OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Qihuang needle therapy for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children with sleep disorder. METHODS: A total of 60 ASD children with sleep disorder were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with structured education intervention, 60 min each time, once a day, 6 times a week. Qihuang needle therapy was applied at Yintang (GV24⁺), Baihui (GV20) and bilateral Jueyinshu (BL14), Xinshu (BL15) in the observation group, multi-direction needling was delivered and without needle retaining. The treatment was given 2 times a week, each treatment was delivered at interval of 2 days at least. Behavioral intervention was adopted in the control group. Treatment for consecutive 12 weeks was required in both groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), the autism behavior checklist (ABC), the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), and the childhood autism behavior scale (CABS) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the scores of CSHQ, ABC, CARS and CABS were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), and the above scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Qihuang needle therapy can effectively treat ASD with sleep disorder, improve the core symptoms of ASD and the sleep quality.
Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Child, Preschool ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture Points ; Treatment Outcome ; Sleep ; Needles

The zebrafish model has attracted much attention due to its strong reproductive ability, short research cycle, and ease of maintenance. It has always been an important vertebrate model system, often used to carry out human disease research. Its motor behavior features have the advantages of being simpler, more intuitive, and quantifiable. In recent years, it has received widespread attention in the study of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of sleep disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, fatigue, epilepsy, and other diseases. This paper reviews the characteristics of zebrafish motor behavior and its applications in the pharmacodynamic verification and mechanism research of TCM extracts, active ingredients, and TCM compounds, as well as in active ingredient screening and safety evaluation. The paper also analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, with the aim of improving the breadth and depth of zebrafish and its motor behavior applications in the field of TCM research.
Zebrafish/physiology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods* ; Animals ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Epilepsy/physiopathology* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology* ; Fatigue/physiopathology* ; Behavior, Animal/physiology* ; Motor Activity/physiology*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of sleep disorders in school-age children with asthma, providing a scientific basis for improving sleep quality and quality of life of asthmatic children. METHODS: This study selected school-age children with asthma admitted to the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2022 to March 2024 as subjects. A questionnaire was used to assess their sleep conditions, and based on the assessment results, the participants were divided into a sleep disorder group (106 children) and a non-sleep disorder group (181 children). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of sleep disorders in asthmatic children. RESULTS: A total of 287 asthmatic children were included, of which 106 (36.9%) had sleep disorders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being older than 10 years, obesity, poor medication adherence, unhealthy family functioning, passive smoking, and participation in only some physical activities were all risk factors for sleep disorders in school-aged children with asthma (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of sleep disorders in school-age children with asthma is relatively high and influenced by multiple factors, including age, obesity, poor medication adherence, unhealthy family functioning, passive smoking, and limited participation in physical activities. To improve the sleep quality and quality of life of asthmatic children, corresponding intervention measures should be implemented targeting these influencing factors.
Humans ; Asthma/complications* ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology* ; Logistic Models ; Quality of Life ; Adolescent ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and integrate evidence on the management of sleep disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Literature was retrieved based on the 6S model, and evidence related to sleep disorder management in children with ADHD was extracted from the included references. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were included, from which 16 pieces of evidence were extracted. Of these, 6 were classified as Level 1 evidence and 10 as Level 5. The evidence covered screening, assessment, non-pharmacological interventions, pharmacological interventions, follow-up, and multidisciplinary collaboration. CONCLUSIONS This study integrated evidence on the management of sleep disorders in children with ADHD using an evidence-based approach, providing an evidence-based foundation for managing sleep disorders in this population.
Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications* ; Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology* ; Child ; Evidence-Based Medicine

Despite that sleep disturbance and poor neurocognitive performance are common complaints among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors, few studies have focused on the effect of post-COVID-19 sleep disturbance (PCSD) on cognitive function. This study aimed to identify the impact of PCSD on neurocognitive function and explore the associated risk factors for the worsening of this condition. This cross-sectional study was conducted via the web-based assessment in Chinese mainland. Neurocognitive function was evaluated by the modified online Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA) and the Number Ordering Test (NOT). Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to match the confounding factors between individuals with and without PCSD. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of PCSD on neurocognitive function. The risk factors associated with worsened neurocognitive performance in PCSD individuals were explored using binary logistic regression. A total of 8692 individuals with COVID-19 diagnosis were selected for this study. Nearly half (48.80%) of the COVID-19 survivors reported sleep disturbance. After matching by PSM, a total of 3977 pairs (7954 individuals in total) were obtained. Univariate analyses revealed that PCSD was related to worse ICA and NOT performance (P<0.05). Underlying disease, upper respiratory infection, loss of smell or taste, severe pneumonia, and self-reported cognitive complaints were associated with worsened neurocognitive performance among PCSD individuals (P<0.05). Furthermore, aging, ethnicity (minority), and lower education level were found to be independent risk factors for worsened neurocognitive performance in PCSD individuals (P<0.05). PCSD was related to impaired neurocognitive performance. Therefore, appropriate prevention and intervention measures should be taken to minimize or prevent PCSD and eliminate its potential adverse effect on neurocognitive function.
Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology* ; Propensity Score ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; Neuropsychological Tests

