Diabetic cystopathy is one of the most common complications caused by diabetes in urinary system.There were no obvious clinical manifestations in the early stage of the disease.With the progress of the disease, various complicated lower urinary tract symptoms appeared gradually.All these clinical manifestations cause grate trouble in the health and the quality of life of patients.However, its pathogenesis is not clear, myogenic and neurogenic is the main theory of its pathogenesis.Some studies indicate that long-term consumption of caffeine can reduce the incidence of it, and this article will discuss the cause of this disease and the treatment of caffeine in order to guide clinical practice.

Effect of-berberine on reperfusion arrhythmias was studied using a 10 rain left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. Berberine, when given 10min before coronary ligation, reduced the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias in a dose-riependent manner. With 10-5, 3. 16?10-5 and 10-4 mol/L of berberine, ventricular fibrillation was reduced from its control incidence of 100% to 90%, 70% and 40% (P

60 years old,serious foundation disease,abuse application of broadspectrum antibiotics,hormones,chemotherapy and radiotherapy,invasive operations,and so on.CONCLUSIONS We should pay atteution to nosocomial fungal infections and prevent and control them effectively by strengthening the detection of the fungus and antifungus therapy.

Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to regional ischemia followed by reperfusion and then tested for responsiveness to acetylcholine (Ach) and nitroglycerin (NTG). The effects of L-Arginine (L-Arg) and NG-monomethyl-L-Arg (L-NMMA) on the endothelium-dependent (ED) and independent (EI) vasodilator were also observed. It was found that both 15 and 30min ischemia followed reperfusion resulted in a decrease in ED vasodilation of Ach. ED vasodilation gradually renewed after 90min reperfusion in the 15min ischemic group, not in the 30min ischemic group. No significant decrease in EI vasodilation of NTG in all groups. L-Arg accelerated the renewing of ED vasodilation of Ach in the 15 min ischemia-reperfusion group, not in the 30min ischemia-reperfusion group. L-NMMA was an inverse action. The results indicate that brief ischemia followed by reperfusion can induce coronary endothelium dysfunction which may be related to the decrease of endothelium derived relaxing factor.

The association between serum fetuin A and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) was investigated.Serum levels of fetuin-A and adiponectin were measured by ELISA and the clinical data were collected in 101 T2DM patients with normal albuminuria (NA group),87 patients with microalbuminuria (MA group),44 patients with overt albuminuria (OA group),and 130 normal control subjects (NC group).Fetuin-A levels increased progressively from NC,NA,MA,to OA groups,and there were significant differences among groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Fetuin-A level in patients was positively associated with duration of illness,urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR),fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,and C-reactive protein(CRP,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but was negatively associated with age and adiponectin (all P＜ 0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that duration of diabetes,fetuin-A,CRP,and adiponectin were independent determinants for ACR (all P ＜ 0.01).Fetuin-A may be involved in the development and pathogenesis of DN by proinflammatory effects and repressing adiponectin production.

Objective:To evaluate any effect of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on the motor functioning of rats modelling stroke using the Catwalk gait analysis system.Methods:A stroke model was induced in 24 rats using middle cerebral artery embolization. They were then randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group and a tPCS group, each of 8. Neurological deficit scores were assigned 1 day after the modeling. Beginning two days after the modeling the tPCS group was given 20 minutes of tPCS daily with an intensity of 0.2mA at 10Hz for 7 days. Gait data were collected using the Catwalk gait system 1 day before, as well as 1 and 9 days after the modeling.Results:Nine days after the modeling the average Bederson neuroethology score of the tPCS group was significantly lower than one day after the modelling and significantly lower than the model group′s average. One day after the modelling significant differences were observed in the model and tPCS groups in the average contact area of the affected limb′s paw prints, limb swing speed, stride length, limb speed, swing time, average running speed and standing time compared with before the operation. After nine days the average standing time on the affected fore and hind limbs, as well as the paw contact areas were significantly better in the tPCS group than in the model group.Conclusion:tPCS can promote improvements in gait after ischemia and reperfusion, at least in rats.

