Objective To observe the effects of stereotactic implanting depth electrode into the hippocampus on monitoring mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods Thirteen patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy were included in the present study.The epilcptogenic zone might be located in the hippocampus based on the symptoms and MRI data.Eight-contact depth electrode was implanted into the patients' hippocampus by stereotactic procedures to record the electroencephalogram(EEG).The duration of monitoring lasted for 24-72 hours or more,so as to be sure if the epileptogenic zone was located in the hippocampus,and to provide evidences for surgical resection of epileptic focus.Results Thirteen patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy underwent video electroencephalogram monitoring for 72 hours.Twentynine epileptic seizures in 7 patients were detected.Ictal EEG changes manifested as paroxysmal slow wave or spike and slow waves on the background.The epileptiform discharges started from some electrode points,and then propagated to others or the contralateral electrode. After 1-2 seconds of delay,high amplitude slow waves with the frequency of 3-4 Hz were observed on the ipsilateral scalp EEG. Clinical epileptic seizures were not detected in 6 patients during monitoring,depth electrode showed paroxysmal focal high amplitude slow wave or spike and sharp waves,scalp EEG did not find abnormality.Six of thirteen patients received surgical resection of epileptic foci,the outcome during follow-up of 3-8 months was satisfactory.Conclusions To record hippocampal EEG in patients with intractable epilepsy by stereotactic implanting depth electrode into the hippocampus might be a safe and reliable method.It might provide strong evidences for the diagnosis of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy,and for the location of epilcptogenic zone.

Objective To study the effect of animation in the course of medical statistics.Methods By convenience cluster sampling,271 undergraduates in two classes were recruited from the specialty of medical image,medical anesthesia and medical laboratory.The experimental group (n =139) and control group (n =132) were set up randomly.The animation design is only used in the teaching process among the experimental group,while traditional teaching method without animation was used in the control group.All participants were surveyed by questionnaire for the effectiveness after one week of the curriculum closure.SPSS 15.0 software was used to do data entry and statistical analysis and two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences in text scores between two groups.Evaluation was made on the courseware of animation in experimental group.P ＜ 0.05 signifies that the differences have statistical significances.Results The test scores in experimental group (79.62 ± 9.34)were significantly higher than those in control group (77.10 ± 9.18; P ＜ 0.05).More than 85 ％ of the experimental students think animation can stimulate their enthusiasm in studying medical statistics; and help them better understand the key points and main difficulties of the statistical knowledge.Conclusion It suggests that animation can enable students to study better the course of medical statistics.

Objective To investigate the effects of ursolic acid and rhynchophylline in Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis on human hepatoma HepG2 cells; To discuss its antihepatoma mechanism. Methods Culture the human hepatoma HepG2 cells with 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 μmol/L ursolic acid, rhynchophylline for 24, 48, 72 hours respectively. 1%DMSO was set as negative control group. CCK-8 based cytotoxicity assay was used to detect the growth of HepG2. Acridine orange fluorescent staining was used to observe human hepatoma HepG2 cells cultured with 50 μmol/L ursolic acid, rhynchophylline and 1%DMSO for 48 hours were observed. Results Ursolic acid significantly acted as a disincentive to the growth of HepG2 cells, which was in positive correlation with time and concentration. Inhibited effect by rhynchophylline on HepG2 cell proliferation was weaker than ursolic acid. Pathological observation showed that most of the cells in rhynchophylline group showed cell shrinkage, dense pulp coating and nuclear staining edge set, and most of the cells in the ursolic acid group showed apoptosis late changes, such as nuclear cleavage and apoptotic bodies. Conclusion Ursolic acid and rhynchophyllinein Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and can induce apoptosis.

