Objectives: The incidence of perinatal, especially early neonatal mortality, has not been reducing in the western region of Mongolia, therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify causes and risk factors for early neonatal mortality in the western region of Mongolia. Methods: A case-control study for neonatal mortality was conducted in 5 hospitals in western Mongolia in 2014. Cases and controls were chosen from the hospitals. Associated causes and risk factors for early neonatal mortality were identified with subgroup binary logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 7749 live births occurred during the study period. The early neonatal mortality rate was 11.3 per 1000 births. Obstetric complications, obstetric chronic history, abruption of placenta, preeclampsia and maternal diseases influenced early neonatal mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome (OR=29.4; 95% CI, 12.78-67.65, p<0.05), perinatal asphyxia (OR=5.2; 95% CI, 2.81-9.63, p≤0.001), congenital malformation (OR=39.2; 95% CI, 5.11-302.1) and perinatal infections (OR =11.1; 95% CI, 3.64-34.28, p≤0.001) were the leading causes of newborn death in the first week. Conclusion: Overall, high rates of neonatal death demonstrate the need to improve the quality of health care and the control of delivery and factors influencing early neonatal mortality should be studied further at the national level.

Objective: This study examines the job satisfaction of Mongolian hospital nurses by comparing their status and workload of Mongolian nurses with Japanese nurses’ one.Settings and participants/Methods: Survey data were collected from randomly selected 200 nurses (100 were Mongolians and the other 100 were Japanese) who agreed to participate in the survey. Data were collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire. Survey items were age, the duration of work experience, work position, health condition, accumulated fatigue, stress level, and whether having family members who need child care or nursing care. Collected data were analyzed by t-test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.Results: The average age of Mongolian nurses was significantly lower than that of Japanese nurses. Consequently, the average work experience of Mongolian nurses was less than that of Japanese nurses. More Japanese than Mongolian nurses had family members in need of care. Job satisfaction and status were significantly higher among Japanese than Mongolian nurses. However, Japanese nurses have family members who need child care or nursing care at a higher rate than Mongolian nurses. Job satisfaction of Japanese nurses about their work and job status was significantly higher than Mongolian nurses’ one. However, the opposite result was found in the job satisfaction about their workload. The influence of the relationships among nurses on the job satisfaction was significantly greater in Mongolian nurses than in Japanese nurses. Job satisfaction of Japanese nurses about their salaries was significantly higher than Mongolian nurses’ one.Conclusion: In order to raise nurses’ job satisfaction in Mongolia, it is necessary to raise their “occupational status” and salary of nurses.

Background: Mining is a major source of income, economic benefits, and job creation; however, it remains one of the most hazardous occupations in terms of health. Physically demanding, labor-intensive, hot, humid, noisy, and dusty work environments have a negative impact on the physical and psychological health of mine workers. Several factors, including age, gender, years of service, workload, stress, and fatigue, can affect sleep quality. Lack of sleep can lead to poor concentration, reduced alertness, impaired decision-making, and an increased risk of workplace injuries. While many studies have explored sleep quality and its risk factors in the general population, few have focused specifically on miners. This gap is the primary motivation for conducting the present study. Aim: To examine the risk factors affecting the sleep quality of dayshift workers at Baganuur Joint Stock Company. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 129 day-shift workers from Baganuur Joint Stock Company and was conducted between October and November 2023. Sleep quality was assessed using the 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Among the study participants, 86% (n = 111) were male. A total of 58.9% had been employed for less than 10 years, and 86% were always on call during non-working hours. Overall, 51.2% of the participants had poor sleep quality. Female gender (55.0%, p = 0.032) and being always on call during non-working hours (93.9%, p = 0.008) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being female increased the risk of poor sleep quality (OR = 0.315, 95% CI = 0.105–0.944, p = 0.039). Conclusions 1. The majority of participants (51.2%) reported poor sleep quality, 2. Gender and being on call during non-working hours were significantly associated with reduced sleep quality among day-shift miners.