Objective : To investigate the quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide insights into the control of AIDS. Methods : From 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2018, the demographic characteristics, medical expenditures and disease status were collected from HIV/AIDS patients living in Hangzhou City, and the quality of life was assessed using the simplified Chinese version of Medical Outcomes Study-HIV Health Survey ( MOS-HIV ). Factors affecting the quality of life were identified among HIV/AIDS patients using multivariable linear regression analysis. Results : A total of 2 808 HIV/AIDS patients were surveyed, including 1 684 cases with HIV infections and 1 124 cases with AIDS. The participants included 2 510 men ( 89.39% ) and 298 women ( 10.61% ), and were predominantly at ages of 25 to 39 years ( 1 531 cases, 54.52% ). The physical and mental health scores were 53.87±6.96 and 46.03±9.09, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified age, average monthly income, self-paid medical expenses during the past year, and the latest CD4+T cell count as factors affecting physical and mental health ( P<0.05 ). Conclusions The quality of life is low among people living with HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City, and is associated with age, income, medical expenditures and CD4+T cell count.

A valve-free continuous flow method and instrument were established,with only a multi-channel pump for delivering the sample and reagent,and without any injection or solenoid valves and sample loop for selecting and adding the sample or reagent.Nitrate was reduced to nitrite with Cu-Cd reductant column,and then detected with spectrophotometric detector.The proposed method was suitable for determination of nitrate at normal level in most of estuary and coastal seawaters.With the optimum parameters,the linear range and detection limit were 5-180 μmol/L and 0.27 μmol/L,respectively.The samples of 10 and 80 μmol/L nitrate were continually measured for 11 times,and the relative standard deviations were 1.4％ and 1.3％,respectively.The recovery of real samples at different salinity ranged between 99.4％ and 106.1％.There was no significant difference in the analytical results between the proposed method and the flow injection analysis (FIA).In comparison with FIA,the method and instrument were less cost and easy to operate,and was suitable to be applied in general laboratories and field for continuous monitoring.The method was successfully used to measure the nitrate in seawater samples in Xiamen's Western Harbor and monitor nitrate in Jiulongjiang estuary.

Objective : To investigate the HIV-1 molecular transmission network among school students with newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021, so as to provide insights into AIDS control in school. Methods : School students with newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021 were sampled, and participants' demographics and epidemiological survey data were retrieved from the HIV/AIDS Control Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified in participants' blood samples using reverse transcription (RT) and nested PCR assays, and the HIV subtypes were characterized through multiple sequence alignments. The gene sequences were aligned among newly confirmed HIV/AIDS patients in Hangzhou City during the same study period. The genetic distance was estimated using the software MEGA 11, and the molecular transmission network was created using the software Cytoscape 3.9.1 to analyze the characteristics of clustered cases in the network. Results: A total of 99 school students were newly confirmed with HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021, including 98 men (98.98%), and 94 men who had sex with men (94.94%). The HIV-1 pol gene sequence was successfully amplified from 87 cases, and four HIV-1 subtypes were characterized, including CRF07_BC (49 cases, 56.32%), CRF01_AE (27 cases, 31.03%), CRF55_01B (6 cases, 6.90%) and CRF67_01B (5 cases, 5.75%). There were 30 molecular clusters in 50 MSM, with 2 to 16 cases in each cluster, and 27 molecular clusters associated with non-student cases, and clustered cases were all MSM. Infection route, location of schools and current address of non-student cases were identified as factors affecting case clustering, and the residence of schools was an important area of activity among clustered HIV/AIDS cases. Conclusions CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were predominant HIV-1 subtypes among school students with newly confirmed HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2021, and the transmission of HIV/AIDS strongly correlated with non-student cases, with men-men sexual behaviors as the predominant transmission route. The interventions for of MSM is recommended to be reinforced to block the transmission of HIV/AIDS from community to schools.

Objective: To analyze the infection characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the reference for effective AIDS intervention. Methods: Newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were recruited. Demographic information, HIV testing status, infection routes and sexual behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys. Blood samples were collected before antiviral treatment, and HIV-1 pol gene sequences were detected to construct molecular transmission networks. The characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases, including infection routes, time, and location were analyzed. Factors affecting infection time and location among HIV/AIDS cases were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 007 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Hangzhou City in 2022, with 907 cases (90.07%) completing questionnaire surveys. Among them, 833 were males (91.84%), and 532 had out-of-province household registrations (58.65%). Ninety-one molecular transmission networks were established, and 276 cases were involved, with homosexual contact as the main infection route (199 cases, 72.10%). There were 311 recently infected cases (35.34%) and 569 previously infected cases (64.66%) among 880 cases whose infection time could be determined. There were 531 locally infected. cases (70.24%) and 225 imported cases (29.76%) among 756 cases whose infection location could be determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV/AIDS cases who were identified through voluntary counseling and testing (OR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.055-3.175) and sought sexual partners through homosexual dating apps (OR=2.461, 95%CI: 1.193-5.234) were more likely to be recently infected; the cases who lived in Hangzhou City for more than one year (>1 to 5 years, OR=2.853, 95%CI: 1.552-5.358; >5 years, OR=3.534, 95%CI: 1.382-9.804), sought sexual partners through entertainment venues (OR=3.449, 95%CI: 1.390-8.935), online/social apps (OR=2.416, 95%CI: 1.084-5.488) and homosexual dating apps (OR=3.734, 95%CI: 1.677-8.493) were more likely to be locally infected; student cases were more likely to be infected outside Hangzhou City (OR=0.115, 95%CI: 0.019-0.525). Conclusions The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were primarily infected through homosexual contact, previously and locally. Seeking sexual partners through homosexual dating apps is an important influencing factor for recent and local infections, highlighting the need for strengthening traceback investigations of related cases.

