Evidence-based medicine,which can be told from its name,is a new medical model based on evidence.The methodology of the research and thinking pattern of evidence-based medicine is philosophical,thus could be entirely applied to the fields of natural sciences,social sciences,and noetic sciences.The concept of best evidence in evidence-based medicine makes it necessary for us to take a second consideration for the function of medical experts.Its behavioral pattern which shows an overall care for patients from spiritual aspects to material aspects,from hospitalized period to a whole lifetime,from the clinical treatment to post-discharge living quality has truly sublimated ethical care to a new era.

Sino 0.5 or 2 mg/kg iv reduced significantly heart rate ( HR), systolic blood pressure ( SBP ), diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ), left ventricular systolic pressure ( LVSP) , dP/dtmax, cardiac index ( CI ) and total peripheral resistance ( TPR ) . VCE- + dP/dtmax was unchanged. T value did't change in 0 .5mg/kg, but it elevated in 2 mg/kg.

Objective To investigate the effect of vascular inner diameter and artery flow velocity on the flow of internal arteriovenous fistula. Methods Sixty-two patients received the operation of internal fistula were enrolled. According to the inner diameter (Group A: d ≤ 1.5 mm, Group B: 1.5 mm < d ≤ 2.0 mm, Group C: 2.0 mm < d ≤ 3.0 mm, Group D: d > 3.0 mm), the patients were divided into four groups in terms of artery flow velocity (Group a: v ≤ 20 cm/s, Group b:20 cm/s < v≤50 cm/s, Group c:50 cm/s < v ≤ 100 cm/s, Group d:v > 100 cm/s), the differences of fistula and dialysis flow for two months were analyzed among various groups. Results Compared with Group B/b, patients in Group A/a had higher risk of operation failure, with lowered inner fistula flow and dialysis flow. In terms of inner venous diameter , there were significant differences between Group B and C. Conclusions It is not recommended to carry out the inner vascular fistula operation. Followed with the thickening and increasing of inner artery diameter and artery flow , the inner fistula flow and the dialysis flow increase. The inner venous diameter has no significant impact on the inner fistula flow.

This paper calculates the temperature distribution of the spherical tumor,applying the theory of electromagnetic scattering and the thermal conductivity of tissues (including normal tissues and tumor tissues).

Objective To prepare and identify monoclonal antibody against LRR-WSC domain of polycystin-1 and to investigate the distribution of polycystin-1 in kidney tissues and kidney cell lines. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with fusion protein PC1-e of polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain. The splenocytes were fused with myeloma cells by PEG 4000 and the hybridomas were selected in HAT medium. The hybridoma clones secreting antibodies against polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) and cloned by limiting dilution. The specificity of anti-polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain monoclonal antibody from hybridoma was verified by ELISA and Western blot. The distribution of polycystin-1 in tissues and cells was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results One cell line of hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody against polycystin-1 was established. Western blot analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted strongly and specifically to polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain. Distribution of polycystin-1 in fetal kidney was localized in tubular epithelium. In normal adult kidney tissues, our study showed that polycystin-1 was mainly expressed in the medullary collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules. Positive staining was also found in the majority of cyst-lining epithelial ceEs of cystic tissue from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( ADPKD) patients. Expressions of polycystin-1 were found in either ADPKD cyst-lining epithelia cell line and LLC-PK1, clearly plasma membrane and intracytoplasmic staining of polycystin-1 were observed. Conclusion Specific monoclonal antibody against polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain were obtained. The antibody is important to researching the mechanism of ADPKD. The distribution of polycystin-1 in kidney tissues and cells show that polycystin-1 was important in tubular elongation and the maintenance of tubular architecture.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEStudies of passive smoking exposure in China however are of particular interest, because of the high lung cancer rate in people who are mostly non-smokers. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between passive smoking and lung cancer among non-smoking Chinese.

METHODSBy searching Medline, PubMed, CENTRAL (the Cochrane central register of controlled trials), CBM, CNKI and VIP, et al, we collected both domestic and overseas published documents between 1987 and 2007 on passive smoking and lung cancer among non-smoking Chinese. Random or fixed effect models were applied to conduct meta-analysis on the case control study results, and the combined odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as well.

RESULTSSixteen documents were included into the combined analysis, which indicated that there was statistical significance between passive smoking and lung cancer (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21, P = 0.001). It was significant of lung cancer among non-smoking subjects associated with amount of tobacco passively smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily, with life period in adulthood passive smoking exposure, with gender female, and with exposure to workplace. The P value, OR and 95% CI were P = 0.0003, OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.30-2.43; P = 0.0001, OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.23-1.83; P = 0.000 7, OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.19-1.90; P < 0.0001, OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.19-1.66; respectively. And there was no significant difference between passive smoking and lung cancer with amount of tobacco passively smoked within 20 cigarettes daily, with life period in childhood passive smoking exposure, with gender male and with exposure to spouse and parents.

CONCLUSIONPassive smoking is an important risk factor of lung cancer among non-smoking Chinese, and for non-smoking women who expose to environment tobacco smoke in a long period of time have a close relationship with lung cancer risk.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To compare the cumulative analgesic effects of electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), Xuanzhong (GB39) and non-acupoint in treating primary dysmenorrhea. Method By adopting a multi-centered randomized controlled study method, 501 patients recruited from Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Capital Medical University, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huguosi Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and the Outpatient of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomized into a Sanyinjiao group, a Xuanzhong group, and a non-acupoint group, 167 subjects in each group. The electroacupuncture intervention was applied when dysmenorrhea flared up and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ≥40 mm, with frequency at 2/100 Hz and intensity during patient’s endurance, 30 min each time, once a day, and for successive 3 d. Before the first treatment, 30 min after the first treatment, and respectively prior to the second and third treatment, VAS was used to measure the pain intensity. Meanwhile, the Retrospective Symptom Scale (RSS-COX 2) was investigated before the first treatment, right after the removal of needles for the first treatment, before the second and third treatment. Result The decrease of VAS in Sanyinjiao group was more significant than that in Xuanzhong group and non-acupoint group (MD=﹣2.92 mm, P=0.028; MD=﹣3.47 mm, P=0.009), while there was no significant difference between Xuanzhong group and non-acupoint group (MD=﹣0.56 mm, P=0.674); there were no significant differences in comparing the RSS-COX2 total score among the three groups (P=0.086). Conclusion Sanyinjiao (SP6) can produce a more significant cumulative analgesic effect for primary dysmenorrhea patient than Xuanzhong and non-acupoint, and the effects of Xuanzhong and non-acupoit are equivalent.