Objective To investigate the role of Ezrin and its phosphorylation(p-Ezrin)in the modulation of rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell(PMVEC)injury induced by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and the impact of Rac 1. Methods Cultured PMVECs of Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into time-dependent injury group induced by TNF-αand intervention group in which cells were pretreated with Rac 1 inhibitor (NSC 23766).①In the time-dependent injury group, Western Blot was used to detect the expression of Ezrin and p-Ezrin after 10μg/L TNF-αstimulation for 0,0.25,0.5,1,3,6,12,24 hours.②In the intervention group,after pre-treatment with 200μmol/L NSC 23766 for 0.5 h,PMVECs were treated with 10μg/L TNF-α,and the expression of p-Ezrin was detected by Western Blot after 3 hours. Besides these groups,there were control(1% fetal bovine serum simulation),single NSC 23766 or TNF-α simulation groups. Results ① Few Ezrin expression was found in PMVEC,and TNF-α could not affect Ezrin expression. p-Ezrin protein expression(p-Ezrin/Ezrin,gray scale) of PMVECs at 0 hour after TNF-αstimulation was 0.21±0.03,and elevated at 0.25 hour(0.53±0.19),peaked at 3 hours(1.68±0.30),then it was gradually lowered,but it remained at higher level at 24 hours(0.87±0.18)with significant difference(F=62.200,P=0.000). It demonstrated that TNF-αcould increase Ezrin phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner.②Compared with blank control group,in single NSC 23766 or TNF-αsimulation group, p-Ezrin expression was induced(TNF-αgroup:0.92±0.12 vs. 0.68±0.16,t=-2.864,P=0.020;NSC 23766 group:1.33±0.24 vs. 0.68±0.16,t=-5.429,P=0.000. When NSC 23766 was pre-treated with PMVECs,the expression of p-Ezrin was significantly increased compared with that in single TNF-αsimulation group(2.14±0.18 vs. 0.92±0.12,t=-14.670,P=0.000)with significant difference(F=73.810,P=0.000). Conclusion Ezrin proteins are phosphorylated by TNF-α. Rac 1 signaling pathway inhibition plays an important role in TNF-α-induced injury by up-regulation of p-Ezrin in PMVECs.

Objective In order to know the influence of psychological nursing intervention on rehabilitation of children with primary nocturnal ensuresis. Methods Divided 112 children with primary nocturnal ensuresis into the research group (40 cases) and the control group (72 cases). Routine treatment and nursing cares were used in the control group, while the psychological nursing was used in the research group in addition. Compared the treatment effect betweent the two groups. Results The efficient rate in the research group was 90.0%, which higher than that of in the control group significantly. Conclusions Psychological nursing intervention can effective promote the rehabilitation for children with primary nocturnal ensuresis.

Objective: To observe the effect of ivabradine (IVA) on atrial and ventricular monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) and its proarrhythmic action at presence of sea anemone toxin-II (ATX-II) in isolated rabbit heart modelin vitro. Methods: The perfusion of isolated heart from female New Zealand white rabbit was conducted by Langendorff method in vitro. Left atrial and left ventricular endo- , epi-cardial action potential were recorded when pacing with ifxed frequency of 350 ms (in correspondence with the heart rate of 171 times/min) to observe the effect of IVA alone and ATX-II (3 nmol/L) with IVA on MAPD90. In addition, to observe the action of IVA alone and ATX-II with IVA on proarrhythmia when IVA reducing the heart rate to autonomous cardiac rhythm as (156±10) times/min. Results: IVA at (3-10) μmol/L prolonged atrial and ventricular endo- , epi-cardial MAPD90 by (15.9 ± 2.0) ms, (31.5 ± 4.0) ms and (23.9 ± 3.0) ms (n=6,P<0.01), respectively. ATX-II at 3 nmol/L prolonged atrial and ventricular MAPD90 by (36.5 ± 5.0)ms and (19.9 ± 3.0) ms, (19.5 ± 4.0) ms (n=6,P<0.01) respectively. With ATX-II treatment, IVA at (6-10) μmol/L decreased atrial MAPD90 by (14.4 ± 4.0) ms (n=6,P<0.01), it induced atrial arrhythmia. With 3 nmol/L of ATX-II treated ventricle, IVA at (3-10) μmol/L obviously prolonged endo- and epi-cardial MAPD90 by (36.2 ± 7.0) ms and (27.5 ± 5.0) ms(n=6,P<0.01), respectively. IVA didn’t increase ventricular beat-to-beat variability and transmural dispersion of MAPD90 no matter with or without ATX-II treatment, no ventricular arrhythmia occurred. Conclusion: IVA prolongs both atrial and ventricular MAPD, with increased late sodium current, IVA may induce atrial arrhythmia but not ventricular arrhythmia in experimental rabbits in vitro.

