BACKGROUND: At present, composite resin has been dominantly applied on bonding brackets, but dental enamel is prone to the injury on the surface when the brackets are removed, resulting from the high bonding strength. OBJECTIVE: To compare the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of three orthodontic bonding adhesives at 5 minutes and 15 minutes after bonding orthodontic brackets. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized grouping control experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Stomatology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from June to October in 2007. MATERIALS: For the sake of orthodontic, 90 premolars were extracted from the volunteers, who signed the informed consents to the study. Buccal surface enamel was observed under 10-power magnifying glass to be intact and untreated, without crack or dental caries, excluding tetracycline stained teeth and dental fluorosis. Jingjin enamel adhesive (Tianjin); light-cured resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) adhesive (Fuji, GC, Japan); Transbond XT and self-etching primer (3M Uniteck). METHODS: Ninety teeth were randomly allocated into three groups (n=30) as follows: Jingjin enamel adhesive group, light-cured RMGIC adhesive group, and self-etching adhesive group. After bonding, the brackets of the three groups were removed at 5 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively. There were 15 teeth at each time point. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index were measured and scored as 1-5 points (higher scores indicated higher bonding strength between the adhesives and the teeth, whereas lower scores indicated higher bonding strength between the adhesives and the brackets). RESULTS: After the bracket removal, the shear bond strength of light-cured RMGIC adhesive group was the lowest. No significant difference was found in the shear bond strengths between Jingjin enamel adhesive group and self-etching adhesive group. The remnant adhesives equally distributed on the teeth surface and bracket surface in Jingjin enamel adhesive group and self-etching adhesive group, while mainly distributed on the bracket surface in light-cured RMGIC adhesive group. The adhesive remnant index scores showed statistically significant differences among three groups (P

Objective To design a type of poly (D, L) Lactide (PDLLA) cage, compare the characteristics of inter body fusion using PDLLA cage with those of titanium cage and autologous tricortical iliac crest graft in a goat cervical spine model in vi?vo. Methods Twenty?four goats underwent C3-4 discectomy and fusion were assigned to 3 groups, PDLLA cage group (n=8), titani?um alloy cage group (n=8) and autologous iliac bone group (n=8). Radiography was performed pre?and post?operatively and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. At the same time points, disc space height (DSH), intervertebral angle (IVA), and lordosis angle (LA) were measured. After 12 weeks, the goats were killed and fusion sites were harvested. Biomechanical testing was performed in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending to determine the stiffness and range of motion. All cervical fusion speci?mens underwent histomorphological observation. Results The IVA of PDLLA cage 4 weeks after operation and DSH 8 and 12 weeks after operation was statistically greater than that of autologous iliac bone graft (P<0.05). The LA values were shown no signif?icant difference among PDLLA cage, Titanium cage and autologous iliac bone graft groups. The stiffness of two types of cages in ax?ial rotation and lateral bending, the ROM in every movement was statistically greater than that of autologous iliac bone graft group (P<0.05). PDLLA cage and Titanium cage had no significant difference (P>0.05). Radiographic and histomorphological observa?tion showed better fusion results in cage groups than in autologous bone group. Conclusion This type of PDLLA cage has excel?lent biocompatibility and can provide an appropriate biological environment for bone ingrowth and osteogenesis at bone?implant in?terface. Furthermore, PDLLA cage can maintain DSH and increase the stability of fusion segments to create a good biomechanical environment for the last bone fusion.

ABSTRACT:Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria with a unique biphasic developmental cycle ,and have close rela‐tionships with human .Emerging Chlamydia species such as Chlamydia ibidis ,Chlamydia avium and Chlamydia gallinacea changed the chlamydial taxonomy .The biggest change is the abandon of genus Chlamydophilaand its previous six species were recombined into genus Chlamydia ,which in together with the emerging species ,expands genus Chlamydia to 12 species .This paper briefly reviewed the latest taxonomy of Chlamydiae and their identification methods ,which include the classical biological characteristics and physico‐chemical properties ,modern molecular genetics ,and the newly developed whole genome analysis . Presently ,molecular genetics methods ,including sequence analysis of 16S rRNA ,ompA and other Chlamydia‐specific genes , are commonly used for chlamydial identification .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P4503A4(CYP3A4) in epilepsy patients treated with carbamazepine,and to provide reference for individual drug regimen.METHOD:Blood samples were collected from epilepsy patients treated with carbamazepines.Mutations in CYP3A4 gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).RESULTS:After screening the 141 subjects,the individual mutation rates of the allele CYP3A4*4 and CYP3A4*6 were 0.71%.No allele CYP3A4*5 was found in 141 subjects.CONCLUSION:CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms may change the activity of CYP3A4 gene.

