BACKGROUND: One of the confronted problems of health branch of Mongolia is to confirm pregnancy and delivery to health of mother and baby and to decrease early neonatal mortality and stillbirth. Rate of perinatal mortality becomes real index of health and quality of health care. In the world more than 6 million perinatal mortality and 2.6 million stillbirths occur in 1000 birth every year. In Mongolia last year’s birth increases and perinatal mortality hasn’t been decreased yet. By 2013 perinatal mortality of country and aimag 14.4 per 1000 birth, in eastern and khangai and central regions and Ulaanbaatar (UB) city it is fewer than the above mentioned average, but the western region it is 17.5 or 3.1 î/îî higher than average rate. GOAL: To study current situation of perinatal mortality in western region of Mongolia MATERIAL AND METHODS: On the base of statistical dates of perinatal mortality of Health indicators and dates of health authorities of western region of Mongolia in 2004-2013 we considered indications of stillbirth from 22 weeks of gestation and early neonatal mortality by trend criteria. RESULTS: In the period of last 10 years in the western region of Mongolia totally 94810 mothers gave a birth, perinatal mortality is 2347 or 24.7 per 1000 birth. 57.7% of total perinatal mortality is stillbirth and 42.3% is early neonatal mortality. Among 5 aimags of region in Bayn-Ulgii stillbirth is the highest (77.2%), in Gobi-Altai aimag early neonatal mortality is the highest (70.3%). Dates show that perinatal mortality rate is different among western region’s aimags. Trends of Mongolian western region’s perinatal mortality rate till 2016 years will increase in Zavkhan aimag by 8.6, and in Khovd aimag by 0.9; and in other aimags will decrease. CONCLUSION: Although perinatal mortality decreases in western region of Mongolia, it is always higher than average rate of country. Therefore it is necessary to improve quality of antenatal and prenatal care. By doing this trend of increasing and decreasing will become stable and further it will be decreased.

Introduction: The researchers have identified that shift work of nurses can have a direct impact on health, well-being, performance, and organizational outcomes. In countries with self sustainable and highly developed nursing science it was established that shift duration of hospital nurses lasts for 8 hours, (Gordon, Cleary, Parker, & Czeisler, 1986; Labyak, 2002; Lee, 1992). Thus, it was recognized having importance that day and night shift nurses would have health issues depending on the shift work schedule and it seemed inevitable to perform studies on schedule work performance. Goal: The purpose of the study is to identify impacts on the health of night shift nurses, and identification of strengths and weaknesses of night shift work of nursesObjectives:1. To identify the initiative and work load of shift nurses,2. To identify the impact of shift work to health of shift nurses,3. To identify the strength and weaknesses of shift workMaterials and Methods: The research was performed on the basis of using Questionnaire, Focus group discussion and Checklists. Comparative research was done on the basis of P criteria; P if < Î.05 then it was estimated that possibility is correct. The research was performed through using software such as EXCEL 2007, SPSS.Results: The results of the research and studies are revealed that 28.3% of participants complained about fatigue, 22.5% of participants complained about having sleep disorder, 16.7 % of participants complained about having headaches, while according to the japans studies 21% of participants complained about fatigue, 29% of participants complained about having sleep disorder, 16% of participants complained about having backaches. Conclusions:1. The active conscience of shift nurses were studied and it was concluded that night shift nurses are less active (40%), and experiencing fatigue (53.3%) than day shift nurses. Also, it was observed that 53.3% of participants experienced heavy work load at day shift, while 41.7% of participants in the study experienced high load of work during night shift.2. The studies revealed that 73.35 of night shift nurses are experiencing fatigue, aches, have sleep disorder, headaches, foot aches, and stomachaches. Performing statistical comparison it was revealed that fatigue, aches, have sleep disorder had statistical probability at p< 0.05.3. The strength of night shift is in higher pay rate, which is higher than regular salary rate answered 75 % of participants, day off is longer answered 62.5 % of participants, while 69.2 % of participants answered that are experiencing general fatigue and 56.2 % of participants are having digestion problems.

JUSTIFICATION: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.6 million children under the age of five died in 2012 - more than 750 every hour. Most of these children could survive and thrive with access to simple, affordable interventions. The loss of a child is a tragedy - families suffer and human potential is wasted. WHO is improving child health by helping countries deliver integrated, effective care in a continuum, starting with a healthy pregnancy for the mother, through birth and care up to five years of age. Investing in health systems is important to delivering this essential care [1, 2]. GOAL: To study perinatal mortality, this is the most important reason of infant mortality in Mongolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted reviewing data from 2007-2011 using the ICD code P00-P96 [4] listing “certain conditions originating in the perinatal period”. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info 2000 and GIS software. RESULTS: Data from 2007-2011 showed that 3091 neonates died from conditions originating in the perinatal period and of these 58.7% (1814) were males. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that the leading causes of death were “respiratory and cardiovascular disorders during the perinatal period” (ICD code P20-P29). More specifically, the causes were: - Birth asphyxia (P21) - Respiratory distress of newborn (P22) - Congenital pneumonia (P23) CONCLUSION: National average deaths per 1,000 live births in Mongolia are 9.5—with the highest rates reported in Dornogovi, Uvurkhangai, Bayankhongor, Gobi Altai, Uvs, Zavkhan and Khovsgol.