Objective To explore the effect of action verb processing on the excitability of the motor cortex and any effect on the upper limb motor function of stroke survivors.Methods Experiment 1:The motor evoked potential by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-MEP) was measured while 18 healthy subjects were processing concrete action verbs or abstract verbs.Experiment 2:Eight hemiplegic stroke survivors were asked to read silently text describing concrete hand actions,and then repeat and explain the meaning of the action verbs used in the text.This was repeated for 30 minutes per day,5 days per week for 3 weeks.In the 2nd week the same training was conducted except that the text was about abstract verbs.The modified Ashworth scale (MAS),Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),the Hong Kong version of the functional test for a hemiplegic upper extremity (FTHUE-HK) and a simple test for evaluating hand function (STEF) were used to assess upper limb motor function before and after the training each week.Results Experiment 1:Processing the concrete action verbs induced significantly greater MEP than processing the abstract verbs.Experiment 2:The average FMA and STEF ratings improved significantly after the training each week.Training with the concrete action verbs resulted in significantly better FMA and STEF scores than with the abstract verbs.The average MAS score increased significantly week by week.There was significantly more improvement in the average FTHUE-HK rating after the 1st and 3rd week of training than after the 2nd week.Conclusion Action verb processing induces greater motor cortex excitation than abstract verb processing among healthy subjects and better improves the upper limb motor function of stroke survivors.

Objective:To explore the optimal local treatment pattern of supraclavicular lymph node in breast cancer patients with synchronous ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (sISLM).Methods:Clinical data of 128 breast cancer patients with sISLM admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 68 cases were treated with supraclavicular lymph node dissection combined with radiotherapy, and 60 cases received radiotherapy alone. The locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were statistically compared between two groups.Results:Univariate analysis demonstrated that the 5-year LRFS, DMFS, PFS and OS did not significantly differ between two groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the local treatment pattern of supraclavicular lymph node was an independent prognostic factor for the 5-year DMFS, PFS and OS (all P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that when radiotherapy alone was performed, the 5-year OS of patients in the supraclavicular region radiation dose of>50 Gy group were significantly better than that in the 50 Gy group ( P=0.047). When supraclavicular lymph node dissection combined with radiotherapy was delivered, if the number of dissection was less than 10, the 5-year LRFS, DMFS, PFS, OS of patients in the>50 Gy group were all better than those in the 50 Gy group numerically without statistical significance (all P>0.05). If the number of dissection was ≥10, the 5-year LRFS, DMFS, PFS, OS in the 50 Gy group were better than those in the>50 Gy group numerically, whereas significant difference was only found in the 5-year DMFS ( P=0.028). Conclusions:Supraclavicular lymph node dissection combined with radiotherapy may be the optimal local treatment pattern for supraclavicular lymph node. When radiotherapy alone is performed, a radiation boost to the supraclavicular region may improve OS. When supraclavicular lymph node dissection combined with radiotherapy is performed, if the degree of dissection is low, a radiation boost to the supraclavicular region may bring clinical benefits. However, if the degree of dissection is high, a radiation boost to the supraclavicular region may not bring significant clinical benefits.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of minocycline on hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in rat spinal dorsal horn.

METHODSIn vitro spinal cord transverse slices were prepared from 3-5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Using whole-cell patch clamp technique, Ih currents were recorded before and after bath application of minocycline (1-300 µmol/L) to the SG neurons.

RESULTSIh currents were observed in nearly 50% of the recorded neurons, and were blocked by Ih blocker CsCl and ZD7288. Minocycline rapidly and reversibly reduced the amplitude of Ih and decreased the current density in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 34 µmol/L.

CONCLUSIONMinocycline suppresses the excitability of SG neurons through inhibiting the amplitude and current density of Ih and thereby contributes to pain modulation.

Animals ; Male ; Minocycline ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Gelatinosa ; cytology

Diabetic bladder dysfunction is one of the most common complications of urinary tract in diabetes. It is believed that the disorders of glucose metabolism, local tissue ischemia, superoxide-induced free radical production and axonal transport disorder are all involved in the development of diabetic bladder nerve dysfunction. Oxidative stress is believed to be the core mechanism of the above mentioned etiology. It may affect the transcription and translation process in the nucleus by interfering with the balance of intracellular oxidation and antioxidant, metabolism of neurotrophic factors and cellular signal transduction pathways, resulting in dysfunction of several important cellular pathways and decreased membrane stability. And eventually lead to nerve cell apoptosis. Therefore, controlling blood glucose, improving the microenvironment around dorsal root neurons, and protecting the stability of mitochondrial membrane may be potential methods for the treatment of diabetic bladder nerve dysfunction.