Objective To study the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) gene, NPM1 gene and c-kit gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by extracting DNA from the storage of bone marrow slides, and to investigate the relationship between the three gene mutations and clinical features in AML. Methods The bone marrow slides of 55 patients diagnosed with AML were enrolled in this study. The PCR, DNA sequencing and molecular cloning were used to detect and analyse the FLT3-ITD, NPM1 and c-kit gene mutations. Patients' remission, progression and survival time were also recorded. Results The DNA was successfully extracted from the bone marrow slides with -20 ℃ frozen storage without Wright stained, chemically fixed, and room temperature storage Wright stained discoloured by phenol ∶ chloroform ∶ isoamyl alcohol method, which can be used in PCR, direct sequencing and molecular cloning sequencing analysis. 10 of the 55 cases (18.2 %) were FLT3-ITD positive, including 9 cases with heterozygous mutations and 1 case with homozygous mutation. FLT3-ITD positive group had lower complete remission (CR) rate, shorter event-free survival (EFS) time and overall survival (OS) time than the negative group (P< 0.05). 9 of the 55 cases (16.4 %) had NPM1 heterozygous gene mutations, all belonging to type A. The EFS rate of the patients with NPM1 mutation was higher in 10 months and the OS rate was higher in 19 months (P< 0.05). 3 of 9 NPM1 mutations patients were FLT3-ITD positive. The CR rates of the four groups after initial remission induction therapy in order were NPM1+FLT3-ITD-, NPM1-FLT3-ITD-, NPM1-FLT3-ITD+, NPM1+FLT3-ITD+(P<0.05). Besides, NPM1-FLT3-ITD+was a risk factor affecting the OS (RR=1.250, P=0.005). 2 of the 55 cases (3.6 %) had c-kit gene mutations, namely mutant D816H and mutant D816V. The c-kit gene mutations were not found in patients with FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations. Conclusions The FLT3-ITD mutation is a poor prognosis molecular marker in AML, and NPM1 mutation is a good factor for the prognosis. NPM1-FLT3-ITD+is a risk factor affecting OS. The rate of c-kit gene mutation is low in AML, without the overlap of FLT3 and NPM1 mutations.

Objective: To analyze current situation of HIV/AIDS case detection and factors associated with late diagnosis among the newly diagnosed cases from 2013 to 2018 in Hangzhou, so as to provide basis for improving the detection capacity of HIV. Methods: The data of HIV testing and newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou from 2013 to 2018 were collected through the China AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. The proportion of HIV antibody detection and positive cases in different regions, detection ways and high-risk groups were analyzed. The influencing factors for late diagnosis were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The proportions of cases with HIV detected, HIV positive and late diagnosis increased from 2013 to 2018, and the annual ones were 24.99%, 6.95 per ten thousand and 30.07%, respectively. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people who were male ( OR=1.656, 95%CI: 1.351-2.030 ) and aged older ( OR: 1.912-5.117, 95%CI: 1.250-7.904 ) had higher risks of late diagnosis; who detected HIV through pre-test of receiving blood ( OR=4.429, 95%CI:2.217-9.225 ) , other inpatient detection ( OR=2.137, 95%CI: 1.615-2.826 ) , preoperative testing ( OR=2.137, 95%CI: 1.615-2.826 ) and testing of STD clinic attendants ( OR=1.359, 95%CI: 1.007-1.834 ) had higher risks of late diagnosis compared to those diagnosed at VCT clinics; who diagnosed at CDCs ( OR=0.714,95%CI: 0.558-0.915 ) and community health centers ( OR=0.645, 95%CI: 0.441-0.943 ) had lower risks of late diagnosis than those diagnosed in hospitals; who were infected by heterosexual contact ( OR=1.299, 95%CI: 1.130-1.493 ) had a higher risk of late diagnosis than MSM; who had history of STD ( OR=0.818, 95%CI: 0.706-0.948 ) had a lower risk of late diagnosis than who did not. Conclusions HIV testing and case detection had been expanded, but late diagnosis had not been improved in Hangzhou from 2013 to 2018. Age, sex, route and institution of diagnosis, transmission route and history of STD were influencing factors of late diagnosis.