Body composition by body voluraetry (water displacement), height, body weight, 5 skinfolds thickness and circumference of 6 body parts were measured in 101 Chinese men. A stepwise regression analysis of these data gave the following regression equations.Body density = 1.11197 - 0.00228S1 - 0.00046S2 - 0.00039S3-Fat(%)= 0.91137S1 + 0.17871S2 + 0.15381S3 - 3.60146S1. S2 and S3 represent the skinfolds thickness of tricepital, subscapular, and suprailiac respectively.Lean body weight = Body weight. (1-Fat%)

OBJECTIVETo analyze the pattern and prevalence of partial copy deletion of deleted-in-azoospermia (DAZ) gene in the azoospermia factor C(AZFc) region of patients with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.

METHODSsY581 and sY587 in DAZ gene region were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) for its deletion in 197 patients with azoospermia, 166 patients with severe oligozoospermia, and 210 fertile men as controls.

RESULTSDeletion of both DAZ1 and DAZ2 was detected in 18 patients with azoospermia and 10 with severe oligozoospermia, and the prevalence was 9.1% and 6.0% respectively. There was significant difference in deletion rate between the cases and controls.

CONCLUSIONThe frequency of partial copy deletion of DAZ gene in Chinese idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia patients is much higher than that of fertile controls, suggesting that the deletion of DAZ1/DAZ2 may be one of the important genetic etiological factors of spermatogenesis damage. The pattern and prevalence of DAZ partial copy deletion are similar to those of Caucasians populations, and detection of DAZ gene partial copy deletion by PCR-RFLP may be adopted as an additional clinical gene diagnostic measure after AZF microdeletion detection.

Azoospermia ; complications ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Deleted in Azoospermia 1 Protein ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; genetics ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics

Objective:To explore the effects of early low frequency electrical stimulation on knee functions after total knee arthroplasty(TKA) .Methods:A total of 42 patients ,who underwent TKA in Zhongshan Hospital ,Fudan University during Oct .2014 and Feb .2015 ,were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=21) and the control group (n=21) .Patients in the control group were treated with rehabilitation exercise ,while patients in the treatment group were treated with low frequency electrical stimulation of quadriceps on the basis of rehabilitation exercise .The evaluation was conducted by using visual analogue scale(VAS) ,American Knee Society knee scoring system(KSS) and absolute value of swelling degree 1 week after the treatment .Results:One week after the rehabilitation treatment ,there were significant differences between the two groups regarding the value of VAS ,swelling degree ,pain ,and range of motor(P<0 .05 or P<0 .01) .However ,there was no significant difference regarding joint stability between the two groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusions:Early low frequency electrical stimulation of quadriceps can significantly improve knee functions after TKA .