Objective To study the alternations of regulatory T cells in early HIV infected patients and its association with disease progression.Methods Fifty-one untreated HIV infected patients were enrolled and divided into 3 groups according to their infection time and CD+4 T cell levels(30 early HIV infected patients,15 typical progressors,6 AIDS patients).Twenty normal controls were enrolled.There were no significant differences between the age and sex among four groups.Blood was drawn by venipuncture from each subject in EDTA tubes and the levels of CD+4 CD+25 Foxp3 + regulatory T cells were detected by FACSAria flow-cytometry.Spearman correlation was used to detect association between CD+4 CD+25 Foxp3 + regulatory T cells and the absolute CD+4 T cells,viral load and activation of T cells.Results The levels of CD+4 CD+25Foxp3+ regulatory T cells showed the tendency of increasing tendency from normal control to early HIV infected patients,asymptomatic HIV infected patients and AIDS patients.Early HIV infected patients was significantly lower than that in AIDS group [3.79(2.11 - 5.43) % vs 8.09(4.90 - 8.90) %,Z = - 2.29,P = 0.022].The levels of CD+4 CD+25 Foxp3 + Treg cells were associated with viral set point(r = 0.479,P =0.038) and inversely associated with CD+4 T cells(r = -0.455,P =0.011) and closely associated with HLA-DR expression on CD+3 T cells(r = 0.533,P = 0.002).Conclusions The ratio of CD+4 CD+25 Foxp3 +regulatory T cells of early HIV infected patients was significantly increased and associated with viral set point and CD+4 T cell counts,which indicate that alternation of regulatory T cell may be an important factor contributing to the disease progression in early HIV infection.

Objective To construct five shRNA-expression plasmids and to investigate the expression of Smad2 in TGF-?/ Smads signal transduction treated with shRNA-expression plasmid.Methods Five shRNA-Smad2 DNA sequences from mRNA sequence of mouse Smad2 gene were designed and synthesized.DNA oligonucleotides encoding an appropriate shRNA were inserted to shRNA expression vector respectively.Five shRNA-Smad2 expression plasmids were obtained and then transfected into NIH/3T3 cells.The suppressed expression of Smad2 was assessed by RT-PCR and Western-blotting.Results The shRNA-expression plasmid numbered 2.4 could markedly reduce the expression of Smad2.The suppression effect of the RNAi-pool composed of four different plasmids was more obvious than that of any single.Conclusion The shRNA-expression plasmids were successfully constructed,which could specifically and effectively suppress the expression of Smad2.The method of using a mixture of RNAi plasmids to improve the RNAi efficiency was established.

Objective: To use autophagy inhibitors combined with radiation to treat the oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and KB cells,and to explore the influence of autophagy in the oral cancer radiation sensitivity and its mechanisms. Methods:The human oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and KB cells were divided into control group,CQ group,3-MA group,IR group,CQ+IR group,and 3-MA+IR group. The survival rate was detected by MTT method and the autophagy of CAL-27 cells was observed by immunofluorescence method and laser scanning confocal microscope.The expression levels of LC3 and beclin-1 were detected by Western blotting method. The apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin Ⅴ/PI doulde staining. Results:Compared with IR group,the survival rates in 3-MA + IR and CQ+ IR groups were signifcantly decreased (P < 0.05 ).The autophagy levels of cells in IR group were significantly higher than those in control group, CQ group, 3-MA group,CQ+IR group,and 3-MA+IR group (P <0.05).The expression levels of LC3 and beclin-1 proteins in IR group were significantly higher than those in control group,CQ+ IR group,and 3-MA+ IR group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rates in IR,3-MA+ IR,and CQ+ IR groups were markedly higher than those in control group. Compared with IR group,the apoptotic rates in CQ+IR and 3-MA+IR groups were significantly increased (P <0.05).Conclusion:Radiotherapy can induce the increase of autophagy level of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Inhibiors of autophagy can increase the radio-sensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis.

