AIM:We conducted an evaluation of clinical data with meta analysis to investigate the preventive effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) on inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD)-associated colorectal cancer ( CRC) or dys-plasia (Dys) (IBD-CRC/Dys).METHODS: The information was retrieved from the main databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, etc.All full-text articles about the prevention of IBD-CRC/Dys by 5-ASA were in-cluded if they conformed to the standards.The odds ratio ( OR) and its 95% confidence interval ( CI) were calculated. According to the types of IBD and the treatment course, the subgroup analysis was conducted, respectively.RESULTS:Fifteen articles were selected, including 5 038 IBD patients.Pooled analysis showed a protective association between 5-ASA and IBD-CRC/Dys (OR=0.53, 95%CI:0.37~0.76).Among them, both ulcerative colitis patients (OR=0.45, 95%CI:0.27~0.77) and Crohn disease patients ( OR=0.39, 95% CI:0.16~0.97) with 5-ASA therapy were less likely to develop CRC/Dys compared with those without 5-ASA treatment.5-ASA treatment for 1~20 years shows a pre-ventive benefit (OR=0.43, 95%CI:0.25~0.74).However, a minimum 5-ASA exposure of 2~6 months did not show a preventive benefit (OR=0.59, 95%CI:0.26~1.34).CONCLUSION:5-ASA protects against CRC/Dys in IBD pa-tients.Additionally, the protective effect is treatment time dependent.Treatment course for 1~20 years shows an evident preventive benefit.

BACKGROUND: How to effectively harvest bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with homogeneity is crucial for cartilage tissue engineering research. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and culture rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and to observe biological characteristics of the cells. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the femur and tibia of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats using the whole bone marrow adhesion method. Cell surface markers were identified using flow cytometry, cell proliferation ability was observed through cell counting, and cell survival rate was determined by MTT assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The harvested cells were mostly round and oval, which partially showed a triangular shape. Cell fusion appeared after 12-15 days of inoculation. The proliferation of passaged cells was accelerated. Two hours after passage, the cells evenly covered the bottom of the culture dish. With the increasing of cell generations, the cell proliferation ability was gradually decreased. The survival rates of cells at passages 1-5 were over 95%, significantly higher than those at passages 6 and 7 (P < 0.05). The harvested cells were negative for CD34, but positive for CD44. To conclude, the whole bone marrow adhesion method is effective to isolate rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with stable growth and strong proliferation ability. Passage 5 cells can be selected as seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.

Background Evaluation of intra-retinal layer thickness plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitor of various eye diseases,and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a frequently used tool.Software analysis method was used to measure the retinal thickness in previous study,but the study on the reliability of automatic layered software is lack.Objective This study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of thickness profile measurement of intra-retinal layers determined by an automated algorithm applied to OCT images from RTVue100 OCT instrument.Methods In this prospective cross-sectional study,retinal thickness images at 6 mm around fovea were obtained from 18 right eyes of 18 normal subjects with RTVue100 OCT instrument.The retinal images were segmented into retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL),ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer(GCL+IPL),inner nuclear layer (INL),outer plexiform layer (OPL),outer nuclear layer (ONL),inner segment (IS),outer segment (OS) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer using automated algorithm method.Then Matlab software was used to analyze the measuring outcome.Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficients of reproducibility (COR) were calculated from the results of two-time examination by the same examiner to evaluate the repeatability and from the results of two different examiners to assess the reproducibility.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical procedure.Results The entire retinal thickness measured by RTVue-OCT was (303.22± 14.10) μm in the horizontal meridian and (306.68 ± 13.32) μm in the vertical meridian,with the maximum values of retinal thickness in the GCL+ IPL and ONL.Whether in the horizontal meridian or in the vertical meridian,the ICC and COR were ＜0.60 in the OPL,IS and OS;while those in the RNFL,GCL+IPL,INL,ONL and RPE layer were ＞0.70.Conclusions RTVue OCT with automated algorithm is a useful and reliable approach to the measurement of intra-retinal layer thickness.Automated segmentation can offer accurate and repeatable thickness profile of OCT retinal image.This method may improve the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal diseases.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors related to sharp injuries of medical staff and explore the standardized occupational safety management model. METHODS According to the recent 4-year registration of 66 cases of medical staff suffered from exposure to sources of blood-transmitted diseases because of sharp injury,a retrospective investigation was taken and the relevant factors were analyzed. RESULTS Operating room and transfusion room had a high incidence of sharp injury,36.4% and 9.1%,respectively. It occurred frequently in treatment of the morning hours (45.5%). As lack of occupational safety prevention and awareness of the standardized preventive measures,there was a high incidence in lower stage clinical medical staff and interns (60.6%). CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to pay attention to the occupational safety standardized management of sharp injuries for medical staff in order to promote medical professional safety.

