Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Standard electrical quantity (a), chronaxie (?), rheobase (Rh), "b" in Weiss' formula and intensity threshold of duration being 40 ?s and 300 ?s (T_(?) and T_(200)) were measured on peroneus nerves in rabbits. The results show that "a" is an actual index for measuring the excitability of various groups of fibers. The larger fibers, the higher excitability and the smaller "a" values. "b" does not indicate excitability. "?" , "Rh" , "T_(40)" and "T_(200)" are not actual indexes for measuring excitability because they are influenced by "b" in Weiss' formula.

Objective　To analyse the CT appearance of ependymomas and to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Methods　To review the CT appearance of 15 cases of ependymoma that confirmed by surgery and pathology. Results　12 cases were superior, 8 cases were brain parenchyma among of them; 3 cases were subtentorial, among them the fourth ventricle 2 cases. The age of 6 cases vary from 20 to 35 years. Ependymomas superior to the tentorium in the brain parenchyma were the most common, and in malignant parts there were cystoid changes and edema around the tumor. In the other parts were largely solid neoplasm. On unenhanced CT, the solid parts were indense and caicificable and were easy to dicern on enhanced CT . Conclusion　The CT appearances of ependymoma were specific, we can dram an accurate conclusion according where the tumor taking place, the age etc.

Objective To investigate the effects of electric stimulation on motor function and expression of microtubule-associated protein-2(MAP-2) and survivin of brain tissue in the cerebral infarction rats.Methods Cerebral infarction rat models were made using middle cerebral artery occlusion.After cerebral infarction for 24 h,the rats were respectively treated with electric stimulation on paralyzed(unilateral)or bilateral limbs for 3 d,7 d,14 d,21 d.By using beam walking test(BWT) and immunehistochemistry,the motor function and the expression of MAP-2 and survivin of brain tissue in the border of cerebral infarction area were examined at various time following treatment.Results Compared to control group,the electric stimulation groups showed significant increase in BWT scores after treatment 7 d(all P0.05).In the electric stimulation groups,the expression of survivin of brain tissue were obviously higher than those in the sham operation group at various time points(all P0.05).Conclusions Treatment with electric stimulation,in particular bilateral electric stimulation,can promote the recovery of motor function of paralyzed limbs and induce up-regulation of expression of MAP-2 and survivin in the brain tissue of cerebral infarction rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of unilateral and bilateral electrical stimulation of the upper and lower limbs on motor function following cerebral infarction and the expressions of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and survivin in the infarction border zone of rats. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation, control, impaired limb and bilateral limbs electrical stimulation groups (each group included 32 rats). Acute cerebral infarction was mimicked using a middle cerebral artery occlusion tech-nique. After cerebral infarction for 24 h, the rats were treated daily with or without electrical stimulation. A beam walking test (BWT) was used to measure limbs motor function and immunohistochemistry and HE staining were used to detect the expressions of MAP-2 and survivin in the border zone of infarcted area after electrical stimulation treat-ment for 3, 7, 14 and 21 d. Results Comparet with the control group treatment with electric stimulation led to BWT scores increasing significantly, and bilateral stimulation was more potent in ameliorating motor function thanstimulating the impaired limb only. The expression of MAP-2 was significantly higher in eleetrieal stimulation groups than in control group from the 7th of treatment, and it was higher in bilateral stimulation group than that in unilateral stimulation group from tbe 14th day of treatment. There was no significant difference in MAP-2 expression between bi-lateral stimulation group and sham operation group at the 21st day of treatment. In electrical stimulation groups, at every time point the expressions of survivin were obviously higher than that in sham operation group, and it was higher than that in control group and peaked at the 7tb and 14th day of treatment and in bilateral stimulation group it was no-tably higher than that in unilateral stimulation group. At the 21st d of treatment the level of survivin expression drop-per; however, there was no significant difference between unilateral and bilateral electrical stimulation groups. Con-clusions Treatment with electrical stimulation, particularly in bilateral limbs stimulation, could induce MAP-2 and survivin expressions in the infarction border zone of rats. It also could promote the recovery of motor function in para-lyzed limbs after cerebral infarction of rats. The improvement might involve the up-regulation of MAP-2 and survivin expressions.

