ABSTRACT:As the only intermediate host of Schistosoma j aponicum ,Oncomelania hupensis is an important link of schis‐tosomiasis .It plays an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis .This article mainly demonstrates the following as‐pects :the invasion of schistosome miracidium into O .hupensis ,the growth of sporocyst ,and the mature and escape of cercari‐ae ,which would provide laboratory data from literatures for revealing the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S . japonicum .However ,the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S .japonicum is too complex to description com‐pletely .Therefore ,the symbiotic relationship will be the focus of future research .

Aim To investigate the effect of rapamycin on proliferation, migration, and invasion of squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells in vitro. Methods Human squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells were cultured in vitro. MTT assay was used to investigate proliferation of A431 cells treated by rapamycin at different concentra-tions of (5,10,20 nmol·L-1). Wound healing and transwell assay were performed to detect migration and invasion of A431 cells treated by rapamycin, respec-tively. Reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR ) and Western blot were used to determine the expression of the osteopontin ( OPN ) in A431 cells at mRNA level and protein level, respectively. Results Rapamycin significantly increased the inhibitory rates of prolifera-tion and inhibited the migration and invasion of A431 cells in vitro. Furthermore, rapamycin treatment re-duced the expression of OPN in A431 cells. Conclu-sions Rapamycin can inhibit the migration and inva-sion of A431 . The intrinsic mechanism of rapamycin might be related to the down-regulation of the OPN ex-pression.

Objective To investigate the correlation of oxygen extraction rate (ERO2) with blood lactate clearance rate and cardiac output (CO) in the early stage of post-restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients resuscitated from cardiogenic cardiac arrest,and to analyze the relationship between the ERO2 and prognosis.Methods Fourteen patients successfully resuscitated from in-hospital cardiogenic cardiac arrest in the emergency ICU from October 2012 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.These patients were assigned to survival group (n =5) or death group (n =9) as per the outcome at 72 h after ROSC.At admission (0 h),3,6 and 12 h after ROSC,arterial blood and venous blood were drawn to detect ERO2 and lactate clearance rate.Cardiac output (CO) was measured by thoracic impedance method,APACHE Ⅱ scores were assessed,and survival time was recorded.Results The patients in the death group died during the period of 12-72 hours after ROSC.The significantly decreased ERO2 at 6 h and 12 h after ROSC,and decreased blood lactate clearance rate and decreased CO at 3 h,6 h and 12 h after ROSC were found in the death group compared with the survival group (all P ＜ 0.05).The ERO2 at 6 h and 12 h after ROSC was significantly positively related to blood lactate clearance rate (r =0.857,r =0.947,both P ＜ 0.05) and CO (r =0.968,r =0.936,both P ＜ 0.05) at 3 h,6 h and 12 h after ROSC.The ERO2 at 6 h and 12 h after ROSC was significantly negatively related to APPACHE Ⅱ score (r =-0.970,r =-0.973,both P ＜ 0.05);APPACHE Ⅱ scores were significantly negatively correlated with blood lactate clearancerates (r=-0.880,r=-0.899,r=-0.850,all P＜0.05) and CO (r=-0.876,r=-0.922,r=-0.916,all P＜0.05) at 3 h,6 h and 12 h after ROSC.Conclusions The ERO2 at 6h after ROSC may be used to assess the severity and prognosis of patients resuscitated from cardiogenic cardiac arrest.

