Objective:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the anti-infective treatment of one patient with complexity urinary tract infection with septic shock induced by cellulitis. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in one case of complexity uri-nary tract infection with septic shock induced by cellulitis, and according to the clinical curative effect and the patient' s condition change, clinical pharmacists adjusted the medication nine times and provided individualized pharmaceutical care and service in the whole process. Results:Physician accepted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists, the infection was controlled after the 38-day treat-ment, and then the patient was discharged from the hospital. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should participate in the clinical treat-ment, provide whole process of pharmaceutical care for severe patients and assist physician in drug treatment decisions to promote safe, effective and economical drug use.

Background Preferred practice pattern (PPP) is an evidence-based documents which can be used for reference to standardize medical practice by ophthalmologists.So far it has been promoted for more than 10 years in China.However,there is no report about the popularization and application of PPP in China.Objective This study was to investigate the cognitions of ophthalmologists to PPP from the view of clinical questions.Methods A questionnaire-based study was conducted.Questionnaires were dispensed during September 17 to 21,2014 to inquiry into the cognitions of ophthalmologists to PPP in the 19th Congress of Chinese Ophthalmological Society.A selfadministered questionnaire was designed and discussed according to the article published in the past by our research group.It included personal basic information and cognitions to PPP,and the latter consisted of self-assessment and cognition scoring.The constituent ratios of aware,quite aware,unaware and fully unaware ophthalmologists were counted.The cognitions were divided into low level (0-4 scores),moderate level (5-8 scores) and high level (9-12 scores) based on the effective answer sheets.The questionnaires were filled out anonymously and incomplete questionnaires were excluded.Results Among the 300 distributed questionnaires,282 were retrieved and 209 were valid,with the effective rate 74.1％.The ophthalmologists of awareness to PPP were 46.4％ (97/209),and 53.6％ (112/209) of respondents did not know PPP very well.A positive correlation was found between the awareness to PPP and the cognition scores to clinical issues (r,=0.143,P ＜ 0.05).The cognition scores to clinical issues were significantly different among different educational backgrounds (F =12.26,P ＜ 0.05),and cognition scores were significantly reduced in the ophthalmologists with lower master degree in comparison with the ophthalmologists with doctoral degree (all at P＜0.05).The coincide ratio between cognitions of ophthalmologists to different clinical issues and suggestions in PPP were evidently different in the ophthalmologists,with the highest coincide ratio 83％ and the lowest coincide ratio 1％.Conclusions The awareness to PPP is not adequate in Chinese eye doctors,which reduces the cognition level to clinical issues.There is a poor coincide ratio between cognitions of Chinese ophthalmologists to clinical issues and suggestions in PPP.This study emphasizes the need for effective awareness programs towards clinical issues based on PPP.

Established in 2017, the Screening Cohort for Asian Nomadic descendants in China (Scan-China) has benefited over 180,000 members of a multi-ethnic population, particularly individuals of Mongolian descent compared with the general population (Han ethnicity), in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. This cohort study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cancer screening and serve as a real-world data platform for cancer studies. The 6 most prevalent cancers in China are considered—namely, breast, lung, colorectal, gastric, liver and esophageal cancer. After baseline cancer risk assessments and screening tests, both active and passive follow-up (based on the healthcare insurance database, cancer registry, the front page of hospital medical records, and death certificates) will be conducted to trace participants’ onset and progression of cancers and other prevalent chronic diseases. Scan-China has preliminarily found a disproportionately lower screening participation rate and higher incidence/mortality rates of esophageal and breast cancer among the Mongolian population than among their Han counterparts. Further research will explore the cancer burden, natural history, treatment patterns, and risk factors of the target cancers.

Objective: To identify post-marketing active surveillance systems for vaccine safety around the world and understand their features and mechanisms, in order to provide guidance for vaccine administration activities in China. Methods: Following the steps of scoping review, literature about active surveillance system for vaccine safety and published by 30 June 2018 were identified by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Grey literature were also sought by exploring relevant websites. Identified literature were screened according to eligibility criteria, and informative data from included literature were then charted. Framework Synthesis and Thematic Analysis were performed to integrate the charted data. Results: 97 pieces of literature were included for review, and 11 active surveillance systems for vaccine safety were identified, mostly located in developed countries. These systems were constructed by 3 types of organizations: administration departments, academic or research institutions, and health care providers. Their data sources included immunization registries, electronic medical records, claims data, case reports of adverse events following immunization electronic questionnaires, and epidemiologic study data. According to their operation procedures, these systems were grouped into 4 modes of active surveillance: Data Linkage, Investigator Network, Automatic Follow-up System, Studies Consortium. Conclusion Practice of active surveillance for vaccine safety greatly varies across countries, with different conditions and advantages. It is suggested that developing countries should choose suitable mode of active surveillance considering their local situations.