Objective:To analyze the advantages of IPSA combined with increasing cervical center dose in intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy (IC/IS) for locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 46 stage Ⅱ B cervical cancer patients with, local lesion size≥5 cm after 45 Gy/25f external intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were recruited. Uterine tandem and needles were implanted, CT was performed, and then HR-CTV, rectum, bladder, sigmoid colon and the area of cervix increased dose (HR-cervix) were delineated, IPSA was used for optimization. According to whether the dose of HR-cervix was increased or not, all patients were divided into IC/IS+ HR-cervix group (group A) and IC/IS group (group B). The differences in dosimetric parameters were compared between two groups. Results:The relative uterine tandem dwell time was significantly extended in group A ( P<0.001). In group B, the V 150% and V 200% volumes of HR-cervix were increased from 63.94% and 30.80% to 91.54% and 64.06%. The D 90% and D 100% in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (both P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in organ at risk (OAR) dose. Conclusion:IPSA combined with increasing cervical center dose can meet the HR-CTV D 90% dose requirement, normal tissue dose limits, and can escalate the doses to local areas of the cervix.

Objective:To detect the expression of BTLA on Treg cells of HIV-infected patients and investigate the role of BTLA in HIV infection.Methods: Forty-four HIV-1-infected patients (twenty-four early HIV infection,fourteen chronic HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T counts> 200 cells/μl,AIDS patients with CD4+T counts<200 cells/μl) and nine healthy people served as normal controls were selected to detect the expression of BTLA on Treg cells by flow cytometry.The correlations between BTLA expression on Treg cells and disease progression or immune activation were studied.Results: There was a higher percentage of BTLA on Treg cells in chronic HIV patients and AIDS patients than that in early HIV infected patients(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of BTLA on Treg cells in AIDS patients was higher than that in normal controls(P<0.05).The expression of BTLA on Treg cells was negatively correlated with CD4+T lymphocyte counts and positively correlated with viral load (P<0.001,P<0.01).The percentage of BTLA on Treg cells was positively correlated with CD4+CD38+T lymphocytes and CD4+HLA-DR+T lymphocytes(P<0.001,P<0.001).Conclusion: Increased BTLA expression on HIV-infected Treg cells is associated with disease progression,suggesting that it may accelerate disease progression by enhancing Treg cells inhibitory function and may provide intervention information for HIV infection in the future.

Organ fibrosis has always been a research hot topic in the medicine.The relationship between oxidative stress and fibrotic diseases is close.Peroxiredoxin 2(Prx2), an important antioxidant enzyme, exits in the body.Its outstanding antioxidant function can play an important role in the occurrence and development of fibrotic diseases.In addition, Prx2 is very sensitive to active reactive oxygen species levels.This feature has great research value in the diagnosis and prediction of fibrotic diseases.At the same time, Prx2 can affect apoptosis, regulate cell signal transduction and molecular chaperones.This article reviews the main functions of Prx2 and its effect on the lung, kidney, and liver fibrosis.Finally, it discusses the future hot topic and development trends of Prx2.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of affected renal function after laparoscopic nephron-sparing nephrectomy with segmental renal artery blocking (SRPN) for low R.E.N.A.L.score small localized renal tumor with follow-up data.Methods The data of 33 patients was collected,who underwent SRPN for small renal tumor from January 2010 to April 2012,and were followed-up for 5 years successfully.In 33 integrated data of 5-year follow-up,there were 14 males and 19 females,aged(56.5 ± 11.8)years.The preoperative affected renal glomerular filtration rate (aGFRpre),postoperative affected renal glomerular filtration rate (aGFRpost),the residual ratio of aGFR (aGFRpost/aGFRpre),preoperative affected renal volume (aVolpre),postoperative affected renal volume (aVolpost) and the residual ratio of aVol (aVolpost/aVolpre) were collected at the postoperative 3rd,6th,12th,24th and 60th month in follow-up period.Preoperative and postoperative data were analyzed by paired-sample T test.Multivariate linear regression analysis determined the influence of body mass index,operation time,localized warm ischemia time and distance from tumor to renal collecting system.Compare the correlation between aGFRpost/aGFRpre and aVolpost/aVolpre.Results All 33 cases were performed successfully.The mean operation time was (108.4 ± 9.1) min,and the mean time of segmental renal artery blocking was (23.3 ± 3.0) min.Postoperative pathologic 17 (51.5％) of clear cell carcinoma,5 (15.2％) of papillary carcinoma,3 (9.1％) of chromophobe cell carcinoma.All of above margins were negative.8 (24.2％) of angiomyolipoma (9.1％).All 33 cases were followed up for more than 5 years.The 5-year overoll survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) were 100％.In the 3rd,6th,12th,24th and 60th month,aGFRpost were (34.6 ± 4.6) ml/min,(34.7 ± 4.8) ml/min,(34.9 ± 4.4) ml/min,(35.1 ± 4.4) ml/min,(35.2 ± 4.2) ml/min,decreased of (10.4 ± 2.4) ml/min,(10.4 ± 2.6) ml/min,(10.1 ± 2.4) ml/min,(9.9 ± 2.4) ml/min,(9.8 ± 2.5) ml/min compared with aGFRpre (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that body mass index,operation time,localized warm ischemia time in SRPN and distance from tumor to renal collecting system were unable to influence aGFRpost (P ＞ 0.05).The correlation coefficients between aGFRpost/aGFRpre and aVolpost/aVolpre were 0.659,0.667,0.663,0.629,0.604 respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions For low R.E.N.A.L.score small localized renal tumor with SRPN,the decrease of postoperative affected renal function is relevant to postoperative affected renal volume,not as to operation time,localized warm ischemia time in SRPN and distance from tumor to renal collecting system.

