Objective Investigation and analysis the innovation ability and its influencing factors about graduates in primary hospitals,discuss corresponding measurements to enhance their innovation capacities.Methods A total number of l17master students and leadership persons at related institutions in primary hospitalsfrom particular district of China were surveyed with self-made questionnaires.Transformational Leadership Questionnaire,Organizational Commitment Questionnaire,and Multi dimensional Innovative Behavior Scale were used to investigate both personal and environmental factors that maybe influential for further discussion of possible improvement strategies.Results Among the 117 master students,having a capacity for independent innovationand getting partial achievements is only 6.84％;that canactively participatingin but temporarily have notborne fruit is 11.96％,24.78％ of which are passively finishingthe task of writing papersunder the request of the hospital,high up to 56.41％ are do not have any achievements in technology innovation yet.In the meanwhile,63.16％ administrators,compared to 36.84％,have negative attitudes to the graduate students.In terms of influence factors,that closely related to creative production,creative execution are identity,virtue and the vision of transformational leadership behavior motivation,charismatic leadership,individualized consideration,and affective commitment,ideal commitment,economic commitment,opportunity commitment of organizational commitment,P＜0.05,the difference has statistically significant;but not correlative with normative commitment,P＞0.05,the difference have not statistically significant.Conclusions The innovation capacityof master students working in primary hospitals is seriously insufficient,and its influence factors are closely related to both personal and environmental factors.Targeted innovation knowledge training and appropriate incentive mechanism are effective measurements to improve their innovation capacity.The necessary condition of facilitiesis thepremise and guarantee for them to carry out the science and technology innovation.

Objective To investigate the identity of the scientific research in different grade hospital medical staff in different levels and analysis of the influence factors and improvement strategy.Methods A total of 453 in different grade hospital medical staff in different levels from some district in China were recruited.Results Hospital of different levels, different titles and different degree and professional medical staff have significant differences to the identity of the scientific research, P＜0.001. Its influence factors including consciousness, ability, interest, atmosphere, time, energy, and so on have significant differences, P＜0.001. Conclusions different grade hospital medical staff in different levels have significant differences to the identity of the scientific research, the higher the level, the higher the identity, but have different influence factors.The level of different grade hospital scientific research should be improved according to different influence factors make corresponding strategies.

Objective Current study was aimed to investigate the barrier of research conduction in primary hospital, andTo take appropriate countermeasures to improve the research ability in primary hospital.Methods Convenience sampling method was adopted, and 302 physicians were selected and interviewed using a designed questionnaire.Results 89.41％ of the participants believed that it is not appropriate to conduct research in primary hospitals because the hospital could not provide appropriate condition for research activity.There were lacks of research consciousness, research atmosphere, and research capacity in primary hospital.Conclusions These medical staff in primary hospital appeared a negative attitude to research, while negative attitude exhibited positive correlation with the level of hospital, academic atmosphere, and research capacity.To improve research capacity in primary hospital, it is important to establish continuing education program to train the physicians for research ability, and to change the research environment in the primary hospitals.In addition, the incentive system may be able to encourage physicians to actively conduct research.

To investigate the current situation of research management in basic hospital,sum up the experience and effects,study the efficient method to improve the level of research management.

Objective We investigated the correlations between abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) during the second stage of labor and delivery types and intrapartum maternal complications and fetal outcome Methods The data of 232 nulliparas with single vertex in the second stage of labor (111 cases with normal FHR, 121 cases with abnormal FHR) were analyzed retrospectively Results The incidence of abnormal FHR in the second stage of labor was 52 2%(121/232) The patterns of abnormal FHR included: 81 (66 9%) cases with moderate and/or severe variable deceleration (VD), 27 (22 3%) cases with scattered late deceleration (LD), only one with continuous LD, 4 (3 3%) cases prolonged deceleration (PD), 2 (1 7%) cases with VD and LD, 3 (2 5%) cases with VD and PD, 4 (3 3%) cases with diminished baseline variability There were 13 (11 7%) among the cases with normal FHR and 35 (28 9%) among the cases with abnormal FHR underwent assistant delivery operations (forceps or/and vaccum), respectively ( P

