Bronchial asthma(asthma for short) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung,which is involved with various cells and cytokines.Now,the related genes of asthma is not well-known yet.But research shows that there are related genes to airway hyperreactivity,IgE regulation and atopic reaction.These genes play an important role in asthma.In recent years,it is recognized that STAT family plays an important role in inflammatory and immunological diseases.In this article the role of STAT family played in asthma pathogenesis will be reviewed.

Objective To explore the effects on self-efficacy and health behavior change in elderly patients with chronic diseases in community by motivational interviewing and to provide the basis for the health behavior management of elderly patients with chronic diseases in community.Methods The study was based on a cross-section investigation by random cluster sampling which included a sample of 287 elderly patients.The questionnaire was localized good life club questionnaire of Australia,including demographic data,prevalence of chronic diseases,health-related indicators,self-health assessment,psychological pressure measurement,life satisfaction scale and assessment of behavior change stage.A total of 265 valid questionnaires were effective,and the effective rate was 92.3％.Results The scores of self-reported symptoms and life satisfaction of patients with chronic diseases after motivational interviewing were significantly higher than before (F=8.527,7.697; P＜0.05),the scores of stress scale and behavior change stages were significantly lower than before (F=229.483,91.613; P＜0.01).The score differences with health self-assessment,functional status and social function evaluation were not statistically significant(F=0.222,2.084,P＞0.05).The number of patients who believed their health are better rose from 102 to 114,the number of patients whose life satisfaction were moderate and above rose from 255 to 265,and the number of high risk of psychological stress reduced from 5 to 1.In the stages of behavior change,the number of people in the action stage rose from 1 to 20,and the number of people in the preparation stage rose from 138 to 215 after the intervention.Conclusion Motivational interviewing can strengthen the self-efficacy in elderly patients with chronic diseases in community significantly and promote healthy behavior change.It is necessary to provide ongoing support for motivational interviewing to consolidate its behavior change outcomes,because of the complexity of the development process of behavior change stages.

Objective To study the mechanism of Ulinastat’s enhancement for antibiotics’curative effects in sepsis Children caused by bacteria. Methods Children with sepsis caused by bacteria were treated with Ulinastat combined with antibiotics (UTI group) and antibiotics only (CON group), The curative effects, GSC scores and APACHEⅡscores in two groups were observed and compared, pre-and post-therapy serum procalcitonin and inlfammatory factors were detected and compared. Results The efifciency rate and GSC score in UTI group were signiifcantly higher than in CON group (P<0.05), but lower in mortality and APACHEⅡscore (P<0.05). hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 of UTI group in one week, two weeks and three weeks post-therapy were signiifcantly lower than in CON group (P<0.05), while IL-10 was higher(P<0.05). Conclusion The Ulinastat can signiifcantly increases antibiotics’curative effects for sepsis Children caused by bacteria though lowering down serum PCT, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and increasing IL-10.

Metformin is a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Individual variation in response to metformin exists in clinical practice,which is associated with genetic background.Current researches focus on elucidating the relationship between the polymorphisms of genes and the absorption,transportation,metabolism,and excretion of metformin,and also pharmacogenomics of metformin treatment.Pharmacogenomics also provides theoretical basis for individualized therapy.Here,we reviewed the literature progress for metformin pharmacogenomics.

Objective To observe the effect of astragalus polysaccharides ( APS) on glucose homeostasis regulation and focus on glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 beta) activity and subcellular localization (nuclear translocation).Methods HepG2 human hepatoma cells were cultured in vitro and treated with high glucose of different concentrations (30, 40 mM) to induce hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress model, then acquire optimum operating concentration.The HepG2 cells were treated with APS of different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) to select the most effective concentration.The HepG2 cells were divided into seven groups with different treatment: negative control group (C), positive control group (Tm), 30 mM high glucose-induced group (G30), 45 mM high glucose-induced group (G45), negative control+APS group (CA), positive control+APS group ( TA) and high glucose-induced+APS group ( GA).Effect of APS at different concentrations on proliferation activity of HepG2 cells were detected by MTT assay, transcription and shear levels of XBPlmRNA in HepG2 cells by quantitative real-time PCR, and phosphorylation levels of GSK3βin cytoplasm and nucleus by immunoblotting techniques.Results The optimum operating glucose concentration was 30 mM.The most effective APS concentration was 200μg/mL.The transcription and shear levels of XBPlmRNA in HepG2 cells of GA group were lower than those of G30 group ( P<0.05), respectively, but there were no significant differences between TA and Tm group.The phosphorylation levels of GSK3βin cytoplasm and nucleus of GA group were higher than those of G group(P<0.05), respectively, but there were no significant differences between TA and Tm group. Conclusion APS could improve hepatic steatosis, and its mechanism might be that APS inhibits the activity and nuclear localization of GSK3β, then alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and complications of flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in children.Methods The clinical data of upper urinary tract calculi in 20 children including 16 male and 4 female,treated by using flexible ureteroscopy,were collected from January 2014 to May 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The mean age was 6.4 years (ranging from 2.7-15.0 years old).Among them,6 cases had upper ureteral calculi and 14 cases had renal calculi.All the calculi was found unilaterally with on the left side in 12 cases and on the right side in 8 cases.Ipsilateral mild to moderate hydronephrosis were found in all of the cases.The mean stone size was 1.2 cm (ranging from 0.5-1.8 cm).All the cases were treated through retrograde flexible ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy after the invalid conservative through conservative treatment.Double J tube was left routinely in the sick side 1 week before operation to expand the internal diameter of the ureter.A double J stent was left in place for 1 month after operation as a routine.Results The flexible ureteral access sheath failed to insert into the upper ureter in 2 cases because of the narrow ureter,then the flexible ureteroscopy was inserted into ureter through wire directly.The flexible ureteral access sheath was successfully inserted into the ureter for the others and flexible ureteroscopy were inserted through flexible sheath.The mean operative time was 38 min (ranging from 20-60 min).The patients were discharged from hospital after a mean of 4.5 days (ranging from 3-7 days).The rate of stone-free in one-stage was more than 90％.There were residual small stones in the lower calices of kidney in 2 cases.The perfusion liquid volume during the operation was 500 mL(ranging from 200-1 000 mL).There was no major perioperative complication,while transient macroscopic hematuria and fever were common complications after operation.The stone search was performed successfully in the whole 14 cases.NO residual stone could be found through ultrasound and kidney ureter bladder plain and Double-J stent was removed 1 month after operation.Conclusions Flexible ureteroscopy produces high stone-free rate and clinical safety for upper urinary calculi in children.However,the complications of flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy cannot be ignored and sufficient preoperative preparation and careful perioperative safety control should be required.

