Objective To quantitatively assess the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in the elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by using Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) and to explore its clinical value. Methods A total of 20 normal controls and 22 old patients with DCM were enrolled in the study. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricle ejection fraction(LVEF) were obtained by routine echocardiogram. And the systolic and early diastolic peak velocity (Vs and Ve) were detected by quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI) and the mean value was accounted. The systolic mitral valve displacements (MVD) in 6 sites were determined by tissue tracking technique and the mean value was calculated. Results The LVEDd and LAD were significantly higher in DCM group than in normal group [LVEDd: (67.56±10.27) mm vs. (43.36±4.20) mm; LAD: (49.91± 6.27) mm vs. (32.00+4.53) mm, t=10.229 and 10.359, both P<0.01]. And the LVEF, Vs and MVD were lower in DCM group than in normal group [LVEF: (26.50 ± 8.25)% vs. (64.00 + 4.72)%; Vs:(5.14+1.30) cm/s vs. (8.89+1.87) cm/s; MVD:4.82+1.85 vs. 10.23± 1.95, t=18.502, 7.716 and 8.143, all P< 0.01].The Vs and MVD were significantly positively correlated with LVEF (r=0.78 and 0.89, both P<0.01). Conclusions DTI can quantitatively assess global and regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic function of elderly patients with DCM, and provide the reliable information for the judgment of pathogenetic condition.

Objective : To investigate the HIV-1 molecular transmission network among school students with newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021, so as to provide insights into AIDS control in school. Methods : School students with newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021 were sampled, and participants' demographics and epidemiological survey data were retrieved from the HIV/AIDS Control Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified in participants' blood samples using reverse transcription (RT) and nested PCR assays, and the HIV subtypes were characterized through multiple sequence alignments. The gene sequences were aligned among newly confirmed HIV/AIDS patients in Hangzhou City during the same study period. The genetic distance was estimated using the software MEGA 11, and the molecular transmission network was created using the software Cytoscape 3.9.1 to analyze the characteristics of clustered cases in the network. Results: A total of 99 school students were newly confirmed with HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021, including 98 men (98.98%), and 94 men who had sex with men (94.94%). The HIV-1 pol gene sequence was successfully amplified from 87 cases, and four HIV-1 subtypes were characterized, including CRF07_BC (49 cases, 56.32%), CRF01_AE (27 cases, 31.03%), CRF55_01B (6 cases, 6.90%) and CRF67_01B (5 cases, 5.75%). There were 30 molecular clusters in 50 MSM, with 2 to 16 cases in each cluster, and 27 molecular clusters associated with non-student cases, and clustered cases were all MSM. Infection route, location of schools and current address of non-student cases were identified as factors affecting case clustering, and the residence of schools was an important area of activity among clustered HIV/AIDS cases. Conclusions CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were predominant HIV-1 subtypes among school students with newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021, and the transmission of HIV/AIDS strongly correlated with non-student cases, with men-men sexual behaviors as the predominant transmission route. The interventions for of MSM is recommended to be reinforced to block the transmission of HIV/AIDS from community to schools.

Objective:To analyze the HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases before antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Hangzhou.Methods:Blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed HIV-1/AIDS cases not receiving ART in Hangzhou from 2020 to 2022. HIV-1 pol gene was amplified and then sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was construct using MEGA7.0 software to analyse the HIV-1 subtypes, The sequences were submitted to the Stanford University drug resistance database to identify drug resistance mutation sites and drug sensitivity. Results:A total of 2 700 sequences were obtained. Twelve subtypes were identified, and the predominant subtypes were CRF07_BC (46.8%, 1 263/2 700) and CRF01_AE (34.6%, 933/2 700). The overall drug resistance rate before ART was 8.1% (220/2 700) and the resistance rates to protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were 2.8% (75/2 700), 1.3% (36/2 700) and 4.4% (119/2 700), respectively. Among the 220 drug-resistant cases, mutations conferring resistance to PIs (Q58E), NRTIs (M184V/I) and NNRTIs (K103N/S and E138A/G/K/Q) were detected in 47 (21.4%), 13 (5.9%), 42 (19.1%) and 41 (18.6%) patients, respectively.Conclusions:HIV-1 genotypes were highly complex in newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou from 2020 to 2022. There were cases showing moderate or high resistance to backbone drugs before ART, indicating that HIV-1 monitoring should be strengthened to avoid treatment failure and reduce the spread of drug-resistant strains.