AIM:TodetecthemoglobinA1c(HbA1c)andparametersofbloodglucosefluctuationinChinesenewlydiag-nosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and further to specify the factors that were related to mean blood glucose (MBG) in this population.METHODS:Newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n=90) from 4 hospitals in Guangdong province were enrolled, and subjected to 3 d continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) after testing for HbA1c and other laboratory tests.Blood glucose data collected during CGM were used to calculate MBG and parameters of blood glucose fluctuation.RESULTS: Correlation analysis revealed that MBG was significantly related to all parameters of blood glucose fluctuation, HbA1c, fast plasma glucose ( FPG) and 2 h postprandial glucose (P<0.01), but not to sex, age or blood lipid profile.Further analysis utilizing step-wise general linear model showed that HbA1c, absolute means of daily difference ( MODD) , difference between maximal and minimal glucose ( DMMG) and FPG had the strongest relation to MBG.CONCLUSION: Factors affecting MBG of the newly diagnosed T2DMpatients in our country include HbA1c, FPG, DMMG and MODD, and thus it may be prone to misleading results that only HbA1c is applied to estimate MBG in this population.

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)on gut microbiota and serum inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in Crohn disease(CD)model rats. Methods:Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control(NC)group with 10 rats and a modeling group with 26 rats.In the modeling group,the CD rat model was prepared with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)enema.After successful modeling,the rats were randomly divided into a CD model(CD)group,an EA group,and a Western medicine(WM)group.The NC and CD groups received no treatment;the EA group was treated with EA for 20 min each time,with 7 consecutive days'intervention;the WM group received mesalazine enteric-coated tablet solution by gavage once a day for 7 d.The changes in body mass and disease activity index(DAI)were observed.Serum IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissues,and 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the structural changes of gut microbiota. Results:Compared with the NC group,the body mass of rats in the CD group decreased(P<0.01),and the DAI score increased(P<0.01);the colon tissue structure was disordered,and many inflammatory cells were present;also,IL-1β and TNF-α increased significantly(P<0.01).As a result,the diversity of gut microbiota decreased,and the abundance of some conditional pathogenic bacteria(such as Prevotella)increased,while the abundance of beneficial bacteria(such as Lactobacillus,Rochella,and Spirillum)decreased.After the intervention,compared with the CD group,the body mass of rats in the EA group and WM group increased(P<0.01);the DAI score decreased(P<0.01),the colon tissue structure improved,and the IL-1β and TNF-α levels decreased(P<0.01);the diversity of gut microbiota increased(P<0.05),and the abundance of some conditional pathogenic bacteria decreased while the abundance of beneficial bacteria increased in the EA group;whereas the diversity of gut microbiota in the WM group was not statistically different(P>0.05). Conclusion:EA can reduce the damage of colon mucosa,regulate the imbalance of gut microbiota,and inhibit the serum inflammatory factor IL-1β and TNF-α expression in CD rats.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of prenatal ultrasonography and magnatic resonance imaging in the fetal intracranial hemorrhage. Methods The 20 antenatal diagnosed ICH cases was collected from 31 200 prenatal diagnosis units in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from July 2012 to June 2014. Maternal characteristics, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging findings, clinical course, and postnatal outcome were reviewed. Results Twenty consecutive cases of fetal ICH were evaluated. All cases were diagnosed at mid or third trimester. Transabdominal ultrasound showed 9 cases of hyper echoic lesions in the lateral ventricle, 2 cases of hypoechonic lesions, 2 cases of irregular mixed echo in the parenchyma, 1 case of hyperechoic cerebellar hemisphere with infarction, and 1 case of abnormal choroid plexus. Seventeen cases were associated with ventriculomegaly, brain compression or brain midline displacement. MRI showed the nodular, patchy or linear low signal on T2WI and high signal on T1WI. Some cases were combined with cortex lesions or abnormal parenchyma. ICH was complicated with other structural abnormalities:1 case of cleft palate, 2 cases of spinal deformity and 3 cases of other cerebral cortical malformations. Prenatal diagnosis results were:2 cases diagnosed as positive cytomegalovirus infection and no chromosome abnormalities found in all cases. The follow up results were:1 case was lost, 16 cases were terminated after prenatal diagnosis. Among the 3 survival cases, 1 case has the neurological complication and the other two were normal till now. Conclusions Fetal intracranial hemorrhage has some image features on ultrasound and magnetic resonance. Ultrasound showed hyper echoic lesions with ventriculomegaly. MRI showed the nodular, patchy or linear low signal on T2WI and high signal on T1WI. MRI may contribute to the accuracy of diagnosis, particularly in bleeding site. The regular ultrasonic monitoring is helpful to improve the detection rate.