Objective To investigate the effect of T helper cell type-1(TH 1) cytokines [interferon-? (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-?)] and T helper cell type-2(TH 2) cytokines [interleukin-4 (IL-4)] on pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 20 cases of ICP patients (study group) and 20 cases of normal pregnant women (control group) were cultured with photohemglutinin stimulation. TNF-?, IFN-? and IL-4 were determined in the supernatant by enzyme- linked-immunoassay. Results (1) In supernatants of cultured PHA induced PBMC, the levels of IFN-? and TNF-? of study group were (639?156) ng/L and (1 021?231) ng/L, which were significantly higher than those of control group, (464?147)ng/L and (728?175) ng/L( P

Objective To investigate the influence of transforming growth factor-?2(TGF-?2) on production of tumor necrosis factor -? (TNF-?) and interferon-? (IFN-?) from placenta of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Methods Villous explants from 10 ICP patients(ICP group) and 10 normal gravidae (control group) were cultured in vitro. The concentrations of TNF-? and IFN-? in the culture medium were determined by enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay ( ELISA) after incubation with different concentrations of TGF-?2 for 1,24 and 48 hours. Results (1) After cultured for 1,24 and 48 hours, TNF-? level in ICP group was (771 ? 187)pg/g, (2 490 ?575)pg/g,and (3339 ? 1106)pg/g, respectively, while IFN-? level was (931 ? 148) pg/g, (1888 ? 545) pg/g, and (3027 ? 667) pg/g, respectively. All were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP) Methods Totally 1241 cases of ICP during the 10 years from Jan 1991 to Dec 2000 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed Results Forty four (3 5%) patients were multiple gestation One hundred and one (8 1%) patients had pregnancy induced hypertension ICP recurred in 30 2% multipara (38/126) On average, it occurred at gestational week of 32 6 Pruritus was the first symptom in 1201(96 8%)patients while 8 (0 6%) patients had jaundice and 28 (2 3%) patients had abnormal liver function at the onset Serum total bile acid (TBA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were usually mild or moderately elevated, while some patients had normal TBA(17 7%), ALT(15 6%), or AST(17 1%) level The albumin/globulin ratio was reversed in 35 (3 2%) patients Conclusion ICP tends to recur in subsequent pregnancy It is more likely to develop in multiple gestation Pruritus is the most common and prominent manifestation Elevated TBA and ALT or AST level is helpful for diagnosis It should be noted that the above manifestations might not be typical in some patients

This essay is to study on the effect of bee-pollen and its suitable dosage on improving sport performances. Fifty athletes were our experimental subjects. The athletes were divided into experiment group and control group. 14 objective indexes were measured before and after taking pollen at each of the 4 times within 3 months on both of experiment group and control group of athletes. The results showed that bee-pollen (15 g per day) improved the cardiac function, muscular strength and enduranco significantly.279 mice were experimental too, they were divided into experiment groups and control group. These animals were put in water for one hour per day in a period of 3 months. They were tested for pole climbing and exhausted swimming after taking pollen by the first, second and third months. Results showed that bee-pollen increased muscular strength and swimming time after taking the pollen at a large dosage.After taking the bee-pollen the body-weight remained somewhat unchanged.There is no observed side effect after taking bee-pollen by athletes.

Objective To investigate the mechanism and the related factors of fetal hypoxia in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Methods Cord blood total bile acids(TBA), hypoxanthine (HX), and endothelin (ET) concentrations were measured in 30 newborns of mothers with ICP and 30 infants of normal pregnancy as control, and the cord nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) were counted as well. Results (1)The mean cord arterious plasma HX concentration in hypoxic fetuses of mothers with ICP was significantly higher than those in fetuses without hypoxia of mothers with ICP and fetuses of normal pregnancy(18.68?15.73)?mol/L, (6.87? 2.82)?mol/L, (6.81?2.83)?mol/L( P 0.05) and the mean cord arterious plasma ET concentration (72.44?12.23) ng/L,(70.16?26.61) ng/L,(67.27?43.56) ng/L, P =0.910) among the three groups. (2) In ICP group, the mean cord serum TBA concentration in hypoxic fetuses was significantly higher than that in fetuses without hypoxia, while the latter was higher than that in control group (23.77?11.82)?mol/L,(14.86?5.46)?mol/L,(9.28?4.39)?mol/L;( P