Dental treatment under general anaesthesia may be needed for some children and adolescents due to medical or behaviour problem. The objective of the study is to identify the type of treatment that has been carried out under GA in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A retrospective record review study from hospital records of dental patients (under 18 years old) receiving dental treatment under GA from 2003 until 2007 were retrieved from the database. Information such as the reason for GA, and the type of treatment provided was recorded in data sheet. The data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0.1 for Windows. It was checked and verified for errors. A total of 349 cases were treated of which 43.6% had medical problems. Patients were mostly diagnosed to have rampant caries (77.1%) and some of them have behavioural problems (34.4%). Treatment pattern in deciduous dentition revealed more extraction (97.8%) as compared to restoration (75.7%) whereas in permanent dentition more restoration was done (24.3%) as compared to extraction (2.2%). Majority of the restorations were done using Glass Ionomer Cements (47.5%). Biopsy (4.3%) contributed mainly to the surgery (24.1%) done during GA. General anesthesia is necessary when dental disease is interfering with health and general well-being of patient and it can facilitated dental treatment allowing dentists to benefit from improved treatment conditions and provide a higher quality of care.

Panoramic radiograph is a routine investigation tool in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning however the limitation of two-dimensional image in assessing the position of impacted canine and surrounding tissues had cause unnecessary treatment options and complications during treatment. This report highlights the differences in investigation outcome and orthodontic treatment planning of two similar cases of patients with impacted upper canine, in which one only had panoramic radiograph and another case supplemented with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The case supported only by panoramic radiograph had changes in treatment planning during canine removal surgery as prevention from oro-antral fistula. This event could have been prevented if CBCT was taken where the canine can be assessed for proximity towards maxillary sinus. It is recommended for CBCT in orthodontic assessment for canine impaction especially for cases where canine is positioned higher than root apex of adjacent teeth and when root resorption is suspected.

Introduction: The interpretations of printed panoramic radiographs film frequently depend on personal judgements analysis by observers. The findings correlations between more than two observers must consider statistical tool which can determine that sometimes the observers will agree or disagree merely by chance. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) generally measures the degree of similarity among individuals within a cluster. Kappa statistic is the most frequently applied statistical analysis for this reason. This study aims to determine the validity of utilising printed panoramic radiographs for assessing dental anomalies and inter-examiner reliability in detecting dental anomalies observed within the panoramic radiographs. Methods: Twenty samples of printed versions of orthopantomogram (OPG) were arbitrarily selected from the AMDI Dental Clinic. Radiographic analyses were conducted twice, Trial 1 and Trial 2, with two-week intervals in between. Ten (10) printed OPG films were used in each session. During both assessments, incidence of dental anomalies was determined. All twenty OPGs were examined and analysed by the principal investigator and two independent examiners according to the inclusion and exclusion criterias. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. Results: The results of ICC for Trials 1 and 2 were 0.961 and 0.984, respectively. Conclusion: The outcomes demonstrated that the printed OPG films can be used to detect dental anomalies and inter-examiner dependability was in very good assertion for both trials, hence printed OPG films that satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criterias can be utilised for assessing dental anomalies as shown by the reliable ICC values in this study.

Chrysanthemum rubellum (durian) flower (CR) is well-known for its usefulness in conventional and advanced medicine. Bioactive glass properties are geared towards hard tissue regeneration. Hence, this study aims to investigate the response of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) when exposed to bioactive glass-chrysanthemum flower extract-conditioned medium. Methods: Chrysanthemum rubellum (durian) yellow coloured petals freeze dried extracts (CRE) was prepared by separation and agitation in distilled water where the final powdery compound was being investigated and combined with melt-derived BG 45S5 powder to produce BGCRE-conditioned medium. The CRE extracts in various concentrations and BGCRE-conditioned medium were exposed to DPSC and the cells responses were assessed using AB and MTT assays. The CRE and BGCRE-conditioned media were also assessed using ICP-OES to check for ionic release profile from both medium. Results: The CRE-conditioned medium (7.81, 15.63, 31.25 and 62.5 μg/ml) showed a dose-dependent effect towards DPSC from Days 1 until 14. The BGCRE-conditioned medium containing BG powders (1 mg/ml) with the lower amount of CRE extracts (0.02 and 0.1 mg/ml) promoted DPSC viability and proliferation rate from Days 1 until 14 based on AB and MTT assays. The BGCRE-conditioned medium has potentially affected the DPSC viability and proliferation. Conclusion: The presence of CRE in BGCRE-conditioned medium enhanced the DPSC viability and proliferation possibly through the combined effect of CRE and BG. This BGCRE combination showed potential as natural medicament for dental tissue regeneration
Craniofacial and Biomaterials Sciences Cluster ; Advanced Medical & ; Dental Institute ; Universiti Sains Malaysia ; Bertam ; 13200 Kepala Batas ; Pulau Pinang ; Malaysia 2 Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry ; Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences ; Virajpet ; 571218 ; Coorg Institute ; Karnataka State ; India 3 Faculty of Applied Sciences ; Universiti Teknologi MARA ; 40450 Shah Alam ; Selangor ; Malaysia