Objective To investigate the value of the clinical application of fetal testis for the treatment of male hypogonadism.Method We have performed the testicular transplantation to cure 6 patients suffered from hypogonadism with the fetal testis as donor.Results All patients had a significantly increased level of serum testosterone and the male secondary sexual characteristics and the sexual desire were improved.The size of testis was larger than before operation.Conclusion Testis transplantation with fetal testis as donor is an effective method to cure male hypogonadism and has great value of clinical application for its weak immunogenicity.

Objective To investigate the value of the clinical application of fetal testis transplantation with main vessel segment. Methods The testicular transplantation were performed to cure 9 patients suffered from male hyponadism with the fetal testis with main vessel segment as donor tissue. Results Except one, 8 patients had a significantly increased level of serum testosterone, the male secondary sexual characteristics and the sexual desire were improved. The size of testis was larger than before operation. Conclusion Fetal testis transplantation with main vessel segment is a effective method to cure male hyponadism and has great value of clinical application.

Objective To study the effect and histocompatibility of urethral extracellular matrix in repair of traumatic urethra defects in rabbits. Methods Model of traumatic urethral defects was made by resecting 1.0-1.5 cm segment of the urethra in 20 rabbits. Then, the defects were repaired by a tube of extracellular matrix of the same length. The dynamic changes of CD4+, CD8+ T cell and CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry at 1,2, 3 and 4 weeks after operation. In the meantime, the immunity response of rabbits was evaluated by lymphocyte transformation test. The repaired segments stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Van Giesen were studied by histologic and pathologic observations at 10 days, 3, 6 and 24 weeks postoperatively. The urodynamics, urethroscopy and urethrography were performed at 24 weeks postoperatively. Results There was no significant difference in aspects of stimulative index of lymphocyte transformation, T lymphocyte subsets CD4+, CD8+ T cell and CD4+/CD8+ between experimental group and negative control group. Urothelium covered the whole surface of the matrix tube three weeks after operation. The smooth muscle cells increased nearly to normal urethral wall at 24 weeks. Urethrosoopy and urethrography showed glossy matrix tube. There was no statistical difference upon urodynamies between experimental group and control group. Conclusion The urethral extracellular matrix has good histocompatibility and may be a safe and effective material for repairing urethra defects.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the oil-water partition coefficients (logP) of rosiglitazone at different pH values by two kinds of methods.METHODS:A shake flask-ultraviolet spectrophotometry method was used to determine plasma concentration of rosiglitazone in water phase and organic phase at variable pH values (0.95,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.07,5.7,6.55,7.06,7.5,8.15,9.21) to calculate logP by using with n-caprylic alcohol-water as simulation system.Above logP values were compared with that calculated by Pallas software.RESULTS:The logP value was lower than 1 when pH value was lower than 4;the logP value was higher than 1 when pH value was ranged from 5 to 9.Measured logP values were in good agreement with that calculated by Pallas software.CONCLUSION:Rosiglitazone exists in the form of hydrochloride salt with good water solubility (pH