AIM:To study the protective effect of aqueous extract of 2-branched and 3-branched velvet antler on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity in mice .METHODS:The mouse model of renal injury was induced by intra-gastric administration of CDDP at the dose of 15 mg/kg.After treatment, kidney index (KI), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) in the kidney were determined .The renal pathological changes were observed with HE staining.RESULTS:Aqueous extract of velvet antler at the tested dose markedly decreased BUN , SCr and the content of MDA, and elevated the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in the mice pretreated with CDDP ( P<0.05) .The pathological chan-ges of the renal tissues were improved obviously , and the injury of the epithelial cells of renal tubules was mitigated .The effect of the aqueous extract of 2-branched velvet antler on renal function and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was better than that of 3-branched one at the same concentration .CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of 2-branched and 3-branched velvet antler has a certain protective effect on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity , which may be associated with in-creasing the anti-oxidative capability of mouse renal tissue .

Objective To study the effect of chronic restraint stress on the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Fas and FasL in hippocampus of the offsprings during the pregnancy. Methods Restraint stress was performed three times each day of pregnant women from day 13 to day 19 (each time for 45min). After delivery, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Fas and FasL in hippocampus of one-month-old female and male rats were respectively examined by immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with the control group, the expression level of Bax in stressed group is higher (P 0.05). Conclusion Restraint stress during the pregnancy can upgrade the expression of Bax and degrade the expression of Bcl-2 of the offsprings; no effect was found on the expressions of Fas and FasL of the offsprings.

Objective To conduct a scoping review to systematically review the literature reporting enteral feeding protocol in critical ill children. And extract elements of enteral feeding protocol. Methods The database of BIOSIS Previews, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMbase, China Biology Medicine Disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang data were searched. Data were extracted on the information of article, elements of enteral feeding, evaluation of feeding etc. Results Three historical controlled studies, three case-control studies, two cohort studies, one narrative review and one qualitative study were included. Totally 16 elements were got, such as nutrition evaluation, estimated energy requirement, contraindication, feeding intolerance etc. And all protocols defined advancement and feeding intolerance. Conclusions Enteral feeding protocol has been used in most PICUs to optimize nutrition. But we observed variability in the composition of protocols and lack of evidence-based recommendations in few elements.

Background and purpose:In preparation for using this tracer in humans, this study estimated thedosimetry of18F-FES with the method established by MIRD based on whole-body PET imaging of mice.Methods:Three female mice receivedⅣ tail injections of18F-FES and were scanned for 160 min in an Inveon dedicated PET/CT scanner. This study selected some important organs (brain, lung, liver, heart wall, small intestine, large intestine, kidney and urinary bladder), computed their residence times. Then, the residence times in mice organs were converted to human values using scale factors based on differences between organ and body weights. OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software was used to compute the absorbed human doses in multiple organs for both adult female and adult male body phantoms. Results:The highest absorbed doses in gallbladder wall, urinary bladder wall, small intestine, upper large intestine and liver are 0.072 5, 0.044 5, 0.043 0, 0.031 5 and 0.028 2 mGy/MBq, respectively. The organs which have the lowest ab-sorbed doses were brain (0.005 2 mGy/MBq), followed by skin (0.001 1 mGy/MBq), breast (0.001 1 mGy/MBq), heart wall (0.001 2 mGy/MBq) and thyroid (0.001 2 mGy/MBq). The mean absorbed doses for the other major organs ranged from 0.009 5 to 0.023 5 mGy/MBq. The total mean effective dose is 0.019 0 mSv/MBq and the mean effective doses equivalent is 0.025 0 mGy/MBq. A 370-MBq injection of18F-FES leads to an estimated effective dose of 7.03 mSv for the female. There was no statistical difference in the doses results obtained from direct measurement of18F-FES ab-sorption in normal people between previous publications by others and our work.Conclusion:The whole-body mouse imaging can be used as a preclinical tool for initial estimation of the absorbed doses of18F-FES in humans. Furthermore, the potential radiation risk associated with18F-FES imaging is well within the accepted limits.