From the ethical point of view,this paper explores to carry out AIDS-related training for nursing staff,to enhance their awareness of self protection and occupational protection for better nursing work,and provides reference for training in AIDS prevention and control and reduce occupational risk among nursing staff.

Objective Through clinical observation of granuloma after CO 2 laser cordectomy under suspensive laryngoscope to discuss the effects of laryngopharyngeal reflux ( LPR ) to traumatic granuloma . Methods According to the classification of depth and range of CO 2 laser cordectomy , 111 cases were divided into 5 groups , and the incidence of postoperative granuloma of each group was observed .The largest number of the 5 groups was 49 cases of type Ⅲ CO2 laser cordectomy which was subdivided into 4 groups according to whether or not laryngopharyngeal reflux and whether or not proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) treatment.Results In 111 cases, 56 cases (50.5%) developed granuloma after CO2 laser cordectomy. The incidence of traumatic granuloma after surgery was 10%(1/10), 26.1%(6/23), 53.1%(26/49), 78.6% (11/14), 80.0% (12/15) in Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ type, respectively.It had statistical significance in chi-square test between 5 kinds of operative classification and the incidences of postoperative granuloma (χ2 =20.32,P<0.01) and Spearman correlation analysis showed positive correlation between classification of operation and incidences of granuloma (r=0.44,P<0.01).According to LPR (-), LPR (+) and PPI ( +) , PPI ( -) , the incidence of granuloma had statistical significance in these 4 group patients of 49 typeⅢcases (χ2 =5.83,P<0.05).The incidence of granuloma after surgery was the lowest in LPR ( -) PPI ( +) group ( 30%) and the highest in LPR ( +) PPI ( -) group ( 80%) , and it showed significant difference (χ2 =6.25, P<0.05).Conclusions With the increase of removal depth and the range after CO 2 laser cordectomy , it appears rising trend in incidence of granuloma . Laryngopharyngeal reflux and PPI therapy on the incidence of traumatic granuloma has certain influence .

Mesh-related visceral complications caused by mesh erosion after tension-free inguinal hernia repair are one kind of rare long-term complications, but they are easily neglected. Interval time from initial hernia repair to mesh-related visceral complications by preperitoneal and laparoscopic repair is short. Rutkow and transabdominal preperitoneal repair have the highest reported rate. Lichtenstein has the longest interval time and the lowest reported rate. The most frequently eroded organs are sigmoid colon, bladder and small intestine. The common clinical manifestations of sigmoid colon erosion are hematochezia, abdominal wall fistula and colitis, hematuria and recurrent urinary tract infection in bladder erosion cases, intestinal obstruction and abdominal wall fistula in intestinal erosion case, sigmoid-bladder fistula and intestinal-bladder fistula in multiple organ erosion cases. Resection or repair of corresponding organs with mesh removal have good efficacies in most patients. The authors summarize and analyze researches on mesh-related visceral complications after tension-free inguinal hernia repair from 1994 to 2021, review their advances, in order to raise awareness of such complications in clinicians.

OBJECTIVETo understand the syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited from different channels.

METHODSSupported by the China-Gates Foundation HIV program from July to December 2011, we cooperated with community based organizations to conduct syphilis testing intervention among MSM from 14 cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Harbin, Shenyang, Qingdao, Xi'an, Nanjing, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Changsha, Kunming, and Guangzhou) and one province (Hainan province). Participants were recruited from different channels by the staff of local CBOs, Demographic (e.g. age, marital status, and education) and behavioral (e.g. condom use and sexual partners) data were collected using anonymous questionnaires. Blood samples were also collected to test for syphilis. A total of 34 100 MSM participated in the survey. Participants were excluded from data analysis (1 399, 4.1%) if they did not receive syphilis tests or they completed less than 80.00% of the key questions in the survey. Chi-square tests were used to understand the socio-demographic and behavioral differences between each group. Results of syphilis tests were also compared. Logistic regression models were used to test the statistical significance of these differences.

RESULTSA total of 32 701 MSM were enrolled and received syphilis testing. The average age of participates was 30.96 ± 9.57. And among them, 2 284 cases (7.0%) were recruited from gay bathhouses, 4 774 (14.6%) from gay bars, 6 266 (19.2%) from the internet, 1 997 (6.1%) from the parks/toilets and 17 380 (53.1%) from other channels. MSM recruited from the bathhouses had the highest syphilis infection rate than other 4 groups: gaybars (4.5%, 216/4 774), internet (6.7%, 422/6 266), parks/toilets (8.3%, 166/1 997), other channels (6.4%, 1 103/17 380) (χ² = 164.58, P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being > 20 years of age (P < 0.001), having more than 2 homosexual partners in recent 3 months (8.0% (1 408/17 714), OR (95% CI) = 1.44 (1.04-1.98)), having no sex with females in past 3 months (6.8% (1 446/21 276), OR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.07-1.46)), and not using condom at last anal sex (8.0% (769/9 668), OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.03-1.25)) were associated with a higher probability of being infected with syphilis. Whereas MSM married (7.2% (456/6 305), OR (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.73-0.98)), having a college or a higher education (5.3% (829/15 684), OR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.53-0.67)), being local residents (6.5% (1 843/28 185), OR (95% CI) = 0.73 (0.61-0.87)) and living in the local province of project cities (6.6% (170/2 593), OR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.53-0.85)) were protective factors.

