OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the setting-up of the current pharmacovigilance(PV)system.METHODS:The characteristics of the setup of the PV system in both US and France were analyzed and the problems encountered in current monitoring system of adverse drug effects were pointed out.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Both American and French PV systems have their own advantages and we should learn from it and draw useful experiences from them.In constructing PV system,China should make improvement in organization,communication,financial resource and information technology etc.

In order to have a better understanding of the relation between vertical dimension and occlusal force,a meter was made by means of straingauge.Five Japanese men were investi- gated for occlusal force at different vertical dimensions.The measurements showed that the maximal occlusal force of the posterior teeth occured at 8 to 15mm or the vertical dimension, the maximal occlusal forec of the anterior teeth occured at 13 to 18mm.This indicated that the occlusal force was closely related to the state of jaw closing muscle.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Cucurbita ; chemistry ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Lipids ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Rats

BACKGROUND: Vitapex is an injectable root canal filling material. It possesses effects of antibiosis, analgesia, as well as promotes formation of alveolar bone, dentin and cementum, which had been widely used in apexification. However, it also has weakness of long induction time and need reduplicated subsequent visit.OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Vitapex paste on apexification.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The contrast observation experiment was performed at the Department of Stomatology,Shenyang Children's Hospital from February 2006 to November 2008.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 42 patients with 49 teeth were included in this study, including 28 anterior maxilla and 21 premolars.The X-ray film showed that the root tip of teeth was immature.METHODS: The teeth were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=24), which was apexificated by MTA and Vitapex paste, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effective rate of two groups was compared at months 3, 6 and 12 after operation.RESULTS: All teeth were included in the final analysis. The effective rate of experimental group was greater than the control group at 3 months after operation, and the difference had significant (P < 0.05), while, the effective rate was similar in two groups at 6 and 12 months after operation (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Both MTA and Vitapex paste are ideal filling materials in apexfication. Nevertheless, MTA may be a substitute in apexfication for its short therapy duration and precisely therapeutic effect.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of small non-protein-coding RNAs, approximately 18 to 25 nt long. MicroRNAs can act as endogenous RNA interference. MicroRNAs can posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of hundreds of their target genes, controlling a wide range of biological functions such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. MicroRNAs can posttranscdptionally regulate the expression of genes by hybridizing to complementary sequences in 3' UTR (3' untranslated region) of target messenger RNA (mRNA), repressing the translation of mRNA or increasing the instability of mRNA. A number of miRNAs are mapped to cancer-associated fragile regions (FRAs) as well as in minimal regions of loss of heterozygosity, minimal regions of amplification, or common breakpoint regions in the genome, suggesting that miRNAs might be involved in tumorigenesis. Many miRNAs are up or down-regulated in cancers as potential oncogene or tumor suppressors. It has been considered that the mutation of a series of oncogene or anti-oncogene gradually causes tumorigenesis. The conventional points of view were changed with the finding of non-protein-coding RNAs. MiRNA as members of non-protein-coding RNAs may play an important role in regulating tumor formation. Recent studies have in-vestigated the relationship of miRNAs with neoplasia, development, treatment and prognosis. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths all over the world. Its etiology is primarily genetic and epigenetic damage caused by tobacco smoke. Systematic analysis of RNA and protein expression levels of thousands of genes has also contributed to defining the molecular net work of lung carcinogenesis. MiRNAs are closely related to lung cancer and play an important part in the diagnosis, therapy, surveillance and prognosis of lung cancer. We reviewed some miRNAs closely associated with lung cancer such as miRNA-126, miRNA-221, miRNA-222, has-mir-221, a polycistronic microRNA cluster miR-17-92, miRNA-128b, has-mir-137, has-mir-182, has-mir-372 and miRNA let-7. We summarized the roles of miRNAs in the genetic susceptibility, invasion or metastasis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of lung cancer.

Objective　To study the effects of deliberated hypotension combined with acute simple hemodilution on blood loss,postoperative hemoglubin of the patients undergoing spinal side(back) protrude correction(SSP).Methods　Twenty four ASA grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ patients undergoing elective SSP were randomly divided into two groups:control group(n＝12) and hypotensive group(n＝12).The all patients received with general anesthesia.In the hypotensive group:acute simple hemodilution was accomplished with infusion of lactated Ringer's solution and Gelofusine of as three times as blood loss.Deliberated hypotensin was induced and maintained with 0.01% sodium nitroprusside 2～6μg/kg/min iv.Intraoperative blood loss,blood transfused volume during operation and postoperative hemoglobin were recorded and compared between both groups.Results　 Blood loss was about 51% lower in the deliberated hypotensive group than that in the control group at the end operation.The average volume of transfused blood during operation was(1200±140)ml in control group,blood transfusion was(400±128)ml in the hypotensive groups.Conclusion Deliberated hypotension combined with acute simple hemodilution can significantly decrease the intraoperative blood loss and the SSP operation can be better tolerated for the indicated patients.

Objective To explore the strategies for nursing the ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients with fractures of thoracolumbar vertebra combined with kyphotic deformity treated with osteotomy and internal fixation.Method The nursing histories of 8 AS patients with fractures of thoracolumbar vertebra combined with kyphotic deformity treated with osteotomy and internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the nursing strategies.Result All the 8 patients lived through the perioperative periods, with kyphotic derformity corrected and no complications like pulmonary or urinary system infections.Conclusion Pertinent care and effective special instructions to the patients may be clinically effective in improvement of heal rates of fractures of thoracolumbar vertebra combined with kyphotic deformity,reduction of complications and facilitation of their rehabilitation.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the collective self-esteem scale for freshman.Methods 800 freshmen finished the Collective Self-Esteem Scale,the Life Satisfaction Scale,and Self-esteem Scale.Results The confirmatory factor analysis shows that collective esteem includes membership esteem,private collective esteem,public collective esteem,and importance to identiy intemal consistency a of the scale and the 4 components of the scale ale between0.6357and 0.8369.All components of the scale except importance to identity have significantly positive correlation with life satisfaction and self-esteem.(0.14＜r＜0.41,P＜0.01).Gids have more scores than boys in total collective esteem(t=3.38,P＜0.01),Private CSE and Importance to Identity (t=3.32,P＜0.01).Conclusion The revised collective self-esteem scale for freshmen has sound reliability and validity.It is a good instrument for measuring collective self-esteem of Chinese freshman.

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a common characteristic of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) , and initiates important signal transduction pathways in carcinogenesis. Now the EGFR is a validated target for cancer therapies in HNSCC. However, the effect of EGFR-targeted therapies is only modest because of primary and/or acquired resistance. Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors may establish new treatment options to overcome resistance. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the strategies to overcome it were summarized.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; ErbB Receptors ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

This study was aimed to investigate the seed protein of different forms ofTrichosanthis fructus from Shandong province. UV analyzer was used to analyze the seed protein content. PAGE fingerprint was drawn by Biosens Gel Imaging System software. The Jaccard coefficient was worked out by using NTSYS-pc software. A cluster dendrogram of different samples was established based on unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA). The results showed that the content of different samples was obviously different. But there were many common bands in the fingerprints of PAGE. It was concluded that the content of seed protein cannot be used as the main index to evaluate the quality ofTrichosanthis fructus. The common bands in fingerprints of PAGE can be used to identifyTrichosanthis fructus.