As a potential vectored vaccine,Newcastle disease virus(NDV)has been subject to various studies for vaccine development,while relatively little research has outlined the immunomodulatory effect of the virus in antigen presentation.To elucidate the key inhibitory factor in regulating the interaction of infected dendritic cells(DCs)and T cells,DCs were pretreated with the NDV vaccine strain LaSota as an inhibitor and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)for further detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),flow cytometry,immunoblotting,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The results revealed that NDV infection resulted in the inhibition of interleukin(IL)-12p40 in DCs through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-dependent manner,thus inhibiting the synthesis of IL-12p70,leading to the reduction in T cell proliferation and the secretion of interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 induced by DCs.Consequently,downregulated cytokines accelerated the infection and viral transmission from DCs to T cells.Furthermore,several other strains of NDV also exhibited inhibitory activity.The current study reveals that NDV can modulate the intensity of the innate?adaptive immune cell crosstalk critically toward viral invasion improvement,highlighting a novel mechanism of virus-induced immunosuppression and providing new perspectives on the improvement of NDV-vectored vaccine.

Abstract Flexibleis an important classification of flat foot. Flatfoot occurs due to a variety of reasons and causes the medial longitudinal arch to collapse or disappear. However, many children still do not develop a normal foot arch as the grow, and a failure to intervene in a timely manner will greatly harm a child s normal mobility development. Timely detection and intervention are the key to improve the prognosis. There is a lack of uniform quantitative criteria for the diagnosis of flexible flatfoot. Currently, the commonly used diagnostic methods include physical examination, foot printing, plantar pressure test and imaging examination. This article reviews the risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Flexible Flatfoot.

Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of live attenua-ted measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine for 4-year-old children and to provide references for reasonable arrangement of MMR immunization schedule. Methods Children aged 4 years (54-60 months) old were recruited and divided into three groups as follows: Group 8 months MR [receiving live attenuated measles and rubella(MR) vaccination at 8 months and MMR vaccination at 18 months],Group 8 months MMR(re-ceiving MMR vaccination at both 8 and 18 months) and Group 12 months MMR(receiving MMR vaccination at both 12 and 22 months). Active follow-up was conducted for safety evaluation after immunization of all subjects with the booster dose of MMR vaccine. Blood samples were collected before and 35 days after vacci-nation and analyzed by ELISA to detect serum antibodies to measles,mumps and rubella. Results A total of 514 subjects were enrolled in this study of safety evaluation and 469 of them received serologic detection of antibodies twice. The rate of adverse reactions following vaccination was 17.12% (general reactions accoun-ted for 94.21%) and no severe adverse reactions were reported. No significant difference in the rates of ad-verse reactions was found among the three groups (χ2=4.82, P=0.090). Subjects who were seropositive for measles, mumps and rubella increased after immunization with MMR vaccine, accounting for 100%, 99.79% and 99.79%,respectively. Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) against measles, mumps and rubella in all subjects were 1.35,3.05 and 2.13 times higher than what they were before the immunization. Levels of antibodies to measles,mumps and rubella were all increased significantly in the three groups after immunization with the booster dose of MMR vaccine (Fisher Exact Test, P=0.000). Conclusion The booster dose of MMR vaccine increases the levels of serum antibodies in children aged 4 years old with high safety. It suggests that two doses of MMR vaccine should be encouraged in the immunization program in China.

Objective To investigate the evaluation index of melasma staging by clinical manifestations and non-invasive skin detection technology.Methods A total of 195 patients with a clinical diagnosis of melasma were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University.The skin with lesion enlarged,color darker,erythema,red occured after scratching or lesion faded after compressing with glass belonged to the active stage;on the contrary,it was in the stable stage.Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM),dermoscopy,Mexameter 18 and LAB were used to observe skin lesions of different stage of melasma.Results There were 115 patients (59.0 ％) in the active stage of melasma and 80 patients (41.0 ％) in the stable stage.DMA score in active stage 35.08± 10.59 were significantly higher than that of the stable stage 15.06-4-9.20 (P＜0.05).There were statistically significant difference in the quantity of inflammatory cell and blood vessels between two stages of melasma (P＜0.05).Erythema index (EI) in active stage of melasma 376.35±61.39 were high-er than that of the stable stage 320.364± 62.40 (P＜0.05).A-value in active stage of melasma 13.28± 1.75 were higher than that of the stable stage 12.34± 1.78 (P＜0.05).However,there were no siginificant differences in the quantity of melenin,melanin index (MI),L-value and B-value.Conclusions Melasma could be divided into active stage or stable stage,respectively,according to its clinical manifestations.DMA score,quantity of inflammatory cells and blood vessels,EI and A-value could be used as the reference index of melasma staging.

