1.Deep learning convolutional neural network algorithms for the early detection and diagnosis of dental caries on periapical radiographs: A systematic review
Nabilla MUSRI ; Brenda CHRISTIE ; Solachuddin Jauhari ARIEF ICHWAN ; Arief CAHYANTO
Imaging Science in Dentistry 2021;51(3):237-242
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to analyse and review deep learning convolutional neural networks for detecting and diagnosing early-stage dental caries on periapical radiographs.
Materials and Methods:
In order to conduct this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies published from 2015 to 2021 under the keywords (deep convolutional neural network) AND (caries), (deep learning caries) AND (convolutional neural network) AND (caries) were systematically reviewed.
Results:
When dental caries is improperly diagnosed, the lesion may eventually invade the enamel, dentin, and pulp tissue, leading to loss of tooth function. Rapid and precise detection and diagnosis are vital for implementing appropriate prevention and treatment of dental caries. Radiography and intraoral images are considered to play a vital role in detecting dental caries; nevertheless, studies have shown that 20% of suspicious areas are mistakenly diagnosed as dental caries using this technique; hence, diagnosis via radiography alone without an objective assessment is inaccurate. Identifying caries with a deep convolutional neural network-based detector enables the operator to distinguish changes in the location and morphological features of dental caries lesions. Deep learning algorithms have broader and more profound layers and are continually being developed, remarkably enhancing their precision in detecting and segmenting objects.
Conclusion
Clinical applications of deep learning convolutional neural networks in the dental field have shown significant accuracy in detecting and diagnosing dental caries, and these models hold promise in supporting dental practitioners to improve patient outcomes.
2.Effects of Triterpenoids from Luvunga scandens on Cytotoxic, Cell Cycle Arrest and Gene Expressions in MCF-7 Cells.
Muhammad TAHER ; Putri Nur Hidayah AL-ZIKRI ; Deny SUSANTI ; Solachuddin Jauhari Arief ICHWAN ; Mohamad Fazlin REZALI
Natural Product Sciences 2016;22(4):293-298
Plant-derived triterpenoids commonly possesses biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-cancer. Luvunga scandens is one of the plant that produced triterpenoids. The aims of the study was to analyze cell cycle profile and to determine the expression of p53 unregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), caspase-8 and caspase-9 genes at mRNA level in MCF-7 cell line treated with two triterpenoids, flindissol (1) and 3-oxotirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic-acid (2) isolated from L. scandens. The compounds were tested for cell cycle analysis using flow cytometer and mRNA expression level using quantitative RT-PCR. The number of MCF-7 cells population which distributed in Sub G1 phase after treated with compound 1 and 2 were 7.7 and 9.3% respectively. The evaluation of the expression of genes showed that both compounds exhibited high level of expression of PUMA, caspase-8 and caspase-9 as normalized to β-actin via activation of those genes. In summary, the isolated compounds of L. scandens plant showed promising anticancer properties in MCF-7 cell lines.
Apoptosis
;
Caspase 8
;
Caspase 9
;
Cell Cycle Checkpoints*
;
Cell Cycle*
;
Flow Cytometry
;
G1 Phase
;
Gene Expression*
;
MCF-7 Cells*
;
Plants
;
Puma
;
RNA, Messenger
3.In Vitro Cytotoxicity Analysis of Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
Siti Aisyah Nadirah Ja&rsquo ; apar ; Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan ; Musliana Mustaffa
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2022;17(2):209-224
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of four bioceramic root canal sealers (bioceramic sealers): GuttaFlow
Bioseal (GB), MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal Bioceramic root canal sealer (CS), and iRoot SP root canal sealer
(iRSP). The viability of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these
bioceramic sealers. HGF cells were cultured and exposed to bioceramic sealer extracts for 24 hours, 48
hours and 72 hours at 37°C in an incubator humidified with 5% CO2. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,
5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or MTT assay was conducted to determine cell viability at each incubation
period and compared among all bioceramic sealers. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant
differences between the positive control group and MTA Fillapex, MTA Fillapex and GB, and between GB
and iRSP with p < 0.05. However, no statistical differences were found in cell viability for each material
across all the incubation periods. GB was the least cytotoxic bioceramic sealer with cell viability exceeding
90% throughout the 72-hour incubation followed by CS, iRSP, and MTA Fillapex with non-cytotoxicity
after 72-hour incubation, mild cytotoxicity after 72-hour incubation, and mild cytotoxicity after 72-hour
incubation, respectively. However, iRSP showed moderate cytotoxicity, and MTA Fillapex was severely
cytotoxic (< 30% cell viability) after 24-hour incubation.
Root Cause Analysis
;
Dental Pulp Test
4.FLAXSEED (LINUM USITATISSIMUM) EXTRACT ACTIVITY ON HUMAN ORAL FIBROBLASTS (HOrF) CELL LINE
Sama Naziyah Shaban ; Khairani Idah Mokhtar ; Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan ; Abdelkader Elbadawy Abbas Ashour ; Basma Ezzat Mustafa Alahmad
Annals of Dentistry 2020;27(1):50-54
Natural products have demonstrated various activities beneficial to general health. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) has been reported in many studies for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, flaxseed extracts have skin wound healing activity and potential for treating oral ulcers. L. usitatissimum was extracted using 70% ethanol via soxhlet method and gas chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS) was used to analyze the components of L. usitatissimum extract. The crude flaxseed oil were applied to human oral fibroblasts (HOrF), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess the cell viability after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Scratched HOrF cells were treated with crude flaxseed oil and healing was monitored per wound healing assay. GC-MS indicate that the major components present in L. usitatissimum oil extract are linolic, palmitic and oleic acid. L. usitatissimum crude oil extract showed high proliferation effect on HOrF cells at 24 and 48 hours, while the highest proliferation effect was recorded at 72 hours post-treatment. The wound healing assay results showed that healing activity of HOrF cells occurred as soon as 18 hours post-treatment when treated with L. usitatissimum crude oil extract. L. usitatissimum crude oil extract has proliferating and healing effects on HOrF cell line. Therefore, it can be considered as a potential promising oral wound healing agent.
5.Nutraceuticals as potential therapeutic agents for colon cancer: a review.
Palaniselvam KUPPUSAMY ; Mashitah M YUSOFF ; Gaanty Pragas MANIAM ; Solachuddin Jauhari Arief ICHWAN ; Ilavenil SOUNDHARRAJAN ; Natanamurugaraj GOVINDAN
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014;4(3):173-181
Colon cancer is a world-wide health problem and the second-most dangerous type of cancer, affecting both men and women. The modern diet and lifestyles, with high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use, along with limited physical activity has led to an increasing mortality rate for colon cancer worldwide. As a result, there is a need to develop novel and environmentally benign drug therapies for colon cancer. Currently, nutraceuticals play an increasingly important role in the treatment of various chronic diseases such as colon cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer׳s disease. Nutraceuticals are derived from various natural sources such as medicinal plants, marine organisms, vegetables and fruits. Nutraceuticals have shown the potential to reduce the risk of colon cancer and slow its progression. These dietary substances target different molecular aspects of colon cancer development. Accordingly, this review briefly discusses the medicinal importance of nutraceuticals and their ability to reduce the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis.