: Technology use is common among adolescents. It is due to availability, curiosity and as a coping method to manage boredom, fill up free time and for having pleasant experience. The present study aims to explore the pattern of information technology usage among 200 adolescents in the age group of 13-17 years and its impact on psychological distress. Methods: Semi structured interview schedule, Technology addiction survey and Strength and difficulty questionnaire on 200 randomly selected participants. Results: Addictive use of gaming was present for 39 adolescents (19.5%); addictive use of mobile/cell phone was present in 31 adolescents (15.5%) and addictive usage of Internet was present among 36 (18%) of them. It was associated with difficulties in various daily activities such as academics, sports, meeting friends, socializing and emotional difficulties. Conclusions: This study found addictive use of technology devices and social media among adolescents. This Study has implications for screening technology usage pattern among adolescents; its relation with psychological distress and need for development of intervention programme for technology addiction. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 17 (2): July – December 2016: XX XX.

We report the course of a 29 year old diabetic and alcoholic with multiple visceral and muculoskeletal abscesses that occurred sequentially over a span of 4 months that was caused by repeated interruptions in his treatment due to poor compliance and premature discharges from hospital.

Objective: In an effort to etablish new candidates with improved antineoplastic activity, 4-cycloalkylidineamino 1,2-naphthoquinone semicarbazones were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for anticancer activity. Method: The desired compounds were synthesized by condensation of 4- amino1, 2-naphthoquinone with cyclic ketones and further subsequent reaction of this product with semicarbazide hydrochloride. Compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and screened for antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, MG-63 and MCF-7) by MTT assay using doxorubicin as standard. Docking was performed by using the Glide 5.7 integrated with Maestro 9.2 (Schr?dinger, LLC, 2011) to understand the binding preference of synthesized compounds with target enzyme topoisomerase-II. Results: 4-(cyclohexylideneamino) [1, 2] naphthoquinone 2-semicarbazone was found to be most active cytotoxic agent against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 5.58–6.31 μM. Results of molecular docking were also well correlated in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Insilico ADME studies revealed the drug likeliness of compounds. Conclusions: The synthesized compounds were found to have significant anticancer activity and able to enter in higher phases of the drug development process due to favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

AIM: To evaluate anti cataract effect of phyllanthus niruri (PN) both in vitro and in vivo galactose induced cataract.METHODS: Aqueous extract of PN was evaluated against galactose-induced cataract both in vitro and in vivo. Galactosaemic cataract was induced in rats by feeding 300g/L galactose diet. PN was administered orally at three-dose levels 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg of body weight. Rat lenses were subjected to osmotic stress in vitro by incorporating galactose (30mmol/L) in the culture medium. The effect of PN (720 and 880μg/mL) on the glutathione (GSH) and polyols levels was studied.RESULTS: PN significantly delayed the onset and progression of cataract in vivo. In addition to the delay in reaching various stages of development of cataract, stage IV did not develop with lower doses till the completion of experimental period. Lenses treated with PN 880μg/mL concentration showed higher levels of GSH and decreased levels of polyols in vitro. In vivo, 75mg/kg significantly delayed the onset and progression of cataract as compared to control.CONCLUSION: PN delayed the process of cataracto-genesis in the experimental models. However, further study is required to extrapolate the use in human beings for the prevention of cataract.

Background/Aims: We compared outcomes between use of 15 vs. 20 mm lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) for gastric outlet obstruction. Methods: Databases were queried for studies that used LAMS for EUS-GE to relieve gastric outlet obstruction, and a proportional meta-analysis was performed. Results: Thirteen studies were included. The 15 mm and 20 mm LAMS had pooled technical success rates of 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.5%–95.2%) and 92.1% (95% CI, 68.4%–98.4%), clinical success rates of 88.6% (95% CI, 85.4%–91.1%) and 89.6% (95% CI, 79.0%–95.1%), adverse event rates of 11.4% (95% CI, 8.1%–15.9%) and 14.7% (95% CI, 4.4%–39.1%), and reintervention rates of 10.3% (95% CI, 6.7%–15.4%) and 3.5% (95% CI, 1.6%–7.6%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in technical success, clinical success, or adverse event rates. An increased need for reintervention was noted in the 15 mm stent group (pooled odds ratio, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.40–9.18; p=0.008). Conclusions No differences were observed in the technical, clinical, or adverse event rates between 15 and 20 mm LAMS use in EUS-GE. An increased need for reintervention is possible when using a 15 mm stent compared to when using a 20 mm stent.

In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionized global healthcare and has been predicted to exert a remarkable effect on clinical medicine. In this context, the clinical use of nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis, fertility preservation, and the management of infertility and other pathologies linked to pubertal development, menopause, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) has substantial promise to fill the existing lacunae in reproductive healthcare. Of late, a number of clinical trials involving the use of nanoparticles for the early detection of reproductive tract infections and cancers, targeted drug delivery, and cellular therapeutics have been conducted. However, most of these trials of nanoengineering are still at a nascent stage, and better synergy between pharmaceutics, chemistry, and cutting-edge molecular sciences is needed for effective translation of these interventions from bench to bedside. To bridge the gap between translational outcome and product development, strategic partnerships with the insight and ability to anticipate challenges, as well as an in-depth understanding of the molecular pathways involved, are highly essential. Such amalgamations would overcome the regulatory gauntlet and technical hurdles, thereby facilitating the effective clinical translation of these nano-based tools and technologies. The present review comprehensively focuses on emerging applications of nanotechnology, which holds enormous promise for improved therapeutics and early diagnosis of various human reproductive tract diseases and conditions.

