Objective To use the enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA)to detect the hepatitis B virus (HBV)markers,and to perform the HBsAg quantitation and the HBV load detection for understanding the HBV carrying and viral replication situation when single HBcAb positive or both HBcAb and HBeAb positive.Methods The HBV markers HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb and HBcAb were detected with ELISA.1 098 cases of HBcAb positive,966 cases of both HBeAb and HBcAb positive and 832 cases of all HBV markers negative as control were selected and quantitatively re-detected HBsAg by using the chemiluminescence meth-od.The HBV load was detected by using the PCR method.Results Among 1 098 cases of single HBcAb positive,436 cases (39.7%)of HBsAg quantitation and 230 cases (20.9%)of PCR-DNA were detected out respectively;among 966 cases of both HBeAb and HBcAb positive,387 cases(40.1 %)of HBsAg quantitation and 212 cases(21.9%)of PCR-DNA were detected out re-spectively;among 832 cases of all HBV markers negative,6 case (0.7%)of HBsAg quantitation and 4 case (0.5%)of PCR-DNA were detected out respectively,there were statistically significantly differences among them (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Adopting ELISA for detecting HBV markers,when single HBeAb positive or both HBcAb and HBeAb positive,HBsAg and the viral replica-tion are still be detected out,which needs to conduct further detection in order to avoid the medical risk due to the missed detection.