Objective:To provide more details and guide the management and usage as well as purchasing for medical equipment, so as to realize the optimization and utilization of the medical resources and impel Precision Medicine Initiative.Methods:The cost-effective analysis and the rate of return analysis of two large-scale precision equipments (MRI and Fundus camera usage) during January 2015 and June 2016 were performed. Besides, the equipment cost was divides into several more detailed projects in the research.Results: The rate of return of MRI in the first half year of 2016 was 8.5%, which was obviously higher than the one of 2015 which was 4.1%; the rate of return of Fundus camera usage in the first half year of 2016 was 25.9%, which was also obviously higher than the one of 2015 that was 15.0%. In the analysis, the depreciation of equipment was the main cost.Conclusion: It was critical and necessary to strengthen the standardized operation and routine maintenance in operation, in order to improve their safety usage rate.

Objective To prepare the PLGA nanoparticles( NPs) loading tetrandrine, investigate in vitro drug release behavior. Methods Tetrandrine loaded PLGA NPs were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method and the preparation process was optimized by changing the stabilizer concentration and emulsion energy. The drug loading and entrapment efficiency were studied to evaluate the drug-loading property.The influence of particles size and pH value of release media on drug release behavior was investigated. Results Nanoparticles in the mean size of(203.4±2.8)nm had spherical shape and showed negative surface charge.Drug loading and entrapment efficiency was(2.17±0.10)% and(67.88±4.27)%, respectively.Tet-PLGA NPs retarded drug release in vitro, the cumulative release percentage was increased with the particle size increasing and it in acidic release medium showed a higher drug release amount. Conclusion Tetrandrine loaded PLGA nanoparticles have good entrapment efficiency, uniform particle size and can retard drug release in vitro.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determination of Vitamin B12 in compound vitamin capsules. METHODS:Compound vitamin capsules were determined by HPLC on a ODS column at room temperature.The mobile phase consisted of methyl alcohol and 0.05mol/L KH2PO4 buffer(22∶78,pH=6.4). The flow rate was 1.0ml/min,and the detection wave length was set at 360nm.The sample size was 20?l.RESULTS:The sample size of vitamin B12 presented a good linear relationship with peak area in the range of 10.20?g～204.00?g(r=0.9 999).The average recovery was 99.7%(RSD=1.18%).CONCLUSIONS:The present method is simple,convenient,and accurate for determination of vitamin B12 in compou_nd vitamin capsules,and it also has the advantage of preventing the interference from vitamin B6 and folic acid.

Objective:Population-based cancer registration data were used to analyze stomach cancer epidemiology in China. Meth-ods:Stomach cancer data were retrieved from the National Central Cancer Registry Database, and incident and death cases were esti-mated. The trend of stomach cancer was analyzed. Results:Approximately 424,000 new cancer cases and 298,000 cancer deaths oc-curred in China in 2012. The incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer in urban males and females remained stable in 2000-2012, whereas the rates in rural males increased and less changes were observed in rural females. After age standardization, both inci-dence and mortality rates significantly decreased. The five-year age-standardized relative survival rate was 27.4% (95%CI: 26.7%-18.1%) in 2003-2005. Conclusion:Stomach cancer is a common cancer, which has heavy burden in China, particularly in rural areas. Ef-forts should be exerted for the prevention and control of the disease.

Objective To design a portable respirator that can facilitate both cardiopulmonary resuscitation and auxiliary oxygen inhalation.Methods Positive pressure design as well as pneumatically powered and controlled design were adopted for this respirator.Theoretical calculation of key components was carried out.The virtual prototype was established and the structure checked using the three dimensional design software Solidedge.Finally,the prototype was processed,assembled and tested.Results Experimental tests proved that the designed respirator was capable of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and auxiliary oxygen inhalation when oxygen supply pressure reached 3 -5.5 bar.It could achieve the expected technical indicators,such as the oxygen flow rate that was between 10 and 12 L/min.Conclusion The portable oxygen supply respirator has the advantages of a small size,light weight,simple operation,and automatic power supply.It has broad prospects of application.