CONCLUSIONMSM who were recruited from gay bathhouses have a higher rate of syphilis infection than those in channels relatively. They are older, with low education levels and high-risk sexual behaviors. Tailored interventions are required in the future, especially for MSM from gay bathhouses.

Adult ; China ; Condoms ; Demography ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis ; Universities

Objective:To explore the effects of quality control circle activity in the respiratory function exercise in patients with esophageal cancer.Methods:From June 2018 to June 2019, convenience sampling was used to select 96 patients with esophageal cancer admitted to the Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University as the research object. According to the principle of computer randomization, patients were divided into experimental group and control group, with 48 cases in each group. Patients in control group were given nursing case based on enhanced recovery after surgery, and experimental group carried out quality control circle activity on the basis of the control group. The correct rate of breathing exercise and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC) were compared between the two groups of patients. Results:After intervention, the correct rate of respiratory function exercise in experimental group was higher than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The FEV 1/FVC of experimental group was higher than that of control group one day before discharge, and the difference was also statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Quality control circle activity applied to patients after esophageal cancer surgery can increase the correct rate of patients' respiratory function exercise and effectively improve the patient's lung function.

OBJECTIVEThrough clinical observation of granuloma after CO₂ laser cordectomy under suspensive laryngoscope to discuss the effects of laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) to traumatic granuloma.

METHODSAccording to the classification of depth and range of CO₂ laser cordectomy, 111 cases were divided into 5 groups, and the incidence of postoperative granuloma of each group was observed. The largest number of the 5 groups was 49 cases of type III CO₂ laser cordectomy which was subdivided into 4 groups according to whether or not laryngopharyngeal reflux and whether or not proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment.

RESULTSIn 111 cases, 56 cases (50.5%) developed granuloma after CO₂ laser cordectomy. The incidence of traumatic granuloma after surgery was 10% (1/10), 26.1% (6/23), 53.1% (26/49), 78.6% (11/14), 80.0% (12/15) in I, II, III, IV, V type, respectively. It had statistical significance in chi-square test between 5 kinds of operative classification and the incidences of postoperative granuloma (χ² = 20.32, P < 0.01) and Spearman correlation analysis showed positive correlation between classification of operation and incidences of granuloma (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). According to LPR (-), LPR (+)and PPI (+), PPI (-), the incidence of granuloma had statistical significance in these 4 group patients of 49 type III cases (χ²= 5.83, P < 0.05). The incidence of granuloma after surgery was the lowest in LPR (-) PPI (+) group (30%) and the highest in LPR (+) PPI (-) group (80%), and it showed significant difference (χ² = 6.25, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSWith the increase of removal depth and the range after CO₂ laser cordectomy, it appears rising trend in incidence of granuloma. Laryngopharyngeal reflux and PPI therapy on the incidence of traumatic granuloma has certain influence.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Granuloma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; Laryngoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Laser Therapy ; adverse effects ; Lasers, Gas ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To report a case of Costello syndrome complicated by curis laxa,and to make a molecular genetic diagnosis.Methods Clinical data were collected from a case of Costello syndrome complicated by cutis laxa.Skin tissues were resected from the patient,and peripheral blood samples were obtained from the patient's parents and 150 unrelated healthy controls.Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples,and all the exons and their flanking sequences of the HRAS gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing.Results The 13-month-old female patient presented with growth retardation,severe malnutrition,coarse facial appearance,severely loose skin over the limbs,and decrease or disappearance of subcutaneous fat.A heterozygous mutation c.34G ＞ T (p.Gly12Cys) was detected in exon 2 of the HRAS gene in the patient,but not in her parents or 150 unrelated healthy controls.Conclusion The c.34G ＞ T (p.Gly12Cys) mutation in exon 2 of the HRAS gene may be responsible for Costello syndrome in the patient.

