Objective: To study and explore the early clinicopathological characters and complications by liver biopsy after liver transplantation. Methods:Fifteen liver biopsies from 13 patients were performed in one month after liver transplantation. The liver biopsy samples were preserved in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with H-E. All the samples were assessed by light microscopy. Results: The patients included 11 males and 2 females, median 48 years old. Chronic hepatitis B with cirrhosis was the major indication for liver transplantation. Fifteen liver biopsies from 13 patients were assessed. Of the 8 specimens presented hepatocellular ballooning and cholestasis around central vein, one with acute cellular rejection, one with severe ischaemic necrosis. One of them showed that hepatocellular ballooning and cholestasis progressed to necrosis. One biopsy failed. Conclusion:At least 5 portal tracts in liver transplantation biopsy were necessary for analysis. Hepatocellular ballooning and cholestasis which caused from hepatocytic ischemia were common in early post-transplantation. The acute rejection and other causes could result in liver graft dysfunction.