Thirty-eight cases with hysteromyoma were treated with Hai-Kun decoction. The effective rate which hysteromyoma was eliminated and reduced was 52. 78%. The cure effect was better than control groupand there was a significant difference (P

0.05).There was a littel difference in the costs for an identical effect between two drugs,the cost of Risperidon being lower.CONCLUSION:The total effective rates and costs of Risperidon and Clozapine were almost equal in the treatment of schizophrenia.

objective To observe the influence of hemodynamic changes caused by extracranial carotid stenosis on the plaque stability, and analyze the relationship of cerebral infarction classification,criminal artery stenosis degree and plaque stability to offer evidence for evalu-ating nosogenesis,clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of cerebral infarction. Methods CDFI,CTA were performed in 168 patients with acute cerebral infarction,some moderate and severe and occlusive carotid artery which were demonstrated by CTA and CDFI were further checked by DSA during convalescence. Totally 168 acute cerebral infarction patients were divided into 5 groups based on the criminal artery stenosis degree. To evaluate the plaque stability and flow field changes with CDFI and CTA,OCSP clinical classification and brain image clas-sification were finished according to CTA. Patients were classified into 4 subtypes,namely cortical infarction,basal ganglion infarction,corona radiata infarction and posterior infarction,according to the lesion distributions. Observe the changes of flow field and stability of plaque,and compare the relationship between different degree of stenosis and the classification of lesion of infarction. Results Among the 168 criminal arteries,there was 17. 9% of normal,22. 6% of mild stenosis,30. 9% of moderate stenosis,14. 8% of severe stenosis,and 14. 3% of occlu-sion,and the moderate stenosis proportion was the highest. When the stenosis degree was over 50%,it may lead to the changes of flow field, speeding up of blood flow,forming of turbulent flow,and increasing of plaque instability in which lipid plaque and admixture plaque was the highest. PACI is the commonest in all moderate groups. Admixture plaque is usually seen in severe stenosis and occlusion, while fibrous plaque is usually seen in mild stenosis. Conclusion Moderate carotid stenosis may lead to the increase of plaque instability as a result of the changes of flow field,and it may prone to artery-artery embolization.

The alkaloids of Daphniphyllum angustifolium were investigated. The whole plant was extracted with 95% EtOH, six alkaloids were isolated and purified with column chromatography over silica gel, RP-18 and Sephadex LH-20. Based on spectral analysis, their structures were identified as daphnilactone B (1), zwitterionic alkaloid (2), yuzurine (3), dehydrodaphnigracilline (4), deoxyyuzurimine (5) and macrodaphniphyllidine (6). All of compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study diterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum recemulosum, and their inhibitory effects on PAF-induced platelet aggregation.

METHODThe root of A. recemulosum was extracted with 95% EtOH. The total alkaloids extracted were isolated and purified by several kinds of column chromatography over silica gel, RP-18, and Sephadex LH-20, and identified based on spectral analysis. And the inhibitory effects of isolated compounds on PAF-induced platelet aggregation were detected.

RESULTFive alkaloids were isolated and identified as sachaconitine (1), 14-acetylsachaconitine (2), hemsleyanine C (3), circinasine A (4), and talatisamine (5). The results showed compounds 1 and 2 have moderate inhibition effect on PAF.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-5 were firstly isolated from this plant. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 possessed moderate inhibitory effects on PAF-induced platelet aggregation.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Coagulants ; pharmacology ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of involatile moiety of Pogostemon cablin.

METHODCompounds were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTNine compounds have been isolated and identified: epifriedelinol (1), 5-hydroxymethol-2-furfural (2), succinic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), daucosterol (5), crenatoside (6), 3'''-O-methylcrenatoside (7), isocrenatoside (8), and apigenin-7-O-beta-D-(6"-p-coumaryl)-glucoside (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 3, 6-8 were isolated from Pogostemon genus for the first time.

Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cholestenones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Furaldehyde ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Succinic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective:To determine the median effective dose (ED 50) of 0.5% ropivacaine when combined with dexmedetomidine based on femoral nerve cross-sectional area for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block. Methods:American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 20-30 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective open reduction and internal fixation for patella fracture or removal of patella fracture by internal fixation, were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine group (group DR) and ropivacaine group (group R). In group DR, 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine were injected.In group R, 0.5% ropivacaine was injected.Ultrasonic localization of femoral nerve was performed for measurement of the femoral nerve cross-sectional area, and 0.5% ropivacaine was injected based on the area.ED 50 was determined by Dixon′ s up-and-down sequential method.The initial dose was 0.22 ml/mm 2, and the difference between the two successive doses was 0.02 ml/mm 2.The effective block was defined as complete loss of pain sensation in the areas of anterior skin of knee joint, skin on the inner side of the calf and dorsal medial skin of the foot and the degree of motor block was in stages 1-3 assessed using Brunnstrom motor function within 30 min after nerve block.Nerve block was considered ineffective if pain occurred in any nerve distribution area mentioned above.The study was terminated if 7 effective and ineffective alternating waves occurred.ED 50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Probit analysis. Results:In group R, 27 patients were enrolled in the study, and ED 50 (95%CI) of 0.5% ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block was 0.106 (0.069-0.125) ml/mm 2.In group DR, 23 patients were enrolled in the study, and ED 50 (95% CI) of 0.5% ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block was 0.038 (0.011-0.059) ml/mm 2.Compared with group R, ED 50 of 0.5% ropivacaine for femoral nerve block was significantly decreased in group R. Conclusion:When combined with dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg, ED 50 of 0.5% ropivacaine based on femoral nerve cross-sectional area for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block is 0.038 ml/mm 2.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Disposcope endoscope(DE)-guided nasotrache-al intubation in patients with difficult airway by comparing with fiberoptic bronchoscope(FOB). Methods One hundred and twenty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ patients of both se-xes, with body mass index<25 kg∕m2, aged 18-64 yr, with mouth opening<3 cm, of Mallampati classifi-cation Ⅲ or Ⅳ, undergoing maxillofacial surgery requiring nasotracheal intubation were divided into DE group(n=60)and FOB group(n=60)using a random number table.Nasotracheal intubation was per-formed under the guidance of DE or FOB after induction of anesthesia.Glottis exposure was evaluated using Cormack-Lehane grade.Epistaxis during intubation, successful intubation, time and degree of glottis expo-sure, intubation time and development of tachycardia and hypertension and requirement for assisted ventila-tion with face mask during intubation were recorded.The patients were followed up postoperatively, and the development of intubation-related complications was also recorded.Results Compared with group FOB, glottis exposure time and incubation time were significantly shortened(P<0.05), and no significant change was found in Cormack-Lehane grade, rate of successful incubation, rate of successful intubation at first attempt or intubation-related complications in group DE(P>0.05). Hypertension and tachycardia were not found and no patients required assisted ventilation with face mask during intubation in the two groups.Conclusion DE-guided nasotracheal intubation provides similar efficacy to that of FOB with shorter time and is an optimal selection for the patients with difficult airway.

Objective:To determine the median effective dose (ED 50) of 0.5% ropivacaine based on femoral nerve cross-sectional area for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block. Methods:Patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or Ⅱ, with body mass index of 20-30 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective open reduction and internal fixation for patella fracture or removal of patella fracture by internal fixation, were enrolled in this study.Ultrasonic localization of femoral nerve was performed for measurement of the femoral nerve cross-sectional area, and 0.5% ropivacaine was injected based on the area.ED 50 was determined by Dixon′s up-and-down sequential method.The initial dose was 0.22 ml/mm 2, and the difference between the two successive doses was 0.02 ml/mm 2.The effective block was defined as complete loss of pain sensation in the areas of anterior skin of knee joint, skin on the inner side of the calf and dorsal medial skin of the foot and the degree of motor block was in stages 1-3 assessed using Brunnstrom motor function within 30 min after nerve block.Nerve block was considered ineffective if pain occurred in any nerve distribution area mentioned above.The study was terminated if 7 effective and ineffective alternating waves occurred.ED 50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Probit analysis. Results:Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in the study with the femoral nerve cross-sectional area (75±5) mm 2.ED 50 (95%CI) of 0.5% ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block was 0.106 (0.069-0.125) ml/mm 2. Conclusion:ED 50 of 0.5% ropivacaine based on femoral nerve cross-sectional area for ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block is 0.106 ml/mm 2.

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-six clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,weighing 250 -300 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),hepatic I/R group (group I/R) and propofol group (group P).Hepatic I/R injury was induced by occluding the portal vein and hepatic artery supplying the left and middle lobes of the liver for 1 h followed by 6-h reperfusion in anesthetized rats.Propofol was infused via the tail vein at a rate of 12 mg ·kg-1 · h-1 starting from 20 min before ischemia until 6 h of reperfusion in group P.The rats were sacrificed at 6 h of reperfusion,and the left lobe of the liver was removed for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-6) in liver tissues (by Western blot).Results Compared with group S,pathological scores of liver tissues were significantly increased,and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,TNF-α and IL-6 was up-regulated in I/R and P groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,pathological scores of liver tissues were significantly decreased,and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,TNF-α and IL-6 was down-regulated in group P (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol reduces liver I/R injury is associated with blocking HMGB-1/TLR4 signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammatory responses in rats.