OBJECTIVETo determine measles antibody levels and influencing factors among children aged 6 to 15 years in Zhejiang province.

METHODSBlood samples were collected from 2069 children aged 6 to 15 years in Changxing county (Huzhou) and Liandu district (Lishui) of Zhejiang province. Serum level of measles IgG antibody was measured using ELISA, and 800 mIU/mL was applied as the cut-off point of high antibody level. Chi-square or trend Chi-square test was used to analyze difference in positive rates of high antibody level among children with different characters, and the factors related to high antibody level in the vaccinated children were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTSAmong 2069 subjects, positive rate of high measles antibody level was 36.06% (746/2069). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the high measles antibody level was significantly associated with age of children and the age of first measles vaccine inoculation. The positive rate of high measles antibody level decreased with age(=0.866, 95%:0.830-0.904, <0.01), and the positive rate in children whose first vaccination at ≥ 12 months of age was higher than those whose first vaccination at 8 months of age(=0.633, 95%:0.498-0.805, <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIn order to obtain high measles antibody level and to maintain high levels of population immune barrier, it is suggested that first dose of vaccination can be appropriately delayed in low epidemic areas, and elder children should have timely catch-up vaccination.

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Viral ; Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Male ; Measles ; Measles Vaccine ; Vaccination

Objective To explore clinical effect of compound danshen dropping pills,aspirin enteric-coated tablets combined with small dose of estrogen on treatment of patients with thin endometrium.Methods A total of 69 patients with thin endometrium were collected and divided into 3 groups.Group Ⅰ was treated with estrogen at 3 to 5 days after menstrual period,group Ⅱ was treated with aspirin and compound danshen dropping pills,and group Ⅲ was treated with estrogen,aspirin and compound danshen dropping pills.General condition,ovulation,drug use,endometrial growth before and after the use of drugs and pregnancy rate were compared.Results There were no significant differences in general situations and ovulation results before treatment among three groups (P ＞0.05).After medication,the endometrial thickness of the 3 groups improved significantly,and the endometrial thickness of group Ⅲ was significantly better than group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P =0.005,0.012).In group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the proportion of endometrium more than 7 mm after treatment was 38.1％,16.7％ and 60％ respectively,and the success rate of group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P =0.008).The clinical pregnancy rate in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P =0.049).Conclusion Compound danshen dropping pills,aspirin entericcoated metformin combined with small dose of estrogen can significantly improve endometrium and pregnancy rate in patients with thin endometrium,with less estrogen dosage.

Objective To explore clinical effect of compound danshen dropping pills,aspirin enteric-coated tablets combined with small dose of estrogen on treatment of patients with thin endometrium.Methods A total of 69 patients with thin endometrium were collected and divided into 3 groups.Group Ⅰ was treated with estrogen at 3 to 5 days after menstrual period,group Ⅱ was treated with aspirin and compound danshen dropping pills,and group Ⅲ was treated with estrogen,aspirin and compound danshen dropping pills.General condition,ovulation,drug use,endometrial growth before and after the use of drugs and pregnancy rate were compared.Results There were no significant differences in general situations and ovulation results before treatment among three groups (P ＞0.05).After medication,the endometrial thickness of the 3 groups improved significantly,and the endometrial thickness of group Ⅲ was significantly better than group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P =0.005,0.012).In group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the proportion of endometrium more than 7 mm after treatment was 38.1％,16.7％ and 60％ respectively,and the success rate of group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P =0.008).The clinical pregnancy rate in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P =0.049).Conclusion Compound danshen dropping pills,aspirin entericcoated metformin combined with small dose of estrogen can significantly improve endometrium and pregnancy rate in patients with thin endometrium,with less estrogen dosage.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of sodium nitroprusside on the treatment of pulmonary edema in elderly patients with heart failure. Methods 50 elderly cases with heart failure and pulmonary edema From January 2015 to January 2017 were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the different treatment methods. The control group were received conventional therapy, the observation group were given conventional drug combined with sodium nitroprusside. The experimental data was recorded and compared. To investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside on the rescue of elderly heart failure and pulmonary edema. Results The clinical effect in the observation group is better than that in the control group. The protein related indexes about heart failure and pulmonary edema were significantly improved (P<0.05). The difference of adverse reaction rate in the two groups has no statistically significat. Conclusion Conventional drug therapy combined with sodium nitroprusside were used on the treatment of elderly patients with heart failure, pulmonary edema, which can improve the clinical symptoms, related serum protein, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions, it is worthy of clinical application.

