The physiological character,functions and applications of photosynthetic bacterium had been discussed,during biotransformation of teh com straw treated with ammonia in aerobic,anaerobic and natural conditions,Comparing the concentration of teh reductive sugar and teh protein in teh fermented borth,we suggest a good way of biotransformating teh corm straw by photosyntehtic bacterium.In the photosynthetic bacterium fermentation in which the com straw treated substrate,teh concentrations of the reductive sugar and the transformative reductive sugar and teh protein in teh fermented borth were higher thean those without ammonia. Analysis of the results shows theat the transformative reductive sugar and protein were the nourishment of photosynthetic bacterium,so theere may be a way that we harness the corn straw by teh photosynthetic bacterium.

Objective To explore the microsurgical treatment for large pituitary adenomas. Methods Surgical approaches were determined according to sites of tumor, texture, hormone level, and T 2 signals of MRI. Transpterional sinus approach was adopted in 82 cases, transinferior frontal approach in 22 ones, transsphenoidal sinus approach in 6 ones and subfrontal transsphenoidal sinus approach in 3 ones. All cases underwent radiotherapy after operation. Results Total resection of tumors was obtained in 102 cases (90 3%), and subtotal resection of tumors in 11 cases (9 7%) under microscope. 2 cases died after operation (1 8%). Postoperative vision and visual field were improved in 98 cases (86 7%) and no change in 15 cases (13 3%). 6 cases relapsed in 5 years postoperatively(6 3%). Conclusions Selecting different surgical approaches based on features of tumor by microsurgery combined with comprehensive therapy are key factors to improve total resection rate and decrease mortality and recurrence rate for large pituitary adenomas.

OBJECTIVETo observe central immediate effect of acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB 34) on passive movement of cerebral infarction paitents with hemiplegia by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and provide reference for clinical treatment.

METHODSWith 1. 5 T MRI scanner, six cases of right cerebral infarction paitents with left hemiplegia in recovery stage were scanned during passive fingers movement before and after acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB 34), which was controlled with sham-acupoint acupuncture to observe immediate activated part of the corresponding brain.

RESULTSThe activated areas of the passive movement in all the patients were mainly motor sensory cortex on the right side. Compared with sham-acupoint, in the left anterior insula, in ferior frontal gyrus, central gyrus, fusiform gyrus, cerebellum, acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB 34) has better central effect. These areas were involved with several brain networks.

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture at Yan glingquan (GB 34) could promote recover of helmiplegia by regulating motor-related network.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Infarction ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo separate and identify cyclopeptides of tubers of Rubia schumanniana.

METHODThe 70% methanol extracts from tubers of Rubia schumanniana were separated and purified by silica gel, RP-18, Sephedax LH-20 and HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis.

RESULTNine cyclopeptides were separated and identified as RA- II (1), RA-V (2), RA-VIII (3), rubiyunnanin C (4), RA-X (5), RY-II (6), RA- I (7), RA-XIII (8) and RA-XIII-OMe (9), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll of nine cyclopeptides were separated from R. schumanniana for the first time.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Peptides, Cyclic ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Rubia ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effect of Astragalus extract on oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy rats by regulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE)signaling pathway.Methods The diabetic rat model was constructed by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin,and was randomly divided into model group,experimental-L group,experimental-H group,experimental-H+ML385 group,with 12 rats in each group,and 12 rats were selected as blank group.Rats in blank group and model group were intragastric with equal volume of normal saline;rats in experimental-L,-H groups were intragastric with 50 mg·kg-1 astragalus extract and 100 mg·kg-1 Astragalus extract,respectively;rats in experimental-H+ML385 group were intragastric with 100 mg·kg-1 Astragalus extract and intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg·kg-1 ML385 once a day.Eight weeks in a row.The content of oxidative stress-related indexes in rat renal tissues was detected,the expression level of reactive oxygen species was detected by dihydroethidine staining,and the protein expression level of quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1),heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)and nuclear Nrf2 in rat renal tissues was detected by Western blot.Results Superoxide dismutase in blank group,model group,experimental-H group and experimental-H+ML385 group were(163.89±20.28),(71.35±12.72),(132.11±19.29)and(73.04±13.28)U·mg-1,respectively;glutathione peroxidase were(12.82±1.57),(4.91±1.18),(8.54±1.09),(5.10±1.43)U·mg-1,respectively;reactive oxygen species were 0.02±0.01,0.09±0.01,0.05±0.01 and 0.08±0.01,respectively;nuclear Nrf2 values were 0.63±0.09,0.28±0.06,0.60±0.08,0.32±0.05,respectively;the NQO1 values were 0.58±0.11,0.27±0.07,0.63±0.12 and 0.31±0.08,respectively;the HO-1 values were 0.53±0.08,0.23±0.06,0.59±0.09 and 0.28±0.05,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the experimental-H group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The above indexes of the experimental-H+ML385 group were statistically significant compared with the experimental-H group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragalus extract can alleviate oxidative stress damage in diabetic nephropathy rats,and the mechanism may be achieved by regulating Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