Purpose: An association between Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has been reported. We aimed to summarize the clinical features of GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and determine the contrasting features from coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) associated GBS and GBS following other causes. Materials and Methods: We performed PubMed search for articles published between 1 December 2020 and 27 January 2022 using search terms related to “SARS-CoV-2 vaccination” and “GBS”. Reference searching of the eligible studies was performed. Sociodemographic and vaccination data, clinical and laboratory features, and outcomes were extracted. We compared these findings with post-COVID-19 GBS and International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS) (GBS from other causes) cohorts. Results: We included 100 patients in the analysis. Mean age was 56.88 years, and 53% were males. Six-eight received non-replicating virus vector and 30 took messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. The median interval between the vaccination and the GBS onset was 11 days. Limb weakness, facial palsy, sensory symptoms, dysautonomia, and respiratory insufficiency were seen in 78.65%, 53.3%, 77.4%, 23.5%, and 25%, respectively. The commonest clinical and electrodiagnostic subtype were sensory-motor variant (68%) and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (61.4%), respectively. And 43.9% had poor outcome (GBS outcome score ≥3). Pain was common with virus vector than mRNA vaccine, and the latter had severe disease at presentation (Hughes grade ≥3). Sensory phenomenon and facial weakness were common in vaccination cohort than post-COVID-19 and IGOS. Conclusion There are distinct differences between GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and GBS due to other causes. Facial weakness and sensory symptoms were commonly seen in the former and outcomes poor.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study with simple randomization. PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of anterior spinal instrumentation, debridement and decompression of cord and compare it with results of a similar procedure done without the use of anterior instrumentation. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Use of anterior spinal instrumentation in treatment of tubercular spondylitis is still an infrequently followed modality of treatment and data regarding its usefulness are still emerging. METHODS: Thirty-two patients of tubercular paraplegia with involvement of dorsal and dorso-lumbar vertebrae were operated with anterior spinal cord decompression, autofibular strut grafting with anterior instrumentation in 18 patients and no implant in 14 patients. Results were compared on the basis of improvement in Frankel grade, correction of local kyphosis, decrease in canal compromise and further progression of kyphosis. RESULTS: The mean local kyphosis correction in the immediate postoperative period was 24.1degrees in the instrumented group and was 6.1degrees in the non instrumented group. The mean late loss of correction of local kyphosis at 3 years follow-up was 1.7degrees in the instrumented and 6.7degrees in the non instrumented group. The mean improvement in canal compression was 39.5% in the instrumented group and 34.8% in the non instrumented group. CONCLUSIONS: In treatment of tubercular spondylitis by anterior debridement and decompression of the spinal cord and autofibular strut grafting, the use of instrumentation has no relation with the improvement in neurological status, however the correction of local kyphosis and prevention of further progression of local kyphosis was better with the use anterior spinal instrumentation.
Debridement ; Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Paraplegia ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; Spine ; Spondylitis ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis

Osteoblastomas are bone forming lesions arising mainly from posterior elements of the vertebra. They are commonly encountered in the cervical and lumbar regions. We present a case of a thoracic osteoblastoma which is extra osseous and is not communicating with any part of the vertebra present intraforaminally. This is a rare presentation of an osteoblastoma. Imaging studies do not accurately diagnose the osteiod lesion. The size of the lesion and cortical erosion seen on the computed tomography scan help in differentiating the osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma, but they are less sensitive and specific. Thus a histopathology is the investigation of choice to diagnose the osteoblastoma. Early and adequate removal of mass prevents malignant transformation, metastasis, and recurrence. In our case we excised the pars interarticularis unilaterally, removed the osteoid mass intact, and performed unilateral instrumented fusion. There was no recurrence and solid fusion was seen at 3 years follow up.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Lumbosacral Region ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteoblastoma* ; Osteoma, Osteoid ; Recurrence ; Spine

STUDY DESIGN: This was a single surgeon, single center-based retrospective study with prospective data collection. PURPOSE: To assess the correlation between T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity (SI) changes and factors such as age, duration of symptoms, baseline modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score and to determine its prognostic value in predicting recovery after surgery. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Whether intramedullary cord T2-weighted MRI SI changes can predict operative outcomes of cervical myeloradiculopathy remains debatable, with only a few prospective studies analyzing the same. METHODS: Forty-six consecutive patients who underwent cervical myeloradiculopathy were included and were followed up for an average of 1 year. Preoperative T2-weighted MRI SI grading was performed for all patients. The correlation between MRI SI changes and age, duration of symptoms, preoperative mJOA score, and mJOA score at 1-year follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifteen patients had single-level (21.73%) or double-level (10.86%) prolapsed discs; 54.34% had degenerative cervical spondylosis with canal stenosis or multilevel disc prolapse and 13.07% had ossified posterior longitudinal ligaments. The mean age was 56.17±9.53 years (range, 35–81 years). The mean baseline mJOA score was 10.83±2.58 (range, 6–16), which postoperatively improved to 13.59±2.28 (range, 8–17; p<0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between mJOA score at 1 year and MRI T2 SI grading (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with longer symptom durations had high grades of intramedullary cord T2-weighted MRI SI changes. Age and preoperative neurological status were not significantly correlated with the existence of intramedullary cord SI changes. However, patients without or with mild and diffuse intramedullary cord T2-weighted MRI SI changes had better postoperative neurological recovery than those with sharp and focal SI changes.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Data Collection ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Orthopedics ; Prognosis ; Prolapse ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Spondylosis