OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Yanggan Lidan Granule (YGLDG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for nourishing liver and improving choleresis, on the rate of gallstone formation and content of plasma cholecystokinin in guinea pigs with induced cholesterol gallstones. METHODS: Eighty guinea pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were normal control group, untreated group, YGLDG-treated group and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-treated group (n=20). Except the normal control group, gallstones were induced by high-cholesterol diet in the guinea pigs. YGLDG (1.81 g/kg daily) and UDCA (30.12 mg/kg daily) were given orally to guinea pigs in the corresponding group respectively for seven weeks; however, the guinea pigs of normal control group and untreated group were administered with normal saline. The physical signs of the guinea pigs and the rates of gallstone formation were examined, and the content of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the plasma was detected by radio-immunoassay. RESULTS: YGLDG could obviously improve the ethological signs of the guinea pigs. Gallstone formation rate of the untreated group (82.35%) was significantly increased as compared with that of the normal control group (5.26%) (P<0.01), while the gallstone formation rates of the YGLDG-treated group (27.28%) and UDCA-treated group (38.89%) were lower than that of the untreated group (P<0.05). The content of CCK in plasma of the untreated group was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (P<0.01), while CCK content of the YGLDG-treated group and UDCA-treated group was lower than that of the normal control group, but both of them were significantly higher than that of the untreated group (P<0.01). The difference of CCK levels between YGLDG-treated group and UDCA-treated group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: YGLDG can significantly decrease the rate of gallstone formation in guinea pigs. It may be related to elevating the content of CCK in the plasma.

OBJECTIVE: To review the development and mechanism of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the unsolved problems so as to provide reference for the clinical application of PRP.DATA SOURCES: Articles on effects of platelet-rich plasma on bone repair are searched from Medline between January 1995 and June 2005 on computer. The key words were platelet rich plasma, bone, and repair.Meanwhile, the same search was conducted to determine the correlated articles during January 1998 to June 2005 from Wanfang database with key words of platelet-rich plasma, bone and repair in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Literatures at home and abroad on the PRP and bone repair were chosen; Non-randomized controlled literatures were included.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 40 out of 49 reports related to PRP and bone repair met the criteria. 9 reports were excluded due to the repeated same research. The rest 40 reports were sorted out and conducted literature review.DATA SYNTHESIS: Platelet-rich plasma was originally used in clinic to repair mandibular defect in 1998, by adding PRP to grafts with a radiographic maturation rate 1.62 to 2.16 times that of grafts without PRP. Up to now, PRP has been used in many medical areas to accelerate tissue healing due to its advantages of safety, simple, low-cost. But some problems still remain to be studied and solved.CONCLUSION: PRP includes many sorts of growth factors and has been proved to be beneficial to the maturation of both bone tissue and soft tissues. PRP is autologous and can be produced easily and safely from autologous blood, without the concerns of transmissions and immunological rejection of various diseases.

Objective:To establish the quality standard system of Gui Erbai gel based on a method ofa system to multiple evalu-ation and discuss the feasibility of the method used for the quality standard for traditional Chinese medicine. Methods:TLC identifi-cation of Gui Erbai gel was established by one thin layer system. An HPLC method was used to detect 6 active components in Gui Erbai gel. Results:Five active components in the gel could be identified by one thin layers system simultaneously with clear spots and good separation. Six active components in the gel could be determined by the same HPLC system with high accuracy. The average content of podophylotoxin,quercetin,kaempferol,imperatorin,dictamnine and rutin is as follows 0. 154,0. 052,0. 138,0. 051,0. 060,0. 048 mg· g-1 . RSD<3％. Conclusion:The established method based on a system to multiple evaluation can be used for the quality standard establishment for Gui Erbai gel with the properties of promising feasibility, simple operation, low cost, high accuracy and good stabili-ty.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and the adverse reactoions of cetuximab combined with cheomotherapy (oxapliplatin or iriticon) for metastastic colorectal cancer. Methods: A total of 22 patients with metastastic colorectal cancer were treated with cetuximab combined with FOLFIRI or mFOLFOX6. The patients received cetuximab at an initial dose of 400 mg/m~2 intravenously on day 1 in the first cycle, followed by weekly infusion of 250 mg/m~2; FOLFIRI: irinotecan 180 mg/ m~2 on day 1, CF 400 mg/m~2, 5-FU bolus 400 mg/m~2, 5-FU infusion 2400 mg/m~2 over 46 hours, once every 2 weeks; mFOLF-OX6: oxaliplatin 85mg/m~2 on day 1, CF 400 mg/m~2, 5-FU bolus 400 mg/m~2, 5-FU infusion 2400 mg/m~2 over 46 hours, once every 2 weeks. The immediate response, complete response and partial response and changes in tumor marker levels were observed. Results: There were 12 PR cases, 6 SD cases, and no CR cases. The rate of (CR+PR) was 57.1% and the rate of (CR+PR+SD) was 85.7%. The adverse reactions during the theraphy were skin toxicity and neutropenia. Conclu-sion: Safe and effective for metastastic colorectal cancer, cituximab combined with oxaliplatin or irinotecan can increase the resectabiliy rate and prolong patient survival.

