OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of aripiprazole on PC12 cell injury induced by amyloid β-protein(Aβ25-35)and its mechanism. METHODS:PC12 cells were randomized into normal control group,model group (20 μmol/L Aβ25-35),aripiprazole low-concentration,medium-concentration and high-concentration groups(5,10,20 μmol/L aripiprazole+20 μmol/L Aβ25-35). These groups were cultured with culture medium containing relevant medicine for 48 h,with 6 wells in each group. The viability(optical density value)of PC12 cell was measured by MTT assay,and PC12 cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst staining. The activi-ties of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were determined by spectrophotometry. The protein expression of Bcl-2,Bax and PI3K and the phosphorylation of Akt were assayed by Western blot assay. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,optical density value of model group was decreased while apoptotic rate was increased;the activities of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9,and the protein expres-sion of Bax were increased;the protein expression of Bcl-2 and PI3K,the phosphorylation of Akt were decreased(P<0.01). Com-pared with model group,optical density value of aripiprazole low-concentration,medium-concentration and high-concentration groups were increased,while apoptotic rate and the activities of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were decreased;the protein expression of Bcl-2 and PI3K and the phosphorylation of Akt were enhanced;while the protein expression of Bax were decreased in aripiprazole medium-concentration and high-concentration groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Aripiprazole can suppress cell apop-tosis of PC12 cell induced by Aβ25-35,which is related to activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

Objective To study the effects of combined telmisartan and ramipril on heart function and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ventricle remodeling and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods 100 patients with chronic heart failure were randomly divided into three groups: telmisartan group(A group,treated with telmisartan 80mg once daily,n=33),ramipril group(B group treated with ramipril 5mg once daily,n=33) and telmisartan plus ramipril group(treated with telmisartan 40mg plus ramipril 2.5mg once daily,n=34).Left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions(LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were assessed,and plasma renin activity(Ren),angiotensinII(AngII),aldosterone(Ald) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) were measured before and after therphy.Results After 6 months of treatment,LVEDD and LVEF were improved in all groups(P0.01).The concentration of Ald and BNP was decreased in all groups(P

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the developing tendency of sales promotion of pharmaceutical enterprises for prescription drugs in China METHODS:A comparison was carried out between enterprises owed by foreign capital and those run through domestic capital in form,personnel and mode of sales promotion RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The modes run through foreign capital are comparatively successful and the domestic pharmaceutical enterprises ought to absorb the successful experience of modes run through foreign capital in order to be better

Objective To study the effects of combined telmisartan and ramiprll on heart function and renin - angiotensin - aldoste-tone system and ventricle remodeling and brain natriuretie peptide in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods 100 patientswith chronic heart failure were randomly divided into three groups: telmisartan group (A group, treated with telmisartan 80mg once daily, n =33), ramipril group (B group treated with ramipril 5mg once daily, n =33) and telmisartan plus ramipril group (treated with telmis-artan 40mg plus ramipril 2.5mg once daily, n = 34). Left ventricular end - diastolic dimensions (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were assessed, and plasma renin activity (Ren) , angiotensinIl (Angll), aldosterone (Aid) and brain natriuretic pep-tide (BNP) were measured before and after therphy. Results After 6 months of treatment, LVEDD and LVEF were improved in all groups(P < 0.01). All changs were significant in C group than those in A group or B group(P < 0.01). The concentration of Ren were in-creased in all groups(P <0.01). The concentration of Angll was increased in A group and decreased in B group(P <0.01)while there was no difference at pre or post treatment in C group (P > 0.01). The concentration of Ald and BNP was decreased in all groups (P < 0.01). Ald and BNP were decreased more significantly in C group than those in A group or B group. Conclusion Combination of low dose of telmisartan and ramipril therapy has more benificial clinical features than telmisartan or ramipril alone in patients with CHF.

Objective To study the effect of SMART principle on the management of nursing research in hospitals. Methods The SMART principle was used in the management of nursing research,including the development,specification and verification of research goals as well as supervision of the process.The number of nurses having published research papers and the number of published papers were calculated during November 2008 to November 2011. Result The number of published papers went down but the number of scientific research papers went up in the year of 2003.Conclusion The SMART principle is effective for promoting the quality of nursing research.

Three antibodies were used for immunohistochemical study of 15 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma(6 cases contained normal salivary gland tissue). The results indicated that myoepithelial cell of the normal salivary glands revealed positive reaction of S-100 protein; The basal cells of the straited ducts and excretary ducts revcaled strong positive reaction of keratin. In adenoid cystic carcinoma positive reaction of S-100 prctein and vimentin were found in luminal cells of cribriform pseudocyts and peripheral cells of tumor nests, and the outer layers'cells of tubular stucture and the border cells of trabucula. But the positive reaction of keratin was found in inner cells of tubular and central cells of trabecular patten. It indicated that adenoid cystic carcinoma probably stems from the basic cells of the striated ducts and excretary ducts of normal salivary glands.