Objective To understand the diagnostic values of procalcitonin (PCT),C-reactive protein (CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),white blood cell (WBC) and neutmphilic granulocyte ratio (NE％) in distinguishing concurrent bacterial infection from idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (ⅡM).Methods Clinical data and laboratory examinations of 118 ⅡM patients were collected.The ⅡM patients were assigned to the bacterial infection group (n=66) or the non-infection group (n=52).The levels of PCT,CRP,ESR,WBC and NE％ were compared by the Mann-Whitney U tests between the two groups and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated in order to evaluate the diagnostic value.Results The levels of PCT (0.06 ng/ml,0.03 ng/ml,U=2.637,P＜0.01);CRP (15.80 mg/L,4.40 mg/L,U=5.944,P＜0.01);ESR (43.50 mm/1 h,27.00 mm/1 h,U=2.266,P＜0.05);WBC (9.85×109/L,7.70×109/L,U=2.675,P＜0.01) and NE％ (80.70％,75.75％,U=2.344,P＜0.01) were significantly higher in the ⅡM patient group with concurrent infection than in the noninfection ⅡM patient group.CRP showed the highest diagnostic value with sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 72.7％,82.7％,84.2％ and 70.5％,respectively.Conclusion The inflammatory biomarkers PCT,CRP,ESR,WBC and NE％ offer diagnostic accuracy in detecting bacterial infection in ⅡM patients.Particularly,CRP is the most sensitive and specific biomarker indetecting bacterial infection in ⅡM patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1) on the proliferation and inflammatory phenotype of human fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLS).Methods FLSs were isolated from the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing joint replacement surgery.All the experiments described here utilize the FLSs between the third and sixth passages.FLS were incubated with HMGB1 at (100,500,2 000 ng/ml) or interleukin (IL)-1β (0.5 ng/ml) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml) alone or HMGB1/IL-1β complexes or HMGB1/LPS complexes.Cell proliferation assay were used by CCK-8,IL-6,IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.The measurement data were compared with single factor analysis of variance.Results Stimulation with all concentrations of HMGB1,IL-1β and LPS alone did not affect the cell proliferation of FLS.HMGB1/IL-1β complexes and HMGB1/LPS complexes did not affect the cell proliferation of FLS,neither (F=0.415.P=0.915).Except high concentration of HMGB1 (2 000 ng/ml) could significantly stimulate the secretion of IL-6 from FLS [(23.0±1.1) ng/ml],HMGB1,IL-1β and LPS alone did not affect the production of IL-6,IL-8 and MMP-3.However,HMGB1/IL-1β complexes and HMGB1/LPS complexes increased IL-6,IL-8 and MMP-3 production from FLS (F=97.804,117.383,70.179,P=0.000).Conclusion Neither HMGB1,IL-1β,LPS alone nor HMGB1/IL-1β complexes or HMGB1/LPS complexes affect the cell proliferation of FLS.HMGB1 in complex with LPS or IL-1β boost IL-6,IL-8 and MMP-3 production in synovial fibroblasts from RA patients.

Objective To explore the effects of vinblastine on abcb4 tumor resistance gene expression in early development zebrafish and lay an important foundation for multi-drug resistant antineoplastic screening in zebrafish model.Methods Zebrafish embryos of 0.5~1.5 hours post-fertilization were exposured to different concentrations of vinblastine, and then calculated the IC50 of vinblastine.Zebrafish embryos of 0.5~1.5 hours post-fertilization were treated with different concentrations of vinblastine and embryo culture medium respectively, and then observed zebrafish embryo development in 24~120 hours post-fertilization and recorded the number of death, hatch and malformation.Evaluating the impact of vinblastine on abcb4 gene expression in zebrafish with quantitative real-time PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization by collecting zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrationsof vinblastine.Results Vinblastine IC50 in zebrafish embryos was 3.08 μmol/L.The mRNA level of abcb4 gene in vinblastine treated embryos was significantly increased compared to blank control group.Moreover, abcb4 gene positive hybridization signals were found in the small intestine of zebrafish embryos after 120 hours post-fertilization and also found in the brain and heart of zebrafish embryos by the method of whole-mount in situ hybridization.Conclusions Vinblastine can significantly increase the expression level of abcb4 tumor resistancegene in early development zebrafish embryos, which indicates that zebrafish can be used as a tumor resistant drug screening model.