Hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by a parasite, Echinococcus granulosus, characterized by a cystic lesion in the liver, lung, or (rarely) in other parts of the body. Typical radiological findings make the diagnosis easy and help the surgeons to plan the management of hydatid disease. We report a case of giant hepatic hydatid cyst in a 12-year-old boy who presented with epigastric swelling and pain for 6 months.Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography findings were highly suggestive of a giant hydatid cyst in the left lateral segment of the liver. Laparoscopic partial pericystectomy was done. The patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day. The patient took oral albendazole preoperatively and postoperatively. Laparoscopic management of hepatic hydatid cysts is safe and effective. Laparoscopic approach is recommended with good technique and controlled suction of cyst content. Surgery combined with oral antihelminthics is the mainstay of treatment for hepatic hydatidosis.

Hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by a parasite, Echinococcus granulosus, characterized by a cystic lesion in the liver, lung, or (rarely) in other parts of the body. Typical radiological findings make the diagnosis easy and help the surgeons to plan the management of hydatid disease. We report a case of giant hepatic hydatid cyst in a 12-year-old boy who presented with epigastric swelling and pain for 6 months.Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography findings were highly suggestive of a giant hydatid cyst in the left lateral segment of the liver. Laparoscopic partial pericystectomy was done. The patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day. The patient took oral albendazole preoperatively and postoperatively. Laparoscopic management of hepatic hydatid cysts is safe and effective. Laparoscopic approach is recommended with good technique and controlled suction of cyst content. Surgery combined with oral antihelminthics is the mainstay of treatment for hepatic hydatidosis.

To evaluate the acute toxicity of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) by oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.) routes, and also the cardio-respiratory effects following high doses of 2DG in animal models. Methods The LD50 of 2DG (in water)was determined in rats and mice by p.o. route and in mice by i.v. route. The effect of 2-DG (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000mg/kg, i.v.) was studied on various cardio-respiratory parameters viz., mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate in anaesthetised rats. The effect of 2DG (500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg, p.o.) was also studied on various respiratory parameters viz., respiratory rate and tidal volume in conscious rats and mice using a computer program. Results The p.o. LD50 of 2DG was found to be ＞8000 mg/kg in mice and rats, and at this dose no death was observed. The LD50 in mice by i.v. route was found to be 8000 mg/kg. At this dose 2 out of 4 mice died and the death occurred within 6 h. A significant increase in the body weight was observed after p.o. administration of 2DG in rats at 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg doses. There was no significant change in the body weight at 4000 mg/kg and 8000 mg/kg by the p.o. route in rats and up to 8000 mg/kg by p.o. as well as i.v. routes in mice. Intravenous administration of 2DG (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg)in anaesthetised rats showed a time-dependent decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure. There was no change in the heart rate in any of the treatment groups. The tidal volume was not changed significantly by p.o administration in conscious rats, but a significant decrease in the respiratory frequency at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses was observed. In the mice also there was no change in the tidal volume after p.o, administration, but the respiratory frequency decreased significantly at 2000 mg/kg dose.Conclusion 2DG is a safe compound but can cause a fall in the blood pressure and a decrease in respiratory frequency at high doses.

Introduction: Correlation of Pirani score and foot bimalleolar (FBM) angle has been used in few studies but correlation of FBM angle with ultrasonography has never been evaluated so they are being correlated in assessing the severity of clubfoot in neonates treated by Ponseti method. Material and Methods: Thirty-two feet with congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) deformity in neonates were prospectively treated by the Ponseti method. FBM angle and ultrasound parameters were measured three times i.e. at the time of initial presentation, at four weeks of treatment and at completion of treatment. The feet were divided according to the Pirani score in groups: one (0-2.0), two (2.5-4) and three (4.5-6). Correlation between FBM angle and ultrasound parameters were evaluated using Pearson correlation/regression. Results: Correlation between FBM angle and ultrasound parameters were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound has the potential to accurately depict the pathoanatomy in clubfoot. FBM angle and ultrasound are objective methods to assess the severity of clubfoot. FBM angle and ultrasonography correlated in severity of deformity and correction achieved along the course of treatment.

In this study we examined the suitability of the-imidazo[4,5-]pyridine ring system in developing novel anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents incorporating a diaryl pharmacophore. Eight 2,3-diaryl-3-imidazo[4,5-]pyridine derivatives retrieved from our in-house database were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against nine cancer cell lines. The results indicated that the compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, K562 and SaOS2 cells, with K562 being the most sensitive among the four cancer cell lines. The eight 2,3-diaryl-3-imidazo[4,5-]pyridine derivatives were also evaluated for their COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity. The results showed that compoundexhibited 2-fold selectivity with ICvalues of 9.2 and 21.8 µmol/L against COX-2 and COX-1, respectively. Molecular docking studies on the most active compoundrevealed a binding mode similar to that of celecoxib in the active site of the COX-2 enzyme.