Neuropathic pain(NP)is directly caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory system.It can be attributed to a variety of causes and has a complex pathological mechanism.Purinergic P2X receptors play a critical role in NP.P2X receptors will be activated by the extracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)to mediate the pain when the tissue is damaged.In vertebrates,there are 7 subtypes of P2X receptors(P2X1-7)encoded by genes,among which the receptors of P2X3,P2X4,and P2X7 are closely related to NP.Acupuncture produces good therapeutic efficacy on NP.To explore the mechanism of purinergic signaling involved in acupuncture analgesia,a review of the actions of P2X3,P2X4,and P2X7 receptors in acupuncture for NP was conducted.The P2X3 receptor is specifically expressed in small-and moderate-sized neurons in the dorsal root ganglion of the primary afferent nerve and trigeminal ganglion.Acupuncture can directly mediate analgesia by down-regulating the expression of P2X3 receptor in neurons.P2X4 and P2X7 receptors mainly exist in the spinal microglia.Acupuncture can inhibit the nociceptive transmission of substantia gelatinosa neurons by regulating P2X4 receptor in spinal microglia.Moreover,acupuncture may alleviate NP by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors by reducing P2X7 receptor in the spinal microglia.

Objective To explore the effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the function and quantity of islet β cells in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, T2DM model group and APS treatment group, with 8 rats in each group. The T2DM rats in the T2DM model group was induced by the combination of high fat diet and streptozotocin, and the rats in the APS treatment group was treated with APS (700 mg·kg-1·d-1, content of APS being 70%). The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of drug intervention, and the serum samples were collected to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting insulin (FINS), and to calculate insulin secretion index (HOMA-β value). Pancreas tissues were extracted and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin to observe the pancreatic histopathological characteristics, and the quantity of islet β cells was observed and calculated with immuno-histochemical method. Results (1) Compared with the normal control group, the rats in T2DM model group had significant increases in the FBG, TG and LDL-C, and significant decreases in the HDL-C, FINS and HOMA-β (P<0.05); compared with the T2DM model group, the rats in APS treatment group had significant decreases in the FBG, TG and LDL-C (P<0.05), and significant increases in the FINS and HOMA-β (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the normal control group, the rats in T2DM model group showed a significant atrophy of the islet accompanied by loss of granular and vacuolar degeneration, and the number of the islet β cells was significantly reduced (P<0.05); compared with the T2DM model group, the rats in APS treatment group showed a significant increase in the islet volume accompanied by improvement of islet degranulation and vacuolar degeneration, and had a significant increase in the number of islet β cells (P<0.05). Conclusion APS can improve the glucose and lipid metabolisms of the T2DM rats, which may be caused by increasing insulin secretion through the protective effect on pancreatic islet β cells.

Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Risk Assessment ; Workplace

Objective:To detect the interleukin-22(IL-22) levels in peripheral blood of the asthma patients and analyze the relationship between the IL-22 levels and IgE,pulmonary function,fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FENO),and to investigate the role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Methods:Seventy-eight patients with asthma were selected as experiment group.The asthma patients were divided into increased IgE group (n=46)and normal IgE group(n=32)according to the IgE levels.The asthma patients were also divided into acute attack stage and clinical control stage according to patients' clinical symptoms.In addition, twenty healthy controls were chosen as healthy control group.The plasma IL-22 levels, IgE,forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FENO levels of the subjects in various groups were detected and compared between various groups.The correlations between the plasma IL-22 levels and IgE, FEV1,FENO were analyzed.Results:The plasma IL-22 level and FENO level of the patients in asthma group were higher than those in healthy control group(P<0.05).The IL-22 level and FENO level of the patients in clinical control stage were lower than those in acute attack stage,but they were still higher than those in healthy control group(P<0.05).The plasma IL-22 level of the patients in increased IgE group was higher than that in normal IgE group(P<0.05).There were significant negative correlations between the IL-22 levels and FEV1 in the asthma patients in acute attack group and clinical control group(r=-0.365 3,P<0.05;r=-0.267 2,P<0.05),but there was no significant correlation between the IL-22 levels and FENO(r=0.011 9,P>0.05;r=0.059 8,P>0.05).Conclusion:The increased expression of IL-22 in peripheral blood of the patients with asthma may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma,and may aggravate the deterioration of pulmonary function of the asthma patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol anesthesia on cognitive function of aged rats. Methods Ninety-six male aged SD rats (16 months) were collected and given propofol anesthesia via tail vein catheter. At 7, 30, and 90 d after anesthesia, fear conditioning experiment was performed to test long-term memory of the aged rats (12 rats at each time point, total 36 rats). At 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 d after anesthesia, spontaneous alternation in Y-maze experiment was performed to test spatial working memory of the aged rats (12 rats at each time point, total 60 rats). Results There were no statistical differences in long-term memory at 7, 30, and 90 d after anesthesia between the propofol group and control group (P>0.05). While spatial working memory of aged rats in propofol group was impaired at 1 and 2 d after anesthesia (P<0.05), working memory of aged rats in propofol group was normal at 3, 4, and 5 d after anesthesia and there were no statistical differences between the experiment and control group (P>0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that clinical dose propofol anesthesia will not induce long-term memory impairment of aged rats, although it impairs spatial working memory of aged rats within 48 h after anesthesia.