Objective To study the recovery of the outer hair cells in the bat cochlea after gentamicin exposure.Methods Bats were injected with a daily dose of gentamicin for 15 consecutive days and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)was given from day 16 to day 40 of this recovery phase. Hearing was assessed by overt acoustic behavior and auditory brainstem responses analysis, which was performed one day prior to the first injection and a day after the last injection (day 16). On day 40 animals were sacrificed for detection of cells that could take up BrdU. Results After 15 days of gentamicin treatment, all of the animals were proved to be deafened with significant increases of ABR thresholds,compared with control group. The findings in immunocytochemical stained samples and scanning electron microscopy revealed that BrdU labeled nuclei were observed in the cochlea in all of the deafened animals most commonly in the regions of the first-row and second-row Deiter's cells (DCs) and occasionally in the regions of the third-ruw DCs.Conclusion We suggest that, under sufficient drug and enough time, the bat cochlear supporting cells can directly transdifferentiate into the outer hair cells after aminoglycoside exposure. This transdifferentation process is essential for repair of outer hair cells and recovery of normal function after gentamicin exposure.

Objective To analyze corpus uteri epidemiology in selected cancer registering areas of China during 2003-2007,and to provide scientific information for its prevention and control in China.Methods The incident and mortality data of corpus uteri cancer in 32 cancer registering areas of China with better quality during 2003-2007,which were selected according to the criteria of and provided by National Center for Cancer Registration,were analyzed.Results There were 8850 new cases and 1559 death cases of corpus uteri cancer,which accounted for 2.96％ ( 8 850/299 306 ) of all female new cancer cases and 0.94％ ( 1 559/166 305) of all female cancer death cases,respectively.Corpus uteri cancer was the 9th most common cancer for all new female cancer cases which world age adjusted incidence rates was 5.04/105,and 19th most common cancer for all female cancer death cases which world age adjusted mortality rate was 0.83/105 in 32 selected cancer registering areas of China during 2003-2007.Zhongshan city,Guangzhou city in Guangdong province and Beijing were the areas with the highest incidence rates in which were 14.51/105,8.51/105 and 6.69/105,respectively.Zhongshan city in Guangdong province,Dafeng city in Jiangsu province and Feicheng city in Shandong province were the areas with the highest mortality rates,in which were 4.03/105,3.19/10s and 1.65/105 respectively during 2003-2007.There were increasing trends for its incidence rates in above 32 areas during 2003-2007,its world age adjusted incidence rates increased from 3.94/105 in 2003 to 5.56/105 in 2007 ( P =0.026 ),while its urban world age adjusted incidence rates increased from 4.57/105 in 2003 to 6.18/105 in 2007 (P =0.038),and rural rates increased from 1.74/105 in 2003 to 3.01/105 in 2007 ( P =0.013 ),and the results showed that urban areas obviously higher than rural areas ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Although there was a slow increasing trend for its world age adjusted mortality rates in above 32 areas during 2003-2007 which increased from 0.64/105 in 2003 to 0.87/105 in 2007 ( P =0.214 ),and from 0.66/105 in 2003 to 0.88/105 in 2007 in urban areas ( P =0.340 ),and from 0.57/105 in 2003 to 0.83/105 in 2007 in rural areas( P =0.070),while increasing trends without statistical significance.But mortality rates in urban areas were obviously higher than those of rural areas (P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions Although the world standardized incidence and mortality rates of corpus uteri cancer were at low level worldwide,there were increasing trends for its incidence rates during 2003-2007 in the 32 selected cancer registering areas of China.Moreover,its incidence and mortality rates were at high level worldwide in some areas such as Zhongshan city of Guangdong province and Dafeng city of Jiangsu province during the period,in which suggested that its prevention and control should be enhanced.