Objective To map the mutation gene of autosomal dominant congenital lamellar cataract in a family pedigree of four generations.Methods A Family with non-syndromic congenital cataract was recruited from the Eye Center of Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.Family history was recorded.Twenty-eight members of the family pedigree(including twelve affected and sixteen unaffected individuals)were enrolled into the study with informed consent.The twelve affected individuals underwent full clinical and ophthalmological examinations to rule out any concomitant disorders.The sixteen unaffected individuals only underwent ophthalmological examination.Blood samples were collected from all the 28 subjects for genomic DNA preparation.Eighteen different genes were previously reported to be associated with non-syndromic autosomal dominant congenital cataract(ADCC).Multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was carried out with microsatellite markers near to candidate loci related to congenital cataracts.PCR products from each DNA sample were separated on a 6% polyarcylamide gel and analyzed.Exclusion analysis was performed by allele sharing analysis and gene sequencing.Results The clinical phenotype in the family was isolated corroborating autosomal dominant congenital lamellar cataract.No mutation was found in the eighteen genes in all twenty-eight subjects.Eighteen candidate genes were excluded by allele sharing method and gene sequencing.Conclusion All known ADCC loci have been excluded from this family,which further indicates the clinical and genetical heterogeneity of congenital cataract,and an important clue is provided for finding more cataract responsible genes.Further study should be carried out to screen other relevant genes or loci in patients with ADCC.

OBJECTIVE To reinforce the management of occupational risks among cleaner employec to lower the occurrence of job related exposure.METHODS Set up a survey to estimate the level of the awareness and knowledge among the cleaner employec about job related exposure and protective procedures in the three medical facilities of Yueqing City.RESULTS From 183 cleaner employec,sharp object cuts accounted for 89.6% per year;45.4% of them only had elementary education or less;39.3% of them wore protective gloves voluntarily during daily work.No one followed the hand hygeine procedures.It showed that the contracted cleaning workers had a huge potential occupational risks.CONCLUSIONS Cleaner employec are the weaker point of occupational exposure protection in the hospitals.Enforceing the mandatory immunization and monitoring their occupational risks and exposures can prevent incidence.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral vascular spasm is the main complication of intracranial aneurysm during perioperative period. Anesthesia of clamp operation of intracranial aneurysm not only meet the basic requirement of anesthesia, but also prevent cerebral vascular spasm and protect cerebral function possibly.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins of paitents with intracranial aneurysm under the anesthesia of desflurane during the clamp operation so as to discuss the effect of desflurane on cerebral protection.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Anesthesiology of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 64 patients, 30 males and 34 females, who were prepared for clamp operation of intracranial aneurysm, were selected from Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences between October 2002 and June 2004.METHODS: After anesthesia induction, tracheal cannula was used to control respiration and desflurane was used to maintain the anesthesia. Totally 4 mL arterial blood were collected at the four time points: before anesthesia induction, cutting dura mater, clamp aneurysm and 30 minutes after clamp aneurysm. Levels of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins in plasma were assayed with radioimmunoassay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins at the four time points: before anesthesia induction, cutting dura mater,clamp aneurysm and 30 minutes after clamp aneurysm.RESULTS: Aneurysm of two patients was disrupted during the operation of angiotensin Ⅱ was ranged normally before operation, and that at the other three time points during the anesthesia of desflurane did not changed endothelins: Level of endothelins at the three time points of cutting dura mater, clamp aneurysm and 30-minutes after clamp aneurysm was lower than that at the time point of pre-an esthesia induction [(40.4±10.3),(40.0±9.6), (40.7±12.3), (49.3±12.7) ng/L, (P=0.002, 0.001, 0.009)].CONCLUSION: Levels of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins which anesthetizes by desflurane are not increased during the whole clamp operation of intracranial aneurysm. However, level of endothelins is obviously lower than that at the time point of pre-anesthesia induction, and there is not significantly different from that at various time points of the operation. This suggests that anesthesia of desflurane can avoid the onset of acute cerebral vascular spasm induced by the increasing liberation of angiotensin Ⅱ and endothelins and decrease the onset of secondary cerebral ischemic injury so as to protect brain.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion affects not only cellular necrosis at acute stage, but also delayed neuronal apoptosis in central neural system.OBJECTIVE: To observe apoptosis rate, necrosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax apoptpsis-regulating proteins in hippocampal neurons at various reperfusion stages of complete cerebral ischemia in rats so as to probe into the regulation of injury induced by complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.DESIGN: Randomized control experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Anesthesiology in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences from January 2003 to January 2004. Totally 33 healthy adult male Wistar rats of clean grade were employed, randomized in 5 groups, named ischemia +reperfusion 24 hours group (24 hours group) (7 rats), ischemia + reperfusion 48 hours group (48 hours group) (7 rats), ischemia + reperfusion 72hours group (72 hours group) (7 rats), ischemia + reperfusion 7 days group (7 days group) (7 rats) and sham-operation control (control) (5 rats).INTERVENTIONS: Model of complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was prepared in rat. Cerebral hippocampal tissues were collected in 24, 48,72 hours and 7 days after reperfusion successively. The flow cytometer was used to determine cellular apoptosis rate and necrosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in cerebral hippocampal neurons in rats.percentages of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.hippocampal neurons in 7 days group was the highest [(24.59±0.97) %].The peak value of necrosis rate presented in 24 hours group [(16.67±1.04)%], which was remarkably higher than the control [(1.28±0.50)%,low [(1.07±0.27)%], but high expression of Bax presented [(46.09±5.37)%].and reperfusion [(14.41±0.67)%] and the peak value of Bax protein presented in 72 hours after ischemia and reperfusion [(77.38±1.52)%].CONCLUSION: Hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate is increased gradually and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax apoptosis-regulating genes was increased abnormally after injury induced by complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, which suggests that Bcl-1 and Bax proteins are involved in apoptosis regulation in the injury induced by complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.