[ ABSTRACT ] AIM: To investigate the protect effect of Chinese herbal preparation, Qing Yi TangⅡgranule (QYT), on acute pancreatitis (AP) mice and its mechanism.METHODS:Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice (n=24) were randomly divided into control group, AP group and AP+QYT group.Severe AP was induced by combined intra-peritoneal injection of caerulein (50μg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS;10 mg/kg).Drinking water or 24%QYT solu-tion was given to the mice in AP group or AP+QYT group by oral gavage.The mice in control group were intraperitoneally injected with equivalent volume of normal saline and gavaged with water.The mice were sacrificed 3 h after the last injec-tion.Severity of AP was assessed by biochemical markers and histology.The plasma level of IL-6 and MCP-1, and lung myeloperoxidase ( MPO) levels were determined for assessing the extent of systemic inflammatory response.The intestinal microflora, T lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte subgroups were examined for assessing the function of the intestinal barrier. RESULTS:Compared with control group, the mice in AP group presented significant increases in pathological histological scores, plasma amylase activity and IL-6 and MCP-1 levels, as well as the MPO activity in the lung and pancreatic tissues. QYT attenuated these changes to some extent.Furthermore, the increased intestinal microflora was significantly reversed by QYT.No difference of the numbers of Peyer’ s patches in small intestine in the 3 groups was observed, but the percentage of CD3 +T lymphocytes decreased significantly in AP group, and increased percentage of CD4 +and CD4 +/CD8 +ratio were found in AP group and AP+QYT group.CONCLUSION: QYT protects against cearulein and LPS-induced acute pancreatitis in mice.The mechanisms may be related to the suppression of the inflammatory response, promoting intestinal bacteria removal, and regulating the functions of T lymphocytes in the intestinal barrier.

AIM:Using Toll-like receptor 4 gene knockout (tlr4-/-) mice and the wild-type (WT) mice with the same C57BL/10J genetic background, the effects of HU210, a cannabis preparation, on caerulein (CAE)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) and the potential mechanisms were investigated.METHODS:WT or tlr4-/-mice were randomly divided into AP group, AP+HU210 group and control group.AP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CAE (50 μg·kg-1·h-1) for a total of 6 times and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10 mg/kg 6 h after the first injection of CAE.HU210 (50 μg/kg) was given 30 min before and 4 h after the first injection of CAE in AP+HU210 group.The animals in control group were given normal saline instead of CAE and LPS in the same way.The mice were sacrificed 3 h after the last injection.The blood, the pancreas, the lungs and the intestinal Peyer's patches were harvested.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the pancreatic pathological score and P38 protein expression, plasma amylase activity and inflammatory mediator levels, and lung MPO activity were significant increased (P<0.05) in both WT and tlr4-/-mice with AP.Compared with the WT mice with AP, the tlr4-/-mice with AP showed significantly low levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in the plasma, low expression levels of pancreatic P38 and p-P38 protein (P<0.05), and mild alterations of CD3+ T-lymphocytes, CD4+ T-lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (P<0.05).The administration of HU210 attenuated the pancreatic pathological changes and the lung MPO activity in both stains of mice with AP (P<0.05).However, the inhi-bitory effects of HU210 on the increased amylase activity in the plasma and the increased protein levels of pancreatic P38 and p-P38 were remarkable (P<0.05) in WT mice instead of in tlr4-/-mice.CONCLUSION:TLR4 is mainly involved in AP-related systemic inflammatory response and its mechanism may be dependent on TLR4-P38 MAPK signaling pathway.The intervention of HU210 in AP plays a protective role mainly by inhibiting the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and the relationship with TLR4 signaling pathway is not obvious.

Objective To survey the resistance profile of clinical isolates to antibiotics across the hospitals in Dongguan,Guangdong Province during 2015.Methods Kirby-Bauer method or automated system was used to test the susceptibility of clinical isolates to selected antimicrobial agents.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2015 breakpoints.The susceptibility data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 29 665 strains of microorganisms were isolated,of which gram positive cocci accounted for 32.1％ (9 509/29 665) and gram negative bacilli accounted for 67.9％ (20 156/29 665),respectively.The prevalence of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus was 23.3％ (705/3 024) in S.aureus and 43.6％ (1 054/2 419) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.No vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal strain was found.ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 36.4％ (2 554/7 020) in E.coli and 24.5％(792/3 227) in Klebsiella isolates.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 0.2％ (30/13 077).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) was 16.0％ (500/3 116) and 53.9％ (827/1 533),respectively.The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae (PRSP) strains was 10.1％ (142/1 404).Beta-lactamase was produced in 30.6％ (276/902) of the H.influenzae strains.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains was 0.7％ (10/1 441).Conclusions Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is valuable for rational antimicrobial therapy,formulation of treatment guidelines and infection control and prevention measures,as well as preventing the spread of drug-resistant strains.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effects of Haishe capsules on the conversion of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Patients (n=120) with aMCI from our department were recruited and randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group (n=60 in each group).The treatment group was given 0.9 gram of Haishe capsules three times a day while the control group received no drug treatment.Data on the conversion ratio,memory and cognitive function were comparedbetween the groups in a 24-months follow-up.Results By the end of the study,12 patients in the treatment group and 15 in the control group dropped out.Valid data for 93 patients were available for statistical analysis (48 in the treatment group and 45 in the control group).The number of aMCI patients who converted to AD was 6,with a conversion ratio of 12.5％ (6/48);and the number of patients who went through conversion in the control group was 13,with a conversion ratio of 28.8％ (13/45).The difference in conversion between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =3.83,P＜0.05).After 24 months,MMSE scores for the treatment group (25.52± 1.07) had no significant change compared with baseline levels,while MMSE scores for the control group decreased significantly(24.75--1.49) and were markedly lower than thosefor the treatment group (t=2.85,P＜0.05).MoCA scores for the treatment group (19.39 ±2.01) did not show decline until the end of the study,while those for the control group started to decrease about half way through the study and were lower than scores for the treatment group (t =2.41,P＜0.05).Compared with baseline levels,ADAS-Cogscores for the treatment group (7.62± 1.06) did not increase significantly during the course of the study.ADAS-Cogscores forthe control group were higher at both half way (7.70±0.75) and the end of the study (8.18±0.80)than base line levels,and there was a statistically significant difference in end-of-study ADAS-Cog scores between the two groups(t =-2.6,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Haishe capsules not only effectively maintain memory and cognitive function,but also delay the conversion from aMCI to AD.