Objective:To express fusion protein of mouse thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and HIV-1 gp120BAL V1/V2 subdomain in 293F cell.Methods:Full length of the V1V2 sequence from BAL isolate was fused with the C-terminus of mouse thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and sub-cloned into pCEP-Pu vector to construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid-pCTV1V2BAL.The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing , then transfected into 293 F cells using PEI as a transfection reagent .The fusion protein was purified by metal chelate affinity chromatography and characterized by SDS -PAGE and Western blot . The epitopes of V1/V2 in fusion protein were identified by ELISA .Results:The SDS-PAGE and Western blot results showed that there were highly heterogeneous glycoprotein bands at the site between 35 kD and 55 kD, which reacted with anti-mTSLP rabbit polyclonal antibody and anti-His tag mouse monoclonal antibody .The ELISA analysis showed that antibodies to V 1/V2BAL existed in the sera of HIV-1 positive patients.Conclusion:The mTSLP-V1/V2 fusion protein was successfully expressed in 293F cells, which may be useful for HIV-1 vaccine research .

In 2012, the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) of China collected cancer registration information for the year 2009 from local cancer registries and analyzed it to describe the incidences and mortalities of cancers in China. Based on the data quality criteria from NCCR, data from 104 registries covering 85,470,522 people (57,489,009 in urban areas and 27,981,513 in rural areas) were checked and evaluated. The data from 72 registries were qualified and accepted for the cancer registry annual report in 2012. The total cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 244,366 and 154,310, respectively. The morphologically verified cases accounted for 67.23%, and 3.14% of the incident cases only had information from death certifications. The crude incidence in the Chinese cancer registration areas was 285.91/100,000 (317.97/100,000 in males and 253.09/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates for incidences based on the Chinese standard population (ASRIC) and the world standard population (ASRIW) were 146.87/100,000 and 191.72/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence of 22.08%. The cancer mortality in the Chinese cancer registration areas was 180.54/100,000 (224.20/100,000 in males and 135.85/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates for mortalities based on the Chinese standard population(ASRMC) and the world standard population (ASRMW) were 85.06/100,000 and 115.65/100,000, respectively, and the cumulative mortality was 12.94%. Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, encephaloma, lymphoma, female breast cancer, and cervical cancer were the most common cancers, accounting for 75% of all cancer cases. Lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, encephaloma, leukemia, and lymphoma accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer registration's population coverage has been increasing, and its data quality is improving. As the basis of the cancer control program, the cancer registry plays an important role in directing anticancer strategies in the medium and long term. Because cancer burdens are different in urban and rural areas in China, prevention and control efforts should be based on practical situations.
China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Registries

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and the major cause of cancer death in China. The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of CRC in China. Materials and methods: Data from the National Cancer Center (NCC) of China was used and stratified by area (urban/rural), sex (male/female) for analyzing the age-specific incidence and mortality rates. Time trend of colorectal cancer was calculated based on the 22 high-quality cancer registries in China. National new cases and deaths of colorectal cancer were estimated using age-specific rates multiplied by the corresponding national population in 2014. The Chinese population in 2000 and Segi's world population were used to calculate age-standardized rates of colorectal cancer in China. Results: Overall, 370,400 new colorectal cancer cases and 179,600 deaths were estimated in China in 2014, with about 214,100 new cases in men and 156,300 in women. Meanwhile, 104,000 deaths cases of colorectal cancer were men and 75,600 deaths were women, which accounted for 9.74％ and 7.82％ of all cancer incidence and deaths in China, separately. Relatively higher incidence and mortality was observed in urban areas of China. And the Eastern areas of China showed the highest incidence and mortality. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer has increased by about 1.9％ per year for incidence and about 0.9％ per year for mortality rate from 2000 to 2014. Conclusion: With gradually higher incidence and mortality rate in the past 15 years, colorectal cancer became a major challenge to China's public health. Effective control strategies are needed in China.