Objective China is experiencing increasing disease burden and economic burden of acute myocardial infarction(AMI),while the healthcare resources are limited and unevenly distributed.Hospitalization duration is an important measure of health resource utilization index.This study aims to describe the time trend of Length of stay(LOS) for AMI inpatient care in eastern urban areas of China,and to identify potential hospital-level factors associated with the LOS,which is an important indicator of resource utilization.Methods The study randomly selected a representative sample of patients admitted for AMI in 2001,2006 and 2011,from urban hospitals in eastern China.After central data abstraction from medical records,patients' characteristics,treatments and outcomes were compared between 3 hospital groups that were divided according to their median of LOS.Results Five thousand and forty-seven AMI cases were included in the analyses.The average LOS were (15.3±10.2),(13.5±8.7) and (12.2±7.8) d in 2001,2006 and 2011 respectively,with a decreasing trend(F=10.93,P<0.001).After adjusted for patients' characteristics,there were no significant different in LOS between years.Patients' characteristics were similar between high-,middle-and low-LOS hospitals,however,in high-LOS hospitals,use rates of aspirin,clopidogrel and statins were even lower(P≤0.001).LOS were longer 1.9 d in the hospitals with relatively small AMI inpatient treatment volumes(30-80 annually,t=2.97,P<0.01).Conclusions The average LOS for AMI in eastern urban areas of China is much longer than in western countries.Conclusion between hospitals have highlighted the gaps in care quality and efficiency.Standardized clinical pathways and hierarchical medical system are essential strategies in the new healthcare reform.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the elderly inpatients of the department of geriatrics, so as to provide the reference for early screening and prevention of MCI in the elderly population. Methods: Inpatients aged 60 years and older and admitted to the Department of Geriatrics at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected as the study subjects. Demographic information, past medical history, activities of daily living (ADL), depressive symptoms were collected through questionnaire surveys. MCI was diagnosed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment in combination with medical history and physical examination. Factors affecting MCI were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 019 elderly patients were collected, including 472 males (46.32%) and 547 females (53.68%), and had a median age of 73.00 (interquartile range, 14.00) years. Among them, 746 patients had an educational level of junior high school or above, accounting for 73.21%, 446 patients had cerebrovascular disease, accounting for 43.77%, and 220 patients were diagnosed with MCI, with a detection rate of 21.59%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.354, 95%CI: 1.285-1.426), educational level (primary school, OR=0.345, 95%CI: 0.163-0.731; junior high school or above, OR=0.196, 95%CI: 0.096-0.402), ADL (moderate/severe dependence, OR=4.744, 95%CI: 2.044-11.012) and cerebrovascular disease (OR=2.335, 95%CI: 1.482-3.679) were the influencing factors for MCI among geriatric inpatients. Conclusions The MCI of the elderly inpatients of the department of geriatrics is related to age, educational level, ADL and cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, targeted health education and cognitive function training should be provided for elderly patients to prevent MCI.

Objective To analyze the bloodstream infections caused by vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE)in West China Hospital and examine the risk factors of such infections for best control of VRE infections .Methods Case‐control method was used to compare the bloodstream infections due to VRE with those caused by vancomycin‐susceptible Enterococcus(VSE)from August 2010 to August 2014 in West China Hospital .The data were compared by T‐test ,Chi‐square test (univariate analysis) and logistic regression analysis (multivariate analysis) using SPSS 19 .0 software .Results A total of 31 VRE strains were isolated from bloodstream infections in the study period ,including 5 (16 .1 % ) strains of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis and 26 (83 .9 % )strains of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium .In the past four years ,the prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant E . f aecalis in bloodstream infections was 1 .5% ,1 .6% ,1 .8% ,and 1 .2% ;while the prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant E . f aecium in bloodstream infections was 3 .8% ,4 .4% ,5 .8% ,and 7 .1% .Such VRE bloodstream infection was mainly found in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)(13 ,41 .9% )and Department of Neurosurgery (4 ,12 .9% ) .More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin .But less than 20% of the strains were resistant to quinupristin‐dalfopristin and linezolid . Univariate analysis indicated that prolonged hospital stay , ICU admission , venous catheter ,prior carbapenem exposure , prior vancomycin/norvancomycin exposure were associated with VRE bloodstream infections .Logistic regression analysis confirmed that venous catheter was an independent risk factor of VRE bloodstream infections .Conclusions Venous catheter is an independent risk factor for VRE bloodstream infections . Infection control measures should be strengthened to prevent the outbreak of VRE‐related bloodstream infections .

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an acute cerebrovascular disease with the highest mortality in subtype of stroke, accounting for 15%-20% of all strokes. There was no specific treatment for ICH currently. The mechanism of secondary neurological impairment after ICH remains unclear. Whether it is related to the process of ferroptosis caused by iron deposition is worth to further discuss. This paper reviews the related published articles about ferroptosis, which include mechanisms, inhibition methods and biomarker of ferroptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) on insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS-4) gene expression in the brain.

METHODSPrimarily cultured cortical neurons from E17-18 Sprague Dawley rats, after 1 week of plating, were exposed to 10 µmol/L PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone for 0, 1, 4 or 24 h. Adult C57BL/6J mice or conditional brain PPARγ knock-out mice (B-PPARγ-KO, BKO) received an intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone in 10% DMSO at 12 mg/kg or injection of the same volume of saline containing 10% DMSO. The effect of rosiglitazone on the survival of the neurons was examined by MTT assay. The expression of IRS-4 mRNA was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSThe survival of the cortical neurons showed no significant difference between the agonist groups and the control group. The expression of IRS-4 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the cortical tissues and neurons of the agonist groups compared with the control groups (P<0.05), but in BKO mice without treatment, IRS-4 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPPARγ can enhance the expression of IRS-4 mRNA in the brain.