Objective:To investigate the trend and related factors of suicidal ideation in college students over a nine-year period.Methods:A multi-stage stratified sampling method was employed to select mental health survey data from college students in Beijing between 2007 and 2015(n=9 716).The survey utilized the items of suicidal ideation and behavior from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication(NCS-R),Center for Epidemiologic Stud-ies-Depression Scale(CESD),and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS).Linear decompo-sition regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors contributing to the decline in suicidal ideation.Results:The average suicidal ideation score decreased from 0.24 in 2007 to 0.13 in 2015.There was a positive correlation between suicidal ideation score and CESD score(r=0.30,P＜0.001),while a negative correla-tion existed between suicidal ideation scores and MSPSS scores(r=-011,P＜0.001).The results of the regres-sion analysis revealed that the decline in suicidal ideation was more significant in female students than in male students(β=-0.030,-0.017,Ps＜0.05),and urban college students exhibited a faster reduction in suicidal idea-tion than their rural counterparts(β=-0.026,-0.016,Ps＜0.05).Individuals born in later cohorts had higher suicidal ideation scores than earlier cohorts(β=0.012,P＜0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that suicidal ideation has shown adecreasing trend during the survey period,while it is more prevalent in younger cohorts.In addition,depres-sion and social support are found to be associated with suicidal ideation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of laparoscopic-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction radical left colectomy.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was performed on clinicopathological dada of 15 colorectal patients who were treated by laparoscopic-assisted anal specimen extraction radical left colectomy with self-developed surgical instrument Cai tube between January and September in 2014. Tumor location included descending colon (n=3), the junction of descending colon and sigmoid colon (n=2), the sigmoid colon (n=6) and upper rectum (n=4). Clinical efficacy of patients was observed.

RESULTSThere were no perioperative deaths or postoperative complications, such as anastomotic bleeding or leakage. The median operation time was 257 (range 103-337) min, median blood loss was 50(range 20-200) ml, median time to first flatus was 3 (range 1-5) d and median hospital stay was 14 (range 11-21) d. All the patients had good quality of life and normal defecation function without tumor recurrence or metastasis after 1-8 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic-assisted anal specimen extraction radical left colectomy is safe and feasible.

Colectomy ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Quality of Life ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:Biological markers of the ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex(vlOFC)involved in pain regula-tion were screened.Methods:Chronic inflammatory pain was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)into the left posterior plantar.Paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)and paw withdrawal latency(PWL)were detected to evalue hyperalgesia.Transcriptome sequencing was performed on fresh tissue from vlOFC of mice after behavioral tests.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened by bioinformatics method,and their biological functions and pathways were enriched.Results:Compared with the PBS group,the left hindpaw me-chanical pain threshold and the paw withdrawal latency caused by heat pain were significantly reduced in the CFA group(P＜0.001).The DEGs of vlOFC in the two groups were 497,of which 143 were up-regulated and 354 were down-reg-ulated.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGGs)analysis showed that:In chro-nic inflammatory pain model mice,DEGs of vlOFC were mainly manifested in biological processes such as organic cation transport,neurotransmitter transport,and regulation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration.It is related to G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),neuropeptides and ammonium transport.DEGs mainly focuses on neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions,cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions,and cAMP signaling pathways.Reactome functional en-richment analysis showed that the pathway with the highest number of DEGs enriched and the lowest P value-adjusted was GPCRs ligand binding.Conclusion:Ion transport,neurotransmitter transport and binding,and GPCRs-related ac-tivities in vlOFC are involved in the regulation of chronic inflammatory pain.