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) in pathogens detection in urinary tract by comparing the results of different tests performed on the same urine sample.Methods:The results of NTS and urine culture test collected from 326 patients in the Department of Urology of People's Hospital of Wuhan University from July 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 224 males and 102 females. The average age was (56.88 ± 14.58)years old. χ 2 test and Student’s test and Wilcoxon's sign rank test were used to analyze the differences of the pathogen detection rate, pathogen types results and detection time consuming between NTS and urine culture. The clinical value of the NTS in rapid detection of urinary pathogens was evaluated. Results:Among 326 hospitalized patients, the urinary tract microbes’ detecting rate of NTS was significantly higher than that of urine culture[67.80%(221/326)vs. 23.93%(78/326), χ2=130.25, P<0.01]. The uropathogens detecting rate of NTS was significantly higher than that of urine culture[54.29%(177/326)vs. 23.31%(76/326), χ2=38.95, P<0.01]. The number of urinary tract microbes detected by NTS was significantly higher than that of urine culture ( Z=11.49, P<0.01), the number of uropathogens was significantly higher than that of urine culture ( Z=9.67, P<0.01). The detection time of NTS and urine culture positive samples was (24.29±2.65) h and (49.28±11.30) h, the difference was statistically significant ( t =39.48, P<0.01). The results obtained by using NTS and urine culture were consistent in 135 (41.41%) samples. In 150 (46.01%) samples, NTS could detect the urinary tract microbes while urine culture cannot find, of which 112 cases (34.36%) were uropathogenic. In 27 cases (8.28%), more pathogens were detected by NTS except those from urine culture. In 6 cases (1.84%) re-detecting NTS after antibiotic therapy, the number of reads of primary uropathogen decreased gradually with the growth of colonizing bacteria or opportunistic pathogens appeared in the end. Re-examinations of urine culture could verify the results of NTS detection on admission in 5 cases (1.53%). NTS in 2 cases (0.61%) could cover the uropathogens of subsequent several urine cultures. Conclusions:NTS has the advantages of rapid, sensitive and comprehensive detection of urinary tract infection pathogens. When urine culture is not yet reported or even negative, NTS already has a certain clinical reference value and can be used as an effective supplement to urine culture, which is conducive to the comprehensive judgment of the patient's condition.

Oxalate is an organic dicarboxylic acid that is a common component of plant foods.The kidneys are essential organs for oxalate excretion,but excessive oxalates may induce kidney stones.Jupiter micro-tubule associated homolog 2(JPT2)is a critical molecule in Ca2+mobilization,and its intrinsic mecha-nism in oxalate exposure and kidney stones remains unclear.This study aimed to reveal the mechanism of JPT2 in oxalate exposure and kidney stones.Genetic approaches were used to control JPT2 expression in cells and mice,and theJPT2 mechanism of action was analyzed using transcriptomics and untargeted metabolomics.The results showed that oxalate exposure triggered the upregulation of JPT2,which is involved in nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NAADP)-mediated Ca2+mobilization.Tran-scriptomic analysis revealed that cell adhesion and macrophage inflammatory polarization were inhibited by JPT2 knockdown,and these were dominated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT signaling,respectively.Untargeted metabolomics indicated that JPT2 knockdown inhibited the produc-tion of succinic acid semialdehyde(SSA)in macrophages.Furthermore,JPT2 deficiency in mice inhibited kidney stones mineralization.In conclusion,this study demonstrates that oxalate exposure facilitates kidney stones by promoting crystal-cell adhesion,and modulating macrophage metabolism and in-flammatory polarization via JPT2/PI3K/AKT signaling.

The anterior pituitary gland drives highly conserved physiologic processes in mammalian species. These hormonally controlled processes are central to somatic growth, pubertal transformation, fertility, lactation, and metabolism. Current cellular models of mammalian anteiror pituitary, largely built on candidate gene based immuno-histochemical and mRNA analyses, suggest that each of the seven hormones synthesized by the pituitary is produced by a specific and exclusive cell lineage. However, emerging evidence suggests more complex relationship between hormone specificity and cell plasticity. Here we have applied massively parallel single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), in conjunction with complementary imaging-based single-cell analyses of mRNAs and proteins, to systematically map both cell-type diversity and functional state heterogeneity in adult male and female mouse pituitaries at single-cell resolution and in the context of major physiologic demands. These quantitative single-cell analyses reveal sex-specific cell-type composition under normal pituitary homeostasis, identify an array of cells associated with complex complements of hormone-enrichment, and undercover non-hormone producing interstitial and supporting cell-types. Interestingly, we also identified a Pou1f1-expressing cell population that is characterized by a unique multi-hormone gene expression profile. In response to two well-defined physiologic stresses, dynamic shifts in cellular diversity and transcriptome profiles were observed for major hormone producing and the putative multi-hormone cells. These studies reveal unanticipated cellular complexity and plasticity in adult pituitary, and provide a rich resource for further validating and expanding our molecular understanding of pituitary gene expression programs and hormone production.