0.05). The pressure on the first molar from cheek was higher than that from tongue( P

Objective To investigate the effect of H.pylori infection on cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)expression in gastric antral mucosa. Methods The expression of COX-2 in 20 patients with H.py lori -infected chronic gastritis and in 14 with uninfected chronic gastritis w ere investigated by immunohistochemical method. The expressions of COX-2 in the antral mucosa were compared before and after H.pylori eradication. Results The mean percentage of the cells stained with COX-2 was s ignificantly higher in H.pylori -infected mucosa than that in uninfected mucosa ( P

AIM: To investigate the effect of activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway on the transdifferentiation induced by high concentration of glucose in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells(HKCs).METHODS: Cultured HKCs cells were divided into four groups: low glucose group(LG),high glucose group(HG),high mannitol group(LG+M),and HG+AG490 group(AG).Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis were used to determine the expression of tryosine phosphorylated Janus kinase 2(p-JAK2).The protein expressions of STAT1,STAT3,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 and expressions of ?-SMA,E-cadherin were observed by Western blotting.The contents of TGF-?1 and type I collagen in the supernatants of the cultured HKCs were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA).TGF-?1 mRNA were measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS: Compared with low glucose control group,the expression of JAK2,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 and TGF-?1 mRNA was significantly increased in HG group at different stimulated time from 6 h to 72 h.Meanwhile,the contents of TGF-?1 and collagen I in the supernatants and the expression of ?-SMA were increased,the expression of E-cadherin were decreased.The expression of JAK2,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 and TGF-?1 mRNA and the levels of TGF-?1,collagen I in the supernatants in HG+AG490 group were obviously lower than those in HG group.The expressions of ?-SMA and E-cadherin were also decreased in HG+AG490 group.CONCLUSION: Activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway may be involved in the high glucose-induced transdifferentiation and overproduction of TGF?1 and ECM proteins in HKCs.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of 1,25-droxyvitamin D3 on nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)in patients with spinal tuberculosis and to explore its immunoregulation function.METHODS:Patients' PBMC were assigned to test group in which DHVD3 was added or control group in which culture medium was added,then cultured after BCG vaccine inoculation.Cultured supernatant fluid from isolated PBMC was collected at 0,3,6,9,12 days respectively for measuring of relative optical density(OD)of NO by nitric oxide kit.Total RNA extracted from the PBMC was reverse transcribed to cDNA and amplificated by fluorecent real-time quantitative PCR on the sixth day;mRNA of target gene iNOS and reference gene 3-GAPD were analyzed and compared by relative quantitative method 2-??Ct.RESULTS:OD value of NO and mRNA of iNOS in test group were all higher than in control group(P

Objective To determine the serum levels of B cell activating factor-receptor(BAFF-R)in patients with primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome(pSS)and investigate the role of BAFF-R in the pathogenesis of pSS.Methods The serum concentration of BAFF-R was measured by ELISA in 120 patients with pSS and 62 age-and sex-matched normal controls.Results The median level of serum BAFF-R was(692.7 ± 536.9)ng/L in pSS and (279.7 ± 186.9)ng/L in healthy controls.The serum level of BAFF-R in the pSS was significantly higher than normal controls(P ＜0.01).Higher level of BAFF-R was associated with higher level of IgG(r =0.429,P ＜0.01).Serum level of BAFF-R had no correlation with IgA,IgM,C3,C4,RF,ESR and CRP.BAFF-R level was markedly increased in patients with positive ANA,anti-SSA,anti-SSB antibody compared with those with negative antibody.Conclusion The serum BAFF-R level was significantly elevated and correlated with the level of immunoglobulin and autoantibodies.BAFF-R play certain role in the pathogenesis of pSS.

The hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) results can reflect the average level of blood glucose over the past 2-3 months,its clinical application value is transforming from evaluation indicator to diagnosis indicator.The application of HbA1c as a diagnostic indicator of diabetes is limited by many factors,such as multi-factor influence on measurement and its late start on standardization process in our country,optimal cut-point and the defect of HbA1c existing in the molecular level,etc.Therefore,clarifying the limitations of HbA1c in the practical application is of great significance for its clinical application.