OBJECTIVE To study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in urinary system,provide the credible evidence with the clinic diagnosis and the treatment of urinary diseases,and give doctors reasonable advice for medicine usage. METHODS The pathogens from the urine specimens were isolated and cultured from the patients in hospital from Jan 2003 to Dec 2004.The total 536 strains of pathogens were identified and the drug resistance was analyzed. RESULTS Escherichia coli among the pathogens infected the urinary system rated the top(57.0%),secondly were Enterococcus,Klebsiella,Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi.The drug resistance of E.coli to imipenem was the lowest,about 2.6%,however,it was above 30.0% towards the most beta-lactam antibiotics;the drug resistance of Enterococcus was generally higher,about 40.0-70.0%,but vancomycin was lower,about 10.3%. CONCLUSIONS The main pathogens are Enterobacteriaceae which infect the urinary system,the drug resistance is obviously higher to the quinolones,the clinic should reasonably choose the antibiotics according to the test results of the pathogens sensitivity to drugs.

Objective:To explore the proliferation inhibition and radiosensitization of Biyanqing granule on nasopharyngeal carci -noma cell line CNE-2 in vitro.Methods:CNE-2 cells were cultured in vitro.The inhibition of Biyanqing granule on the proliferation of CNE-2 cell was evaluated by MTT assay .Radiosensitization was explored by clone formation assay , and cell cycle and apopotosis were observed by flow cytometry ( FCM) .Results:Biyanqing granule could inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.The IC50 in 24, 48 and 72 h was 70.79, 60.13 and 51.63 mg· ml-1(calculated according to the weight of all medicinal ma-terial), respectively.The colony formation assay showed that Biyanqing granule combined with radiation could significantly reduce the colony formation of CNE-2 cells.With the concentration increase of the main drug , the colony formation of CNE-2 cells was reduced . The number of colony formation in the negative control group , the radiation group , 10 mg· ml-1 and 20 mg· ml-1 Biyanqing combined with radiation groups (calculated according to the weight of all medicinal material ) was significant different (P<0.05).With the main drug concentration increasing , the percentage of G 2/M phase and apoptotic cells were both increased , and compared with the con-trol group, the difference was significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:Biyanqing granule can not only inhibit CNE-2 cells but also block CNE-2 cells in G2/M to improve the radiosensitization of CNE-2 cells.

0.8.

Objective : To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a split-virion quadrivalent influenza vaccine. Methods : The healthy people aged three years or over in Wuyang County and Xiping County of Henan Province were divided into the experimental group, control group 1 and control group 2, and were vaccinated with split-virion quadrivalent influenza vaccines, split-virion trivalent influenza vaccines (without B/Victoria) and a split-virion trivalent influenza vaccines (without B/Yamagata) , respectively. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies were detected before and after immunization. The incidence rate of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) , HI antibody positive conversion rate, the protection rate of HI antibodies and the growth of geometric mean titer (GMT) were calculated and compared with the standard of Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Results: Totally 2 924 people were recruited, with 975 in the experimental group, 974 in the control group 1 and 975 in control group 2. The incidence rate of AEFI in the experimental group was 11.7%, higher than 7.9% in control group 1 and 8.8% in control group 2 (P < 0.05) during 30 minutes and 8 days after inoculation. The positive conversion rates of HI antibodies of H1N1, H3N2, By and Bv in the experimental group were 78.5%, 53.3%, 78.3% and 62.9%, respectively. The rate differences of the positive conversion rates of HI antibodies of By between the experimental group and control group 2, and of Bv between the experimental group and control group 1 were 42.1% (95%CI: 38.0%-46.2%) and 33.2% (95%CI: 28.9%-37.5%) , with both lower limits of 95%CI more than -0.10. The GMT increase of HI antibodies was more than 2.5 times in the three groups. The protective rates of HI antibodies of H1N1, H3N2, By and Bv in the experimental group were 87.7%, 98.7%, 93.6% and 77.2%, respectively. The protective rates of HI antibodies of By in control group 2 and Bv in control group 1 were 71.1% and 51.0%, both lower than those in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Conclusions After the inoculation of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, the positive conversion rates (>40%) , protection rates (>70%) and GMT increase (>2.5 times) of HI antibodies of H1N1, H3N2, By and Bv all meet the quality standards of FDA. The safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine are not inferior to those of the trivalent influenza vaccine.