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in migrants in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster equal size sampling was performed among the migrants aged ≥ 18 years who were engaged in manufacturing,wholesale retail,accommodation and catering service,social service,construction and other and 1501 migrants from five area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was investigated by means of questionnaires survey,physical measurements and laboratory detection.Results Complete data was obtained in 1 496 study subjects.The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 42.65％ (638/1496),the age-standardized prevalence was 42.05％;the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,combined hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia were 4.90％ (73/1491),14.76％ (220/1491),4.83％(72/1 496),25.27％ (378/1 496),respectively.Dyslipidemia characterized by high triglyceride (HTG)and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LHDL-C) accounted for 81.97％ (523/638).The prevalence of dyslipidemia and HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia were similar,which increased significantly with age in both females and males,but was significantly higher in males.The prevalence among migrants with other occupations was highest.The prevalence of HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia didn't significantly increase with the duration of migration.However,the prevalence of high TG and dyslipidemia increased significantly with the duration of migration,the prevalence of high TG in age group ＜45 years showed the same characteristics.Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia in migrants in Inner Mongolia was high,and the main form was HTG/LHDL-C dyslipidemia.The prevalence in males,the middle aged and aged as well as those with other occupations were high.Migrants with longer duration of migration had higher prevalence of dyslipidemia.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the patients with primary liver cancer complicating cirrhosis portal hypertension.Methods Twenty-two cases of TACE combined with TIPS due to decompensation of liver cancer complicating cirrhosis portal hypertension in this hospital from January 2011 to January 2015 were collected as the combined group and 28 cases of liver cancer complicating cirrhosis portal hypertension treated only by TACE without conducting TIPS were screened out as the control group.The curative effect and prognosis of the two groups were observed.Results The success rate of TIPS was 100％,the preoperative portal pressure was (38.4±7.6) cm H2O and the postoperative portal pressure was (28.4±7.7)cm H2O,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05);the preoperative portal vein diameter was (16.2 ±2.5)mm and postoperative portal vein diameter was (13.3±1.8)mm,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The postoperative 1-year stent patency rate was 95％ and 2-year stent patency rate was 90％.The postoperative 1-year and 2-year re-bleeding rates in the control group were 60.7 ％ and 78.5 ％ respectively,which in the combined group were 9.1％ and 13.6 ％ respectively,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The 1-year accumulated survival rate in the combined group was 81％,2-year accumulated survival rate was 68％,and the median survival time was 53 months,while the 1-year accumulated survival rate in the control group was 78 ％,2-year accumulated survival rate was 15 ％,and the median survival time was 17 months,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Conducting TACE combined with TIPS in the patients with primary liver cancer complicating cirrhosis portal hypertension can safely and effectively control the tumor development,reduce and even eliminate the portal hypertension syndrome,and increase the life quality and survival rate.

