Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) can promote the growth of tumor thymphangiogenesis by binding with receptor VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. It is an important factor of tumor lymphatic metastasis. Lymphatic metastasis is the major diffusion way for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The over expression of VEGF-C is significantly correlated to metastasis and prognosis of NSCLC. This article rewiews the bionomics and the functions of VEGF-C in metastasis of NSCLC.

Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is a kind of non-transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase, characterized by its promotion of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. It is highly expressed in many tumors and has a close correlation with tumorigenesis, metastasis and prognosis. With the further research in recently years, more and more studies have suggested that PRL-3 has a wide applicative prospect in clinic, serving as a important clinical biological marker to predict tumor metastasis and prognosis. This paper will review the structure of PRL-3, mechanism and relationship between PRL-3 and tumors.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of multifunctional regulators which plays crucial role in physiological and pathological processed ranging from development,differentiation and apoptosis to stress responscs.Over 50 ％ miRNAs are located in the tumor-associated region or the fragile chrosomal regions which are susceptible to amplification,deletion or translocation during the process of tumor onset and development.More recently,the new publications indicated that the miRNAs broaden the insight for the mechanism research of tumor metastasis and the applications of miRNAs in carcinoma diagnosis.The article focuses on the mechanism by which some miRNAs are deregulated in lung cancer,the clinical potential of these molecules as the diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and the future of miRNAs to be potential therapeutic drugs.

Adult stem cells identified in tissue organs possess obviously plasticity. They can differentiate into the cells in other systems and germ layers, which are known to support the continuous repair and regeneration of tissues. In the vascular tissue engineering, the research was more and more widespread and deep on adult stem cells as seed cells～ Research indicated that there are many kinds of adult stem cells which can differentiate into vascular endothelial cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, human adipose derived stem cells, and amnion derived stem calls. Thus, this study reviewed the current situation of adult stem cells as seed cells in vascular tissue engineering.

miRNA is a kind of small,endogenous noncoding RNA which regulates gene expression in post-transcription level and is highly conserved and tissue-specificity,miRNA generally participates the regulation of many complicated vital process,such as cell growth,development and also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many kinds of tumors,miR-34b is a newly discovered miRNA,which is regulated by p53,promoter methylation and so on.miR-34b can regulate cellular proliferation and apoptosis,and also involves in the generation and regulation of tumor,which suggests wide application prospect in therapy and prognosis of tumor.This review will focus on the progress of miR-34b and its relationship with tumor.

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl has been implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle,adhesion, apoptosis and DNA damage responses.Its excessive activation is related with the development of chronic myeloid leukemia, and the relationship between c-Abl and leukemia is in depth and detailed research.In contrast to leukemia, the research between c-Abl and solid tumors is just at the early stage.This paper briefly reviews research progress of the c-Abl in solid tumors.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effects of taurine and catalin eye drops.METHODS:All the mice were divided into the normal control group,the cataract control group,the taurine group and the catalin eye drops group.Except the normal control group,the rest ones were used to establish the galactose cataract models and then received eyedrop administration everyday.The contents of taurine,glycin and glutamic acid in crystalline lens were measured by high perfor?mance liquid chromatography.RESULTS:The contents of amino-acids were not found lower in the taurine group as com?pared with the catalin eye drops group.CONCLUSION:Taurine shows the preventive and therapeutic effects on the experi?mental cataract,which can be comparable to that of catalin eye drops or even more advantageous.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), an important target for tumor targeted therapy, is overexpressed / mutated in the majority of tumors. Immune cells modified by chimeric antigen receptor , including T cells, NK cells and so on, is a new technology in recent years, which has showed an unique advantage in the treatment of malignant tumors. In this paper, the research progress of T cells and NK cells modified with chimeric antigen targeting for EGFR and its mutants will be reviewed.

Objective Some scholars considered that dry eye is associated to serum sex level in elder female population.But,how the estrogen and/or androgen play role in dry eye is still in controversy.The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of estrogen and androgen on lacrimal secretion and expression of apoptosis genes in the lachrymal gland in ovariectomized rat.MethodsSixty-four female Wistar rats were divided into normal contol group,sham operation group and experiment group randomly.Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in the rats of the experiment group and only partial fat tissue in abdominal cavity was cut in the sham operation group.Lacrimal secretion (Schirmer Ⅰ test),tear film breakup time (BUT) and corneal fluorescence staining examinations were measured in all rats before and 1,2,3,4 and 5 months after the operation.Corn oil,estrogen and androgen were systemically and topically applied 5 months after the operation for six weeks in the OVX experiment group.The experimental rats were sacrificed and the lachrymal glands were obtained for pathohistological examination.The serum estrogen and androgen levels were detected before and 5 months after the operation and before death.The expressions of bax and bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in the different groups.ResultsThe serum estrogen and androgen levels were significantly decreased after OVX in comaprison with before OVX (P＜0.05).The BUT was obviously shorter in the 1 month after OVX group (P＜0.05).The result of the Schirmer Ⅰ test decreased to 50% in 3 months after OVX (P＜0.01).Corneal fluorescence staining showed positive staining 4 months after OVX and stronger staining 5 months after OVX.In the sixth week after use of androgen,the results of BUT and Schirmer Ⅰ test were considerably decreased but stronger corneal fluorescence straining was seen.However,a complete contrary outcome was found in systemic androgen treatment rats.The expression of bax in lacrimal epithelium cells was increased after estrogen treatment and declinded after androgen treatment.The expression of bcl-2 in lacrimal epithelium cells was declinded after estrogen treatment and increased after androgen treatment.ConclusionIt is supposed that decrease of lacrimal secretion in OVX rats is associated with the decrease of serum androgen.The treatment with androgen can improve lacrimal secretion and decrease the expression of apoptosis gene in lachrymal gland in ovariectomized rat.The apoptosis of lachrymal gland epithelium is one of mechanisms of dry eye.

This paper was aimed to study effects of diosgenin on expressions of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in synovial tissues of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats induced by bovine type II collagen, in order to investigate the possible mechanism of herbal medicine diosgenin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After the CIA rats models were successfully established, rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, CIA model group, diosgenin group, and positive medicine control (tripterygium) group. The in situ hybridization was used to detect the expressions of AP-1 (c-fos and c-jun) in synovial tissues of the knee joint. The real-time PCR was used to detect the VEGF mRNA expression in synovial tissues of rats’ knee joints. The results showed that c-jun and c-fos, VEGF mRNA expressions in synovial tissues of rats’ knee joints were obviously higher than that of the blank control group (P<0.01). After treatment of diosgenin and tripterygium, the expressions of c-jun and c-fos, VEGF mRNA were significantly reduced (P<0.01). It was concluded that diosgenin may regulate the expression of VEGF in synovial tissues through c-jun and c-fos of AP-1 in order to inhibit synovial angiogenesis for the treatment of RA.