sexual encounter profile (SEP) 'Were you able to insert your penis into your partner's vagina?' and 'Did your erection last long enough to achieve successful intercourse?'. Results The recruited patients comprised of 41 cases with psychological ED, 39 cases with hypogonadism ED, 28 cases with diabetes mellitus ED and 18 cases with vascular ED. Compared with pretreatment and on-demand sildenafil baseline, daily administration of sildenafil significantly enhanced all efficacy outcome variables. The IIEF-5 was significantly improved after daily sildenafil (12.3 ± 2.9 vs18. 8±4.4, P＜0.01), 78 patients responded to daily sildenafil. The overall salvage rate was 61.9%(78/126). Conclusions Sexual reeducation and daily administration of sildenafil may be able to salvage many patients with ED who were sildenafil non-responders.

Objective To estabalish a new conception, Erectile Dysfunction-no sexual life (ED-NS), so as create an evaluating questionnaire, Self-estimation Index of erectile function-No sexual life (SIEF-NS) so as to investigate its clinical reliability. Methods The conception of ED-NS was identified and the SIEF-NS questionnaire was established. Patients who complained of ED-NS and normal controls were enrolled into the research and assessed the erectile function was assessed with SIEF-NS.The SIEF-NS includes 12 questions, such as sexual libido, general erectile function, nocturnal penile erection, erectile function during foreplay, erectile function during audio-video sexual stimulation,confidence, depression, etc and each question has 5 point scales. Results Sixty-one ED-NS patients and 57 controls were enrolled into the study and assessed erectile function with SIEF-NS. The mean score of each question and integral score of SIEF-NS in ED-NS patients were significantly different from normal controls (P＜0. 05). When the integral score was 35 points according to the ROC curve of integral score, the sensitivity of SIEF-NS was 88.5% and specificity was 96. 5%. Conclusions ED-NS is a new conception to define patients who have erectile dysfunction without sexual life. SIEFNS is suggested to be a useful method for the evaluation of ED-NS patients.