Objective To analyze the situation of life sciences and medical research involving human subjects conducted in a public hospital in Ningxia from 2020 to 2022 and explore the problems in the current management of such research and pro-vides suggestions for improvement.Methods Data were collected from research project application documents,task assign-ments,progress reports,final reports,and statistical tables of clinical drug trials conducted in the hospital from 2021 to 2022.Statistical analysis was performed on the life sciences and medical research involving human subjects.Results The number of research projects involving human subjects in the hospital increased annually from 2020 to 2022,accounting for more than 50%of the total projects.Over the three years,the sample size exceeded 100,000,and the number of projects with a cumulative collec-tion of more than 3,000 individuals showed an upward trend.However,the project registration rate was less than 10%.These types of research involve a large number of biological samples and information data,which have research value.However,re-searchers lack awareness of project registration,highlighting the need for greater attention from the hospital.Conclusion It is a trend to explore the medical value of this type of research in depth.The hospital should closely follow relevant national and re-gional policies,conduct dynamic monitoring and evaluation,and enhance supervision and management capabilities as a key factor in protecting biological samples and information data.This study also provides reference for other public hospitals in carrying out related regulatory work.

Human hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis, CE) is a chronic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. As the disease mainly affects the liver, approximately 70% of all identified CE cases are detected in this organ. Optical molecular imaging (OMI), a noninvasive imaging technique, has never been used in vivo with the specific molecular markers of CE. Thus, we aimed to construct an in vivo fluorescent imaging mouse model of CE to locate and quantify the presence of the parasites within the liver noninvasively. Drug-treated protoscolices were monitored after marking by JC-1 dye in in vitro and in vivo studies. This work describes for the first time the successful construction of an in vivo model of E. granulosus in a small living experimental animal to achieve dynamic monitoring and observation of multiple time points of the infection course. Using this model, we quantified and analyzed labeled protoscolices based on the intensities of their red and green fluorescence. Interestingly, the ratio of red to green fluorescence intensity not only revealed the location of protoscolices but also determined the viability of the parasites in vivo and in vivo tests. The noninvasive imaging model proposed in this work will be further studied for long-term detection and observation and may potentially be widely utilized in susceptibility testing and therapeutic effect evaluation.
Animals ; Cestoda ; Echinococcosis ; Echinococcus granulosus* ; Echinococcus* ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Liver ; Mice* ; Molecular Imaging ; Parasites

Human and animal alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are important helminth infections endemic in wide areas of the Northern hemisphere. Monitoring Echinococcus multilocularis viability and spread using real-time fluorescent imaging in vivo provides a fast method to evaluate the load of parasite. Here, we generated a kind of fluorescent protoscolices in vivo imaging model and utilized this model to assess the activity against E. multilocularis protoscolices of metformin (Met). Results indicated that JC-1 tagged E. multilocularis can be reliably and confidently used to monitor protoscolices in vitro and in vivo. The availability of this transient in vivo fluorescent imaging of E. multilocularis protoscolices constitutes an important step toward the long term bio-imaging research of the AE-infected mouse models. In addition, this will be of great interest for further research on infection strategies and development of drugs and vaccines against E. multilocularis and other cestodes.
Animals ; Cestoda ; Echinococcosis ; Echinococcus multilocularis* ; Echinococcus* ; Helminths ; Humans ; Metformin ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Parasites ; Vaccines