BACKGROUNDHypertrophic scar is one of the most common complications and often causes the disfigurement or deformity in burn or trauma patients. Therapeutic methods on hypertrophic scar treatment have limitations due to the poor understanding of mechanisms of hypertrophic scar formation. To throw light on the molecular mechanism of hypertrophic scar formation will definitely improve the outcome of the treatment. This study aimed to illustrate the negative role of eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) in the process of human hypertrophic scar formation, and provide a possible indicator of hypertrophic scar treatment and a potential target molecule for hypertrophic scar.

METHODSIn the present study, we investigated the protein expression of eIF6 in the human hypertrophic scar of different periods by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.

RESULTSIn the hypertrophic scar tissue, eIF6 expression was significantly decreased and absent in the basal layer of epidermis in the early period, and increased slowly and began to appear in the basal layer of epidermis by the scar formation time.

CONCLUSIONSThis study confirmed that eIF6 expression was significantly related to the development of hypertrophic scar, and the eIF6 may be a target molecule for hypertrophic scar control or could be an indicator of the outcomes for other treatment modalities.

Adult ; Blotting, Western ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptide Initiation Factors ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of bone metabolism indexes and human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27)in ankylosing spondylitis(AS)and analyze their diagnostic value. Methods:The subjects were 94 cases of AS patients,239 cases with other diseases and 80 healthy controls, and the results were retrospectively surveyed. Results:In the AS group, the concentration of the β-collagen specific sequence (β-CTX ) was higher ( P<0. 05 ) while the concentrations of osteocalcin ( OC ) , 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone(PTH)were lower than those in the control group. In the AS group,there was a positive correlation between the concentration of C-reactive protein(CRP)and β-CTX(P<0. 01),and the concentration of CRP was negatively correlated with the concentration of 25-(OH)D(P<0. 05). However,the concentrations of other bone metabolic indexes had no correlation with the concentration of CRP(P<0. 05). The positive rate of HLA-B27 in the AS group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0. 05),and HLA-B27 had highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of AS. In the AS group,the sensitivity of the concentration of 25-( OH) D was higher than β-CTX,while its specificity was lower than β-CTX. Conclusion:Bone metabolic indexes have great value in early screening and clinical diagnosis of AS,especially β-CTX and 25-( OH) D were more obvious.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of releasing the fibrous bundles across the levator muscle between the medial canthus and lateral canthsus near the top of tarsus in the correction of the congenital blepharoptosis.

METHODSTwenty-seven patients with 40 eyes of blepharoptosis were undergoing the treatment. It was performed by releasing the fibrous bundles across the levator muscle between the medial canthus and lateral canthsus near the top of tarsus to correct the mild and moderate blepharoptosis. A further procedure can also be added to by folding the levator aponeurosis if necessary. In the severe blepharoptosis, the frontalis aponeurose flap may be applied for the suspension as well during the operation.

RESULTSOf the 40 eyes in 27 cases with mild, moderate and severe blepharoptosis were treated by using this method, with 38 eyes corrected satisfactorily and 2 eyes corrected mostly in the following-ups from 3 months to 1 year.

CONCLUSIONThe above mentioned technique may be a good, simple and effect method to corret congenital blepharoptosis.

Adolescent ; Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Blepharoptosis ; congenital ; surgery ; Child ; Eyelids ; surgery ; Facial Muscles ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on adhesion, proliferation, and migration of human epidermal stem cells (ESC) in vitro.