Objective To study the relationship between aquaporin 9 (AQP 9) gene and brain edema in neonatal rats of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and the therapeutic mechanism of mannitol.Method Healthy and 7-day-old SD rats were randomly assigned into three groups:sham-operated group,HIBD group and mannitol group.Both HIBD and mannitol group were established on HIBD model.The mannitol group was given mannitol intraperitoneally at 0,24,48 h of HIBD.2 ml/kg of 2％ Evans blue (EB) were injected intraperitoneally before sacrifice.0,6,12,24,48 and 72 h after HIBD,the outcomes were analyzed including the brain water content,the expression of AQP 9 mRNA measured using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining methods,and the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) measured with EB.Result In HIBD group,the brain water content was higher comparing with sham-operated group at 0 h after HIBD(P ＜ 0.05),and gradually increased over time,reaching peak at 48 h (89.3％ ± 1.9％) and then decreased.In mannitol group,brain water content started to decrease from 1 h after mannitol administration to the bottom at 12 h (86.5％ ±0.6％),then increased to peak at 72 h (87.2％ ± 1.7％),and brain water content were decreased during 0 ～ 48 h comparing with HIBD group.HIBD group's EB were higher than sham-operated group (P ＜ 0.05);Mannitol group's EB were decreased comparing with HIBD group (except 0 h,P ＜ 0.05).AQP 9 mRNA expression in the HIBD group was decreased at 0 h,and reached the bottom at 48 h (0.09 ± 0.07).Comparing with sham-operated group,it was higher in the HIBD group at0,6,72 h,and lower (P＜ 0.05) at 12,24,48 h.Higher AQP 9 mRNA expression were detected in mannitol group than HIBD group and sham-operated group at each time point (with the exception of 48 h) (P ＜ 0.05).AQP 9,which was closely related to water metabolism,were widely found in the pia mater and ependyma using immunofluorescence staining.After ischemia and hypoxia insult,an increasedecrease-increase pattern of AQP 9 expression was found.Conclusion AQP 9 is widely existed in various parts of the brain,influencing brain edema through a variety of pathways.AQP 9 also plays a role in alleviating brain edema in mannitol therapy.

Objective:To investigate the effect of early external diaphragm pacing on the diaphragm function and prognosis of patients with mechanical ventilation.Methods:A total of 47 patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from October 2019 to July 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group ( n=23) and control group ( n=24). The patients in the control group received routine clinical treatment. On this basis, the treatment group received external diaphragm pacing treatment every day from the third day of mechanical ventilation until weaning, and was followed up to 30 days after discharge. The diaphragm thickness, diaphragm excursion, diaphragm thickening fraction, mechanical ventilation time, number of weaning failures, length of hospital stay and death toll were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with the control group, the diaphragm thickness [(0.21±0.05) cm vs. (0.16±0.05) cm], diaphragm excursion [(1.38±0.37) cm vs. (1.11±0.48) cm], and diaphragm thickening fraction [26% (19%, 32%) vs. 18.5% (10.25%, 20%)] in the treatment group increased significantly (all P<0.05). The mechanical ventilation time was shorter in the treatment group [10 (7, 15) d vs. 13 (10.25, 19) d], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of weaning failures (7 vs. 9), length of hospital stay [22 (15 , 30) d vs.. 24 (17.25, 34.25) d] and deaths (8 vs. 8) (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Early application of external diaphragm pacing can improve the diaphragm function of patients with mechanical ventilation, delay the decline in diaphragm function, increase diaphragm excursion and diaphragm thickening fraction, and shorten the mechanical ventilation time.

In recent years, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been widely used in many fields such as nanotechnology, biomedicine and environmental remediation due to their good electrical conductivity, photothermal properties and anticancer properties. In this study, the cell-free supernatant, whole cell and the cell-free extracts of the strain Cupriavidus sp. SHE were used to synthesize SeNPs, and several methods were applied to analyze the crystal structure and surface functional groups of the nanoparticles. Finally, Pseudomonas sp. PI1 (G⁺) and Escherichia coli BL21 (G⁻) were selected to investigate the antibacterial properties of SeNPs. Cell-free supernatant, whole cell and cell-free extracts of the strain could synthesize SeNPs. As for the cell-free supernatant, selenite concentration of 5 mmol/L and pH=7 were favorable for the synthesis of SeNPs. TEM images show that the average size of nanospheres synthesized by the supernatant was 196 nm. XRD analysis indicates the hexagonal crystals structure of SeNPs. FTIR and SDS-PAGE confirmed the proteins bound to the surfaces of SeNPs. SeNPs synthesized by cell-free supernatant showed no antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas sp. PI1 and Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). These results suggest that proteins played an important role in biotransformation of SeNPs in an eco-friendly process, and SeNPs synthesized in this study were non-toxic and biologically compatible, which might be applied in other fields in the future.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Cupriavidus ; metabolism ; Nanoparticles ; Selenious Acid ; analysis ; Selenium ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Aristolochic acids (AAs) have long been considered as a potent carcinogen due to its nephrotoxicity. Aristolochic acid I (AAI) reacts with DNA to form covalent aristolactam (AL)-DNA adducts, leading to subsequent A to T transversion mutation, commonly referred as AA mutational signature. Previous research inferred that AAs were widely implicated in liver cancer throughout Asia. In this study, we explored whether AAs exposure was the main cause of liver cancer in the context of HBV infection in mainland China. Totally 1256 liver cancer samples were randomly retrieved from 3 medical centers and a refined bioanalytical method was used to detect AAI-DNA adducts. 5.10% of these samples could be identified as AAI positive exposure. Whole genome sequencing suggested 8.41% of 107 liver cancer patients exhibited the dominant AA mutational signature, indicating a relatively low overall AAI exposure rate. In animal models, long-term administration of AAI barely increased liver tumorigenesis in adult mice, opposite from its tumor-inducing role when subjected to infant mice. Furthermore, AAI induced dose-dependent accumulation of AA-DNA adduct in target organs in adult mice, with the most detected in kidney instead of liver. Taken together, our data indicate that AA exposure was not the major threat of liver cancer in adulthood.