Objective:To investigate the sleep characteristics and clinical features of patients with vestibular migraine（VM）, and to explore the influencing factors of sleep disorder in VM patients. Methods:A cross-sectional study method was adopted to collect VM patients from Otolaryngology department and neurology department of our hospital from June 2022 to June 2024（divided into sleep disorder group and non-sleep disorder group according to whether there is sleep disorder） as the experimental group, and recruit non-VM volunteers with clinical characteristics matching with the experimental group during the same period as the control group. The clinical data of the subjects were collected, and the sleep quality of the subjects was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）. The influencing factors of sleep disorders in VM patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression, and the correlation between sleep disorders and clinical features such as headache, vertigo and hearing in VM patients was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient. Results:A total of 530 individuals with VM were analyzed, including 332 with sleep disturbances（62.64%）, 198 without sleep issues（37.36%）, and 50 in the control group. The overall PSQI score and all its components were significantly higher in the VM group compared with the control group（P<0.05）. A positive correlation was observed between PSQI and VAS, DHI-T, DHI-E, DHI-F and DHI-P（r=0.797, P<0.05; r=0.834, P<0.05; r=0.794, P<0.05; r=0.771, P<0.05; r=0.877, P<0.05）, PSQI had no correlation with pure tone hearing（r=0.324, P=0.167）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female, age ≥60 years, living alone, duration of disease ≥3 months, motion sickness history, and HADS-A were independent influencing factors for comorbidification of sleep disorder in VM patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion:The prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with vestibular migraine（VM） was significantly higher compared to the control group. Moreover, the severity of sleep disorders was positively correlated with the intensity of headache and vertigo in VM patients. It is recommended that female VM patients aged 60 years or older, living alone, with a disease duration of three months or longer, a history of motion sickness, and anxiety symptoms undergo sleep assessments to determine the presence of sleep disorders. This approach provides a theoretical foundation for precise treatment and prevention strategies for VM.
Humans ; Migraine Disorders/complications* ; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Vertigo ; Female ; Male ; Vestibular Diseases/complications* ; Sleep Quality ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Logistic Models

OBJECTIVES: To assess the regulatory effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on circadian rhythm sleep disorders following general anesthesia and explore its potential mechanism in a rat model of propofol-induced rhythm sleep disorder. METHODS: An electrode was embedded in the skull for cortical EEG recording in 24 male SD rats, which were randomized into control, propofol, CBD treatment, and diazepam treatment groups (n=6). Eight days later, a single dose of propofol (10 mg/kg) was injected via the tail vein with anesthesia maintenance for 3 h in the latter 3 groups, and daily treatment with saline, CBD or diazepam was administered via gavage; the control rats received only saline injection. A wireless system was used for collecting EEG, EMG, and body temperature data within 72 h after propofol injection. After data collection, blood samples and hypothalamic tissue samples were collected for determining serum levels of oxidative stress markers and hypothalamic expressions of the key clock proteins. RESULTS: Compared with the control rats, the rats with CBD treatment showed significantly increased sleep time at night (20:00-6:00), especially during the time period of 4:00-6:00 am. Compared with the rats in propofol group, which had prolonged SWS time and increased sleep episodes during 18:00-24:00 and sleep-wake transitions, the CBD-treated rats exhibited a significant reduction of SWS time and fewer SWS-to-active-awake transitions with increased SWS aspects and sleep-wake transitions at night (24:00-08:00). Diazepam treatment produced similar effect to CBD but with a weaker effect on sleep-wake transitions. Propofol caused significant changes in protein expressions and redox state, which were effectively reversed by CBD treatment. CONCLUSIONS CBD can improve sleep structure and circadian rhythm in rats with propofol-induced sleep disorder possibly by regulating hypothalamic expressions of the key circadian clock proteins, suggesting a new treatment option for perioperative sleep disorders.
Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Cannabidiol/therapeutic use* ; Rats ; Circadian Rhythm/drug effects* ; Propofol/adverse effects* ; Anesthesia, General/adverse effects* ; Sleep Wake Disorders/chemically induced* ; Hypothalamus/metabolism* ; Electroencephalography

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score (PRS) impacts functional networks and symptomology. This study capitalized on data from 11,430 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to explore the interplay between PRS_ADHD, brain function, and behavioral problems, along with their interactive effects. The results showed that children with a higher PRS_ADHD exhibited more severe attention deficits and rule-breaking problems, and experienced sleep disturbances, particularly in initiating and maintaining sleep. We also identified the central executive network, default mode network, and sensory-motor network as the functional networks most associated with PRS and symptoms in ADHD cases, with potential mediating roles. Particularly, the impact of PRS_ADHD was enhanced in children experiencing heightened sleep disturbances, emphasizing the need for early intervention in sleep issues to potentially mitigate subsequent ADHD symptoms.
Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Adolescent ; Child ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are accompanied by motor,behavioral,sensory,and/or cognitive changes,with the clinical manifestations similar to epileptic seizures.This disease is easy to be misdiagnosed and neglected in clinical work.At present,most intervention measures still depend on the experience of clinicians.This article reviews the comorbidities of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures,including mental and cognitive disorders,somatic syndrome,sleep disorders,and epilepsy.This review aims to strengthen the precision of clinical treatment and management of patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and provide more efficient individualized diagnosis and treatment programs for patients.
Humans ; Seizures/diagnosis* ; Comorbidity ; Epilepsy ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Mental Disorders ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Cognition Disorders

Behavioural sleep problems are very common in children and are concerns for many parents. This review discusses normal sleep physiology and sleep development and focuses on common behavioural sleep problems in childhood, including behavioural insomnia of childhood, parasomnias and sleep-related movement disorders, highlighting their clinical features and management. Behavioural insomnia of childhood is characterised by learned difficulties in falling asleep and/or staying asleep. Management includes establishing bedtime routines and behavioural techniques. Parasomnias include confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terrors and nightmares, and these usually resolve with time. Management includes parental reassurance and behavioural interventions such as scheduled awakening. With regards to sleep enuresis, management includes behavioural modifications, enuresis alarm and desmopressin. Sleep-related movement disorders include sleep-related bruxism and sleep-related rhythmic movements, of which body rocking is the most common. Early identification and management of behavioural sleep problems may prevent their negative impact on children as well as their families.
Humans ; Child ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy* ; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications* ; Parasomnias/therapy* ; Sleep/physiology*