Objective: The study was to exlpore the nutritional, antioxidative functions and toxicology of ascorbic acid in different levels in vitro. [WT5FZ]Methods: Hela (human transformed epithelial) cells incubated with three levels of ascorbic acid, i.e. 0.1 mmol/L, 0.25 mmol/L and 0.5 mmol/L, were calculated and a single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was used for measuring DNA oxidative damage. [WT5FZ]Results: The results showed that there were no differences in spontaneous DNA damage of Hela cells incubated with three levels of ascorbic acid. However, there was a less DNA oxidative damage induced by H 2O 2 in 0.1 mmol/L and 0.25 mmol/L of ascorbic acid supplemented groups respectively than in control group. In contrast, more serious DNA damage was found in 0.5 mmol/L ascorbic acid supplemented group. [WT5FZ]Conclusion: It is suggested that the higher levels of ascorbic acid might not directly damage DNA; the moderate supplementation of ascorbic acid may increase antioxidative ability of cells; excess ascorbic acid is harmful to DNA and enhances the susceptibility to H 2O 2 potentially.

Emphasizing symptom efficacy is an important manifestation of the personalized diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. However， in current clinical practice of TCM， there are challenges such as diverse symptom expressions， difficulty in standardization， inconsistent evaluation standards for symptom efficacy， lack of universal quantitative methods， and complexity in collecting complete and accurate symptom information. These issues hinder the full and effective utilization of symptom information. Addressing the current research status and existing problems of symptom terminology standardization， quantification and grading of symptom efficacy， and collection of symptom information， this paper proposes methodological strategies for effectively recording and utilizing TCM symptom efficacy information in the era of big data. These strategies include collecting TCM symptom information based on patient reporting， standardizing the evaluation of TCM symptom efficacy from measurement scales and evaluation dimensions， integrating TCM symptom efficacy evaluation into clinical diagnosis and treatment processes， and utilizing artificial intelligence technology to acquire and process TCM symptom efficacy information. TCM symptom efficacy evaluation strategies based on patient perspectives and artificial intelligence technology will help fully explore the value of data elements， promote the objective demonstration of the specific efficacy of TCM， and facilitate the discovery of effective patterns.

Objective To characterize the distribution and assess the exposure to phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the indoor dust of Shanghai City. Methods Samples were collected from 33 sampling sites， including homes， hotels， offices and public places， in Shanghai in 2018， 2019， and 2020. The samples were pretreated by 100 sieves， extracted and concentrated， and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion mode （SIM）. Results Results on the characteristics of PAEs in indoor dust in different places showed that concentrations of PAEs were in a range of <0.01-2 464 mg·kg^-1.The average concentration of 16 PAEs was 613 mg·kg^-1. Bis（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）， di-iso-butyl phthalate （DiBP）， di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） and di-n-octyl phthalate （DnOP） were the main components of PAEs in indoor dust， accounting for approximately 99.5% of 16 PAEs. The intake of DEHP， DBP， DEP and BBP was lower than the tolerable daily intake （TDI） and reference doses （RfD） set by EU CSTEE and U.S. EPA. Conclusion Average daily dose （ADD） via indoor dust is estimated， and the order of intake through different pathways is hand-oral intake>skin contact>respiratory inhalation. Exposure risk of PAEs in children is greater than that in adults.