Objective In this study, we aimed to translate and revise the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities( SDSCA) and the Confidence In Diabetes Self-care( CIDS) scales, to test the reliability and validity of the two scales in Chinese adult type 1 diabetes( T1D) patients. Methods In the first step, Chinese versions( C-SDSCA and C-CIDS) were developed conceptually equivalent to the English versions. And the investigation was conducted in 100 patients from Guangdong T1D Translational Medicine Study. 15 of them were randomly chosen to be retested 4 weeks later. Cronbach's α were used to assess reliability, and factor analysis to its validity. The relationship between scores of C-SDSCA and C-CIDS were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results The overall Cronbach's α of C-SDSCA was 0.72 and the retest reliability was 0.95( sub-scale:0.67-1.00) . 4 common factors were extracted by factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution was 87.39％. As for C-CIDS, the general Cronbach's α was 0.84 and the retest reliability was 0. 70 ( sub-scale: 0. 49-0. 86 ) . 6 common factors were extracted and the cumulative contribution was 75.41％. The score of the two scales was positively related(r=0.61, P<0.01). Conclusion The revised C-CIDS and C-SDSCA scales turn out to have good reliability and validity, and can be used as instruments to assess diabetes self-management efficacy and self-care activities of Chinese adult T1D patients.

Background: Both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with an elevated risk of morbidity and mortality yet with increasing heterogeneity. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MetS among adult patients with T1DM in China and investigate its associated risk factors, and relationship with microvascular complications. Methods: We included adult patients who had been enrolled in the Guangdong T1DM Translational Medicine Study conducted from June 2010 to June 2015. MetS was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program criterion. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for the association between MetS and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Results: Among the 569 eligible patients enrolled, the prevalence of MetS was 15.1%. While female gender, longer diabetes duration, higher body mass index, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were risk factors associated with MetS (OR, 2.86, 1.04, 1.14, and 1.23, respectively), received nutrition therapy education was a protective factor (OR, 0.46). After adjustment for gender, age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables, MetS status was associated with an increased risk of DKD and DR (OR, 2.14 and 3.72, respectively; both P<0.05). Conclusion Although the prevalence of MetS in adult patients with T1DM in China was relatively low, patients with MetS were more likely to have DKD and DR. A comprehensive management including lifestyle modification might reduce their risk of microvascular complications in adults with T1DM.

BACKGROUNDWith industrial and econom ic development in recent decades in South China, cancer incidence may have changed due to the changing lifestyle and environment. However, the trends of lung cancer and the roles of smoking and other environmental risk factors in the development of lung cancer in rural areas of South China remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the lung cancer incidence trends and the possible causes of these trends.

METHODSJoinpoint regression analysis and the age-period-cohort (APC) model were used to analyze the lung cancer incidence trends in Sihui, Guangdong province, China between 1987 and 2011, and explore the possible causes of these trends.

RESULTSA total of 2,397 lung cancer patients were involved in this study. A 3-fold increase in the incidence of lung cancer in both sexes was observed over the 25-year period. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that while the incidence continued to increase steadily in females during the entire period, a sharp acceleration was observed in males starting in 2005. The full APC model was selected to describe age, period, and birth cohort effects on lung cancer incidence trends in Sihui. The age cohorts in both sexes showed a continuously significant increase in the relative risk (RR) of lung cancer, with a peak in the eldest age group (80-84 years). The RR of lung cancer showed a fluctuating curve in both sexes. The birth cohorts identified an increased trend in both males and females; however, males had a plateau in the youngest cohorts who were born during 1955-1969.

CONCLUSIONSIncreasing trends of the incidence of lung cancer in Sihui were dominated by the effects of age and birth cohorts. Social aging, smoking, and environmental changes may play important roles in such trends.

ObjectiveTo analyze the hotspots and development of researches on animal-assisted intervention in the past ten years. MethodsThe researches on animal-assisted intervention from 2011 to 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science core database, and analyzed the countries/regions, institutions, authors, cited journals, cited literature and keywords using CiteSpace. ResultsA total of 607 researches were included. The researches increased with years, while United States (230), Italy (65) and the United Kingdom (45) were the top three in the number of publications; Purdue University published the most researches (20); and Santaniello A, etc. were the high-producing authors. The key nodes of literature were mainly systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. Animal-assisted therapy and dogs were high-frequency keywords, with 20 keywords of high centrality and 16 keywords of strongest bursting. Hotspots focused on Alzheimer's disease, depression, children, autism. Disorder and occupational therapy might be the new topics in the future. ConclusionThe animal-assisted intervention has been mainly used as a healthcare in psychology, and may be an approach of occupational therapy.