Spastic-paralysis impacts the function of upper extremity in most apoplexy patients.Assessing spasticity condition precisely,timely and effectively plays an important role in guiding rehabilitation treatment,therapeutic evaluation and prognosis of functional outcome.Owing to the limitations of subjective scales,the issue of quantifing the spasticity objectively has become a new research direction in recent years.By reviewing the literatures,we summed up the application of objective assessment tools,which were based on rehabilitation engineering,electrophysiology or biomechanics,in assessing the function of upper extremity with spastic paralysis,as well as put forward the research directions of prospects,in order to give a reference to the systematic integration of assessment tools in the near future.

Objective: To assess the 3-year antibody persistence after vaccination of domestic measles, mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) with different program. Methods: Children from three different vaccination strategies (Group 8 m MR: 8 months and 18 months vaccinated with measles-rubella combined attenuated live vaccine and domestic MMR,respectively; Group 8 m MMR: 8 months and 18 months both vaccinated with domestic MMR; Group 12 m MMR: 12 months and 22 months both vaccinated with domestic MMR ) were followed up in Zhejiang province in July 2015. There were 170 participants in Group 8 m MR, 171 participants in Group 8 m MMR and 173 participants in Group 12 m MMR selected by simple random sampling method .Blood samples (venous blood 2-3 ml) were collected 1 month after the first dose vaccination of MMR (only in Group 8 m MMR and Group 12 m MMR) and 3 years (36-38 months) after the last dose vaccination of MMR and tested for antibody IgG against Measles, Mumps and Rubella using ELISA. Seropostive rate and Geometric mean concentration (GMC) were calculated and compared among different groups by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: A total of 514 participants (8 m MR: 170; 8 m MMR:171; 12 m MMR:173) were enrolled. The overall seropositivity rate of measles, mumps and rubella was 98.1% (504), 93.4% (480) and 88.1% (453), respectively, with corresponding GMC was 1 012.33 mU/ml, 502.87 U/ml and 50.53 U/ml respectively. There was no significant difference of seropositivity rate for measles among three groups (all groups were>97%). The highest seropositivity rate for mumps was found in the Group 12 m MMR with the rate of 98.8% (171/173), followed by Group 8 m MMR and Group 8 m MR with 93.0% (159/171) and 88.2%(150/170) respectively (Fisher exact test, P<0.001). The highest seropositivity rate for rubella was also found in the Group 12 m MMR with the rate of 94.8% (164/173), followed by Group 8 m MMR and Group 8 m MR with 86.6%(148/171) and 82.9%(141/170) respectively (Fisher exact test, P=0.002). The highest GMC of antibody against measles, mumps and rubella were all found in Group 12 m MMR, with 1 217.30 (1 119.35-1 323.82) mU/ml, 717.07 (643.83-798.65) U/ml and 62.54(56.21-69.58) U/ml respectively. The lowest GMC of antibody against measles and mumps were both in Group 12 m MR with 812.01 (734.52-897.67) mU/ml and 363.28 (305.42-432.11) U/ml respectively. The lowest GMC of antibody against rubella was in Group 8 m MMR with 44.10 (39.08-49.76) U/ml. These differences of GMCs among three groups were all reach significant means (P<0.05). Conclusion High level seropostive rates and GMCs were exist against measles and rubella after 3-year vaccination of domestic MMR among different program. Higher antibody level against mumps were found in those children with two doses vaccination of MMR.