Objective:Laboratory evaluation of the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma indicators and intrathecal immunoglobulin G(IgG) synthesis in patients with neurological diseases, and establishment of a new diagnostic method for intrathecal IgG synthesis.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the content of IgG in cerebrospinal fluid samples and blood albumin in blood samples, and other test results of 410 patients with neurological diseases who visited Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2019 to 2022. According to the results of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid, patients were divided into intrathecal IgG synthesis group and non-intrathecal IgG synthesis group. The Mann Whitney U test was used for inter group comparison, and a bilateral test with P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. Include indicators with differences between groups in logistic regression analysis, construct a predictive model, and compare it with the established quantitative formula IgG index. Results:There were significant differences in 10 indicators, including cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count and 24-hour intrathecal IgG synthesis rate, between the intrathecal IgG synthesis group and the non-intrathecal IgG synthesis group, with P<0.05. The area under the curve (AUC) of intrathecal IgG synthesis was higher than the IgG index (AUC=0.920, 0.809, Z=31.178, P<0.001), the sensitivity was higher than the IgG index (0.825, 0.618), and the specificity was lower than the IgG index (0.876, 0.908). Conclusion:The combination of 10 indicators such as cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count and 24-hour intrathecal IgG synthesis rate can improve the diagnostic efficacy and sensitivity of intrathecal IgG synthesis.

AIM: To study the effect of growth hormone (GH) and vitamin E (Vit.E) combined in the treatment of endometrial thinning. METHODS: Twenty female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, GH group and treatment group, with 5 rats in each group. Control group was routinely fed; Rats in model group, GH group and treatment group were injected intrauterine with 95%ethanol during estrus stage to construct a thin endometrial model. Six to eight hours after operation, rats in model group were injected intrauterine with 0.2 mL normal saline, rats in GH group and treatment group were injected with the same amount of GH, and the treatment group was given intragastric treatment of 60 mg/kg Vit.E. The rats were sacrificed 3 estrus cycles (about 2 weeks) after the operation. HE staining was performed on the uterine tissue to identify the model, and the levels of Cytokeratin 19 and Vimentin in the endometrium were detected by immunohistochemical color. RESULTS: The endometrial thickness of the model group was significantly thinner than that of the model group, and the endometrial thickness of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, but the endometrial thickness of the GH group was slightly lower than that of the control group. The expression levels of keratin and vimentin in model group were lower than those in GH group, control group and treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Endometrial-related proliferation indexes were significantly increased after GH and vitamin E treatment, and GH and vitamin E could effectively promote the proliferation of endometrial cells.