The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses a number of injurious processes, including an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs to inhaled particles and gases. Other processes, such as failure to resolve inflammation, abnormal cell repair, apoptosis, abnormal cellular maintenance programs, extracellular matrix destruction (protease/antiprotease imbalance), and oxidative stress (oxidant/antioxidant imbalance) also have a role. The inflammatory responses to the inhalation of active and passive tobacco smoke and urban and rural air pollution are modified by genetic and epigenetic factors. The subsequent chronic inflammatory responses lead to mucus hypersecretion, airway remodeling, and alveolar destruction. This article provides an update on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes in the pathogenesis of COPD. During the past decade a plethora of studies have unravelled the multiple roles of nitric oxide (NO) in airway physiology and pathophysiology. In the respiratory tract, NO is produced by a wide variety of cell types and is generated via oxidation ofL-arginine that is catalyzed by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). NOS exist in three distinct are forms: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). NO derived from the constitutive are forms of NOS (nNOS and eNOS) and other NO-adduct molecules (nitrosothiols) have been shown to be modulators of bronchomotor tone. On the other hand, NO derived from iNOS seems to be a proinflammatory mediator with immunomodulatory effects. Finally, the production of NO under oxidative stress conditions secondarily generates strong oxidizing agents (reactive nitrogen species) that may modulate the development of chronic inflammatory airway diseases and/or amplify the inflammatory response.

BACKGROUNDThe study was based on the reason that skills, attitude and knowledge of the nurses who are working in healthcare organizations do not satisfy customers and to assess undergraduate nursing curriculum.METHOD306 nurses and specialist are involved. Nursing curriculums of Vermont University of USA, Yonsei University of Korea, National College of Nursing, Japan and Ulaanbaatar University of Mongolia are compared and studied with our curriculum.RESULTStudy shows that curriculum contents of School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences have comparatively less contents of understanding about healthy person, assessment on human, giving advice healthy human, path anatomy, physiology, communication skills.CONCLUSION42% of participants assessed their knowledge at the low level. Curriculum credits of School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences is 142, comparatively much more than other schools shows that the need of innovation to the curriculum of nursing bachelor degree.

IntroductionDigestive system diseases are accounted in 4th place of the causes of mortality that are might caused by Mongolian climates and the features of food nutrition. It is a very important to obtain the natural herbal drug which has less side effect, use in medical practice for an appropriated disorder. Therefore we are put an aim of obtain a new drug from Sanguissorba officinalis L. for the treatment of diarrhea. This herbal plant grows in botanical and geographical provinces such as Khangai, Khentii, Khuvsgul, Mongol Daguur and widely distributed in Mongolia. Sanguissorba officinalis L. containes tannin substance up to 20%. Rhizome, herbs, flowers of Sanguissorba officinalis L. are widely used for the Mongolian, Tibetan, Russian, German, Korean, Poland, Hungarian traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders and haemostatic. This study and research work was done by Pharmaceutical Technology and Management Department of School of Pharmacy, HSUM.GoalThe aim of the study is to solve the problem of technology to obtain a tablet formulation from Sanguissorba officinalis L.Materials and MethodsWe collected and dried the flowers of Sanguissorba officinalis L. in Kherlen soum, Dornod province on August of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Choice of the optimal extragent, suitable extraction method was defined by I.A.Muraviev, U.G. Pshukov methods. The fraction of granules were determined using the method by Kozein, the bulk density of granules was determined method by Lusy Wan Cheng, to obtain tablets used by wet granulation method, to establish quality criteria of liquid extract and tablets by Mongolian National First Pharmacopeia, and the statistic analyses were done by SPSS-17 programme, using t-criteria of Student Fischer.ResultWe had extracted liquid extract from flowers of Sanguissorba officinalis L. and it has been extracted by repercolation method German pharmacopeia modification. The technological parameters of liquid extract are the main important index to calculate the extragent correctly, to establish the material balance exactly, to extract the process efficiently, to develop technological regimentation and to base account of economical benefit. We determined the technological parameters as the optimal extragent is 40% ethanol; the effective extracting method is repercolation method German Pharmacopeia modification. For the development of tablets by wet granulation method from liquid extract using various binders and choose the optimal bender was mix starch and methylcellulose past. Tablets from Sanguissorba officinalis L. was standardized by such criteria, as the amount of biologically active compound, appearance, hardness, friability, average weight, weight variation, disintegration, dissolution, amount of heavy metals and microbiological contamination by Mongolian National First Pharmacopeia.ConclusionThe result of the study was done the technological parameters of liquid extract of Sanguissorba officinalis L. such as the optimal extragent, the effective extracting method. As the result of determining these parameters, it has much practical significance for establishing the technological condition to extract the biological active compounds completely from flowers of Sanguissorba officinalis L. In the result of the study to obtain tablets from fluid extract of Sanguissorba officinalis L. has been developed and the quality criteria has been defined.