Objective To investigate the mid-and long-term effects of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA),and to analyze its related factors.Methods A total of 64 patients (81 hips) who underwent metal-on-metal HRA from June 2005 to January 2013 were recruited in the present study.There were 35 males (44 hips) and 29 females (37 hips) with the mean age of 48.26±10.45 years (20-65 years),including 47 unilateral and 17 bilateral HRAs.The cohort consisted of osteoarthritis secondary to the developmental dysplasia of the hip (23 cases,29 hips),necrosis of the femoral head (19 cases,22 hips),osteoarthritis (8 cases,10 hips),rheumatoid arthritis (5 cases,9 hips),ankylosing spondylitis (6 cases,8 hips),pigmented villonodular synovitis (2 cases,2 hips) and Otto's disease (1 case,1 hip).During the follow-up duration,radiographic features,including acetabular inclination angle,stem-femoral shaft angle,component loosening,osteolysis,femoral neck narrowing and heterotopic ossification,were evaluated by hip X-rays in straight and froglike position.The size and type of pseudotumor were assessed by MRI and ultrasonography.Clinical efficacy was evaluated by Harris hip score and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) hip score.Considering revision surgery as the end point,the component survivorship was calculated.Results The mean follow-up was 7.98±2.21 years,ranging from 5.0 to 12.8 years.The mean postoperative Harris hip score (92.01 ±5.69) was higher than the preoperative score (41.93 ±9.09).The mean postoperative UCLA pain,walking,function,activity scores (9.37±0.86,9.14± 1.01,8.77± 1.09,6.47± 1.27,respectively) were improved when compared with the preoperative UCLA scores (3.57± 1.23,5.99± 1.30,5.00± 1.01,3.84± 1.41,respectively).The postoperative flexion,abduction and adduction,medial and lateral rotation of the hip was larger than the preoperative ones.Complications occurred in 10 hips (12.3％,10/81).Seven patients (8 hips) experienced early and intermediate complications,including one intraoperative femoral nerve injury,one deep femoral artery and saphenous nerve injuries during the same surgery,one unexplained pain of hip,one femoral neck fracture,three hips of heterotopic ossification,and one pseudotumour.There were mid-and long-term complications in two hips,including one narrowing of the neck and one pseudotumour which was occurred at 9 years.There was one patient (2 hips) underwent revision surgery twice at 5 months and 9 years.The former cause of revision was femoral neck fracture and the latter one was pseudotumour.The Kaplan-Meier survivorship was 98.8％ at five years,and 95.0％ at ten years.Conclusion Patients who underwent metal-on-metal HRA could obtain good mid and long-term results.Pseudotumour and unexplained pain of the hip are critical factors which can affect the mid-and long-term results and survivorship of metal-on-metal HRA.

Objective To evaluate the transmural myocardial strain in three specific layers of the left ventricle at the papillary muscle level in short-axis view in SD rats before and after doxorubicin administration usmg myocardial layer-specific strain imaging based on two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI),and to demonstrate the myocardial mechanical characteristics of doxorubicininduced early-stage acute cardiac toxicity in rats.Methods Thirty-two SD male rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into a doxorubicin group (DOX group,n=16) and a control group (n=16).In the doxorubicin group,doxorubicin hydrochloride (concentration,2 mg/ml) was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 12 mg/kg,while the control group was given equal volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution.LVEDD,LVESD,IVSd,LVPWd,FS,and LVEF were measured and derived using two-dimensional gray-scale echocardiography at the left ventricular papillary muscle level in short-axis view at three time points (before administration and 24 and 48 hours after administration).The circumferential strain in the subendocardium,medium,and subepicardium at the left ventricular papillary muscle level in short-axis view were obtained using ultrasonic 2D-STI.The values of FS,LVEF,and the global myocardial circumferential strain in different layers of the left ventricular wall at the papillary muscle level in short axis view at three time points were compared between the two groups.After echocardiographic examinations at 48 h and 72 h,the hearts of three rats in each group were randomly selected,sliced,and HE-stained for myocardial pathological observation.Results In both groups,there was a circumferential strain gradient of the left ventricular wall at the papillary muscle level in the short-axis view:subendocardium ＞ medium ＞ epicardial myocardium.In the DOX group,the circumferential strain in the subendocardial myocardium decreased at 48 hours after DOX administration;the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (-25.13± 10.6 vs -17.04± 2.89,t=2.3,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in myocardial circumference strain in the three layers,as well as LVEDD,LVESD,IVS,LVPW,FS,or LVEF at three time points between the control group and DOX group (P ＞ 0.05).The pathological changes were mainly myocardial cell edema,vascular degeneration,myocardial nucleus atrophy,dissolution,interstitial edema,and capillary dilatation in the doxorubicin group,which were especially obvious in subendocardial cardiomyocytes.Conclusion 2D-STI technology based layer-specific strain imaging could be used to detect and quantitatively evaluate the deformation damage of the transmural left ventricular wall in SD rats.