METHODSESC were isolated and cultured by the modified method of rapid attachment to type IV collagen. (1) Morphology of cells was observed under inverted phase-contrast microscope. Expression levels of integrin β(1) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) of cells were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. (2) After being treated with scratching, ESC adhered to the wall was respectively treated with nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in the concentration of 1, 10, 100, 500 µmol/L. ESC without treatment of SNAP was used as control. The migration rate of ESC was detected at post scratching hour (PSH) 12 and 24. The chemotaxis of ESC (treated with SNAP in above-mentioned concentration) was tested by Transwell assay, and the transferred cell number was counted. (3) ESC was respectively treated with SNAP in the concentration of 10, 100, 500 µmol/L for 1 h. ESC without treatment of SNAP was used as control. The adhesion of ESC was detected with adhesion test, and the inhibition rate of adhesion was calculated. The proliferation of ESC (denoted as absorbance value) was determined by microplate reader at post-treatment hour (PTH) 0, 12, 24, 48. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett t test.

RESULTS(1) Small clone formed on post culture days (PCD) 5 to 9. On PCD 10 to 14, cell proliferation sped up. CK19 and integrin β(1) were detected to be expressed in the isolated cells. The cells were identified as ESC. (2) Compared with that of ESC without treatment of SNAP [(35.7 ± 0.3)%, (45.7 ± 5.0)%], migration of ESC treated with SNAP in the concentration from 1 to 100 µmol/L was promoted at PSH 12 and 24. Migration rates of ESC treated with 100 µmol/L SNAP were the highest [respectively (48.8 ± 2.7)%, (82.1 ± 15.8)%, with t value respectively 8.34, 5.10, P values both below 0.01]. The number of ESC transferred to membrane after being treated with 100 µmol/L SNAP was significantly larger than that of ESC without treatment of SNAP (t = 9.24, P = 0.00). (3) Absorbance values of ESC treated with 100, 500 µmol/L SNAP were obviously higher than that of ESC without treatment of SNAP (with t value respectively 4.30, 4.67, P values both equal to 0.00). Proliferation of ESC treated with 100, 500 µmol/L SNAP was obviously stronger than that of cells without treatment of SNAP at PTH 24, 48 (with t values from 2.84 to 8.17, P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSExogenous NO in suitable concentration can promote the migration of human ESC. Exogenous NO can inhibit the adhesion and promote the proliferation of human ESC in vitro.

Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; pharmacology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study effects of P311 on the migration of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in mice with superficial partial-thickness burn and injured cell model in vitro and to explore the mechanism.

METHODS(1) Eighteen male C(57) BL/6 mice were used. Fifteen of them were inflicted with superficial partial-thickness burn on the back. In three injured mice wound tissue and skin of wound edge were obtained at post burn hour (PBH) 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 respectively. The rest three mice were used as normal control, and samples were harvested with the same method as above. The expressions of P311 in harvested samples were assessed with biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) staining. (2) Six newly born C(57) BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 µg/g BrdU (two times a day) for three days for ESCs-labelling. Seven weeks later, the mice were inflicted with superficial partial-thickness burn on the back. Serial slices of burn wound tissue were prepared at PBH 72 and immunohistochemically stained with SP for observation of the co-localization of BrdU-positive ESCs and P311-positive cells. (3) The empty vector pAdEasy-enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and the adenovirus P311-expressing vector named pAdEasy-EGFP-P311 were constructed and packed. Human ESCs were isolated by the method of rapid adhesion to collagen IV. After being divided into P311 high-expressing group (n = 3) and EGFP control group (n = 3), the ESCs in two groups were respectively infected by pAdEasy-EGFP-P311 and pAdEasy-EGFP. Scratching assay was performed on ESCs in both groups after they were treated by mitomycin C for 2 hours. The remaining area within the fixed range was measured at post scratching hour (PSH) 0, 24, 48, and 72, and the wound-area healing rate was calculated. Data were processed with independent samples t test.

RESULTS(1) Expression amount of P311 was different in different parts of wound at different time points after burn. Expression amount of P311 in the newly formed epidermis and hair follicle of wound increased along with prolongation of time. Expression amount of P311 in the epidermis and hair follicle of wound edge peaked at PBH 12 and then decreased to normal levels at PBH 72. (2) Co-localization of BrdU-positive ESCs and P311-positive cells was observed in the new epidermal layer of wound tissue of mice, where ESCs were labeled by BrdU. (3) At PSH 48 and 72, wound-area healing rate was obviously higher in P311 high-expressing group [(69 ± 31)%, (89 ± 26)%] than in EGFP control group [(35 ± 12)%, (46 ± 31)%, with t values respectively -2.336, -2.611, P values all below 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSP311 may promote the migration of ESCs both in rats with superficial partial-thickness burns and in injured cell model in vitro, and it may play an important role in wound healing.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Burns ; metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epidermis ; cytology ; injuries ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Wound Healing