Nursing is the largest group of health system, possessing considerable potential power that could be influential on the quality of health care services system. One of the important aspects of the development of nursing education and promotion of nursing strategies is a positive attitudeof nursing students. The present study was determine the attitude and perception toward the nursing profession.A cross-sectional study design was used. 496 nursing students from School of Nursing, HSUM,Ach, Etugen, Nursing Faculty, Ulaanbaatar university and Enerel medical institute were involved in this study using a nursing professional attitude and perception questionnaire. 5,65% of participating 496 nursing students were (n=28) male, and 94,35% (n=468) were female. 64% (n=316) of them studies for a bachelor degree, and 36% (180) for a diploma in nursing. Most of them or 85,28 % students have evaluated this profession is the most responsibility. And72,58% of them think after graduating will be that very satisfied. 86,09 % nursing students think that is very pleasure profession for helping patients. In generally these results had showed that most students had positive attitude toward their profession but we have revealed that 40,9% (203) of nursing students wanted to change theirfield.

Neonatal mortality is declining in our FIRST MATERNAL HOSPITAL last few years but the number of preterm babies are increasing. Globally, the main causes of neonatal deaths are preterm birth complications (35 per cent), intrapartum-related complications (complications during labor and delivery) (24 per cent), and sepsis (15 per cent). Together, these three causes account for almost three quarters of all neonatal deaths.We have analyzed 51 medical records who have died in neonatal intensive care unit of Urgoo maternal hospital. 23 questionnaries were analyzed.Premature infant deaths basis of the mother’s birth disorders and mother abnormality. Furthermore, abruption placenta 25.1%, caesarian section 57.1%, hypertonus–21.4%.Prevention of fetal lung under development treatment did not affect 67.8% mortality. Chronic hypoxia is 46.4%, not a day mortality 25.4%, treating was 1–3 days mortality rate is 57.1% is the ability to live shows children die. Compared treated for complications premature infant mortality is 14.2%, causes premature infant mortality is ischemia of brain.Based on the study of maternal hospital mortality in the treatment of premature infants most important thing is CPAP machine it is premature to reduce infant mortality 30.7per cent. Is necessary to use with respiratory distress syndrome infant most important thing is surfactant treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Gonadotropins are released under the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from thearcuate nucleus and preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The gonads — testes and ovaries — are the primary targetorgans for LH and FSH. The gonadotropins affect multiple cell types and elicit multiple responses from the targetorgans. As a simplified generalization, LH stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes and the theca cells of the ovaries to produce testosterone (and indirectly estradiol), while FSH stimulates the spermatogenic tissue of the testes andthe granulosa cells of ovarian follicles.Reproductive aging is endocrinologically characterized by a progressive rise in serum FSH levels associated with adecrease in serum estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels. The rise in FSH is associated with reduced levels of sexsteroid and peptide negative feedback regulators of FSH secretion.The aim of study is: determination of serum FSH level changes in relation to aging and sex.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study were involved 169 healthy Mongolian adults aged above 45 years old. Subjectswere randomly selected and undergone physical examination by geriatrician. People, who are receiving hormonereplacement therapy, using inproper use of alcohol, injured and had surgery were excluded from our surgery. Bloodsamples were collected in the early morning (8.30–10.30 AM) after an all night fast and plasma was separatedimmediately by centrifugation; then sera obtained were stored at -20°C until assayed by ELISA kit from United BiotechCoLTD, USA, which sensitivity is 1mIU/ml. Statistical analyses have been performed by statistical software SPSS 16,using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, T-test.RESULT: Mean level of FSH for both sexes was 21.19±16.2 mIU/ml, which is in comparison with males (12.33±10.58mIU/ml) it was comparatively higher (p<0.001) in women (29.61±16.15 mIU/ml). FSH has no correlation with aging inman (r=0.084, p>0.05), but in women it was stronger correlation (r=0.203, p<0.05). in 51-60 years age group FSH wasincreased by 56%, in 61-65 years group by 91%, in 66-70 years group it was increased 100% in comparison with until50 years age group. In older age (above 70 years) it decreased to 70% from reached concentration. ANOVA analysishas not showed significant difference between age groups.CONCLUSIONS: Average mean of FSH in old age are: 29.61±16.15 mIU/ml in women and 12.33±10.58 mIU/ml in men.Correlation with aging was observed stronger in women than in man (r=0.203, p<0.05). FSH increases with aging untilround 70 and decreases after 70 years old.