Objective To understand the syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men(MSM) recruited from different channels. Methods Supported by the China-Gates Foundation HIV program from July to December 2011, we cooperated with community based organizations to conduct syphilis testing intervention among MSM from 14 cities(Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Harbin, Shenyang, Qingdao, Xi'an, Nanjing, Wuhan, Hangzhou,Changsha, Kunming, and Guangzhou) and one province(Hainan province).Participants were recruited from different channels by the staff of local CBOs, Demographic(e.g. age, marital status, and education) and behavioral(e.g. condom use and sexual partners) data were collected using anonymous questionnaires. Blood samples were also collected to test for syphilis. A total of 34 100 MSM participated in the survey. Participants were excluded from data analysis(1 399, 4.1%) if they did not receive syphilis tests or they completed less than 80.00%of the key questions in the survey. Chi-square tests were used to understand the socio-demographic and behavioral differences between each group. Results of syphilis tests were also compared. Logistic regression models were used to test the statistical significance of these differences.Results A total of 32 701 MSM were enrolled and received syphilis testing. The average age of participates was 30.96±9.57. And among them, 2 284 cases(7.0%)were recruited from gay bathhouses, 4 774(14.6%)from gay bars, 6 266(19.2%)from the internet,1 997(6.1%) from the parks/toilets and 17 380(53.1%)from other channels.MSM recruited from the bathhouses had the highest syphilis infection rate than other 4 groups:gaybars(4.5%,216/4 774),internet(6.7%,422/6 266), parks/toilets(8.3%,166/1 997),other channels(6.4%,1 103/17 380)(χ2=164.58,P<0.001).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being>20 years of age(P<0.001),having more than 2 homosexual partners in recent 3 months(8.0%(1 408/17 714),OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.04-1.98)), having no sex with females in past 3 months(6.8%(1 446/21 276),OR(95%CI)=1.25(1.07-1.46)), and not using condom at last anal sex (8.0%(769/9 668),OR(95%CI)=1.13(1.03-1.25)) were associated with a higher probability of being infected with syphilis. Whereas MSM married(7.2%(456/6 305),OR(95%CI)=0.84(0.73-0.98)), having a college or a higher education (5.3%(829/15 684),OR(95%CI)=0.60(0.53-0.67)),being local residents (6.5%(1 843/28 185),OR(95%CI)=0.73(0.61-0.87)) and living in the local province of project cities(6.6%(170/2 593),OR (95%CI)=0.67(0.53-0.85)) were protective factors.Conclusion MSM who were recruited from gay bathhouses have a higher rate of syphilis infection than those in channels relatively. They are older, with low education levels and high-risk sexual behaviors. Tailored interventions are required in the future, especially for MSM from gay bathhouses.

Objective To understand the syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men(MSM) recruited from different channels. Methods Supported by the China-Gates Foundation HIV program from July to December 2011, we cooperated with community based organizations to conduct syphilis testing intervention among MSM from 14 cities(Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Harbin, Shenyang, Qingdao, Xi'an, Nanjing, Wuhan, Hangzhou,Changsha, Kunming, and Guangzhou) and one province(Hainan province).Participants were recruited from different channels by the staff of local CBOs, Demographic(e.g. age, marital status, and education) and behavioral(e.g. condom use and sexual partners) data were collected using anonymous questionnaires. Blood samples were also collected to test for syphilis. A total of 34 100 MSM participated in the survey. Participants were excluded from data analysis(1 399, 4.1%) if they did not receive syphilis tests or they completed less than 80.00%of the key questions in the survey. Chi-square tests were used to understand the socio-demographic and behavioral differences between each group. Results of syphilis tests were also compared. Logistic regression models were used to test the statistical significance of these differences.Results A total of 32 701 MSM were enrolled and received syphilis testing. The average age of participates was 30.96±9.57. And among them, 2 284 cases(7.0%)were recruited from gay bathhouses, 4 774(14.6%)from gay bars, 6 266(19.2%)from the internet,1 997(6.1%) from the parks/toilets and 17 380(53.1%)from other channels.MSM recruited from the bathhouses had the highest syphilis infection rate than other 4 groups:gaybars(4.5%,216/4 774),internet(6.7%,422/6 266), parks/toilets(8.3%,166/1 997),other channels(6.4%,1 103/17 380)(χ2=164.58,P<0.001).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being>20 years of age(P<0.001),having more than 2 homosexual partners in recent 3 months(8.0%(1 408/17 714),OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.04-1.98)), having no sex with females in past 3 months(6.8%(1 446/21 276),OR(95%CI)=1.25(1.07-1.46)), and not using condom at last anal sex (8.0%(769/9 668),OR(95%CI)=1.13(1.03-1.25)) were associated with a higher probability of being infected with syphilis. Whereas MSM married(7.2%(456/6 305),OR(95%CI)=0.84(0.73-0.98)), having a college or a higher education (5.3%(829/15 684),OR(95%CI)=0.60(0.53-0.67)),being local residents (6.5%(1 843/28 185),OR(95%CI)=0.73(0.61-0.87)) and living in the local province of project cities(6.6%(170/2 593),OR (95%CI)=0.67(0.53-0.85)) were protective factors.Conclusion MSM who were recruited from gay bathhouses have a higher rate of syphilis infection than those in channels relatively. They are older, with low education levels and high-risk sexual behaviors. Tailored interventions are required in the future, especially for MSM from gay bathhouses.