Animals ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; PPAR gamma ; agonists ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology ; Up-Regulation

Objective To observe the effects of perfusion of rosiglitazone (RSG) in lesion areas on the expression levels of the perihematomal tight junction-associated proteins occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) mRNA,the permeability of blood-brain-barrier (BBB),and neurological function score in a rabbit model of cerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods A total of 45 healthy male rabbits were selected (a body mass of 2.0 to 2.5 kg).They were divided into 3 groups,a control group,a ICH model group,and a RSG treatment group (n =15,5 of them for BBB determination) according to the random number table.The control group was use to simulate the process of making intracranial hematoma.After successful puncture,the target was iujected with isotonic saline 0.3 ml and isotonic saline 0.1 ml was injected again after 6 h;after successful puncture,the ICH model group was injected with 0.3 ml of autologous non-anticoagulant arterial blood,and the target was injected into isotonic saline 0.1 ml after 6 h;RSG 0.5 mg was infused into the hematoma area (dissolved in 0.1 ml isotonic saline) in the RSG treatment group at 6 h after the ICH model was successfully induced.All rabbits in each group were sacrificed on day 7 after the neurological deficit scale score (Purdy score).Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of perihematomal oecludin and ZO-1 mRNA.The formamide method was used to measure the Evans blue (EB) content in the perihematomal tissue in order to evaluate the permeability of BBB.Results (1) Neurological function scores:Purdy scores of the control group,ICH model group,and RSG treatment group were 2.53 ± 0.05,8.13 ± 0.06),and 6.67 ± 0.08,respectively.There were significant differences among the groups (F =459.116,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,Purdy scores of the ICH model group and RSG treatment group were increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the ICH model group,Purdy scores of the RSG treatment group were decreased (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 mRNA:The differences were statistically significant in occludin and ZO-1 mRNA in the control group,ICH model group,and RSG treatment group (1.013 ±0.051,1.001 ± 0.045;0.221 ± 0.017,0.247 ± 0.019;0.498 ± 0.041,and 0.613 ± 0.045,respectively in each group;F =443.924 and 381.929 respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,the expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 mRNA were significantly decreased in the ICH model group and RSG treatment group (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the ICH model group,the expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 mRNA were increased in the RSG treatment group (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) The permeability of BBB:The EB content in the control group,ICH model group,and RSG treatment group were 12.0 ± 1.0,51.6 ± 0.9,and 36.4 ± 1.0 μg/g,respectively.The differences were statistically significant among the groups (F =223.516,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,the EB content was significantly increased in the ICH model group and RSG treatment group (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the model group,the EB content was significantly decreased in the RSG treatment group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The perfusion of RSG in the lesion area can significantly improve the neurological function of rabbits after ICH,increase the expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 mRNA in the perihematomal tissue,and decrease the permeability of BBB.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of job burnout and its main influential factors in seafarers and to provide a scientific basis for ensuring the physical and psychological health of seafarers and increasing their working performance.

METHODSA total of 1027 seafarers, who underwent physical examination at Fujian International Travel Health Care Center from January to June, 2013, and left and entered China through the Fujian port, were selected. The status of job burnout was investigated using a job burnout scale. A total of 1027 questionnaires were sent out, and 989 valid ones (96.30%) were returned.

RESULTSThe scores of emotional exhaustion and cynicism were the highest in the youngest age group (<30 years), divorced or widowed group, or those with a monthly income per person over 10,000 yuan (P < 0.05). The score of reduced personal accomplishment was the highest in seafarers with a degree of junior high school or less or those with a monthly income per person of 3 000-6 000 yuan (P < 0.05). The highest scores of emotional exhaustion and cynicism were also seen in seafarers with the highest frequency of overtime working, high occupational stress, less than 6 hours' sleep per day, or poor sleep quality (P < 0.05). The highest score of reduced personal accomplishment was also seen in seafarers with the latest sail time lasting for more than six months, low occupational stress, or good sleep quality (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that poor sleep quality and occupational stress were the main risk factors for job burnout in seafarers, while physical exercise was a protective factor.

CONCLUSIONJob burnout among seafarers is influenced by many factors. Therefore, measures should be taken by relevant administrative departments and seafarers themselves to reduce the incidence of job burnout.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burnout, Professional ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ships ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult