Pancreatic function diagnostant test (PFD) is performed with the oral administration of N-benzoyl-L-tryosyl-P-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) .It is a specific test for the determination of the exocrine function of the pancreas. It can be more reliable if P-aminobenzoic acid absorbing test (PABA) is also performed to eliminate the intestinal, hepatic, and renal factors in PABA absorption and excretion.The authors used the combined method of PFD and PABA to study the pancreatic exicrine function in 32 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 16 cases of dermatomyositis (DM) . It was found that lowed exocrine function of the pancreas occurred in 9.4% of SLE cases and in 18.8% of DM cases though no definite abdominal symptoms or signs could be observed in those cases. It is suggested that the combined PFD and PABA method be used in early SLE and DM cases to evaluate the pancreatic exocrine function.

Objective To investigate water treatment technology and pollution status of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in resource water and finished water of the centralized water supply enterprises in Shenzhen,and to provide scientific basis for waterborn infectious disease control.Methods Field hygiene assessment were conducted on the resource water and water treatment technology of 19 water supply enterprises during May to July,2008.One water sample was collected from resource water and finished water in each centralized water supply enterprise respectively,and was detected for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum.Results The routine traditional water treatment technology including coagulation deposition,quartz sand filtration and chlorine disinfection was applied in all of the 19 centralized water supply enterprises.Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum were not found in samples from the source water and finished water.Conclusion The centralized water supply system in Shenzhen isn't polluted by Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum.

A(D、B were negative); As for TA100(+S9), only E was positive. Conclusion The mutagenicity of product water of six water works is relatively high,the type of mutagenicity is mainly code-shifting. Taking river water as the water source,using chlorine dioxide and active carbon filtration and no using pretreatment of chlorination may reduce the mutagenic organics.

OSCE is an examination of objective evaluation of the clinical skills.This article introduced the development of OSCE at home and aboard,and compared the difference of the exam setting in America,England,Canada and China Medical University.The advantages and disadvantages of SP in OSCE were also analyzed.It was discussed that OSCE would be widely applied in China.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism for the self-limitation of adenoviral infections in human airway,the different impacts of adenovirus serotype 5 ( Ad5 ) and serotype 7 ( Ad7 ) infections on mucin 1 ( MUC1 ) expression in airway epithelial cells were preliminarily investigated.Methods The Ad5 and the Ad7 infection models were established in A549 cell line.qRT-PCR was performed to determine the transcription of MUC1 mRNA,and the expression of MUC1 in A549 cells infected by Ad5 or Ad7 was by detected Western blot.Results An up-regulation of the MUC1 mRNA level were observed after Ad5 infection for 6 h(P＜0.05 ),and the protein expression level of MUC1 increased in a time-dependent manner in 48 hours of Ad5 infection,while similar response of MUC1 mRNA was absent in Ad7 infection (6 h),even after prolonged (20 h) treatment ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion This study reveals an up-regulation of MUC1 expression as one of the early immune response to Ad5 infection,which implies that MUC1 may function fully or partially as an anti-inflammatory factor in the self-limitation effect of Ad5 infection.However,type7 adenoviral infection,may introduce a mechanism otherwise,but through MUC1.

Objective To investigate the incidence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in hospitalized patients≥65 years at a hospital in Hunan Province.Methods Data of patients with HAI in this hospital in 201 1—2013 were classified and analyzed statistically.Results A total of 47 626 patients were investigated,1 068 cases of HAI oc-curred,all cases were single site infection,incidence and case rate of HAI were both 2.24% ,incidence in patients aged <65 years (2-65 years old)was 0.98% (234/23 998),and ≥65 years was 3.53% (834/23 628),difference was significant between two groups (χ2= 354.44,P<0.001). HAI rate in patients aged <65,65~,70~,75~, 80~,85~,and ≥90 years was 0.98% ,1.59% ,1.28% ,2.77% ,5.20% ,6.93% ,and 9.43% respectively. The major infection site was lower respiratory tract (59.95% ,n= 500),the main detected pathogens were Pseudo-monasaeruginosa (19.43% )and Escherichia coil (18.72% ).Conclusion The incidence of HAI in the elderly patients increased with age increasing,the main infection site is lower respiratory tract.

AIM: To investigate the titer and avidity of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody for surface antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in sera from patients with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and evaluate the interrelationship of the antibody titer and avidity. METHODS: 15 patients with early-onset periodontitis, 16 patients with adult periodontitis(AP) and 14 periodontally healthy subjects(HS) participated in this study. Levels and avidities of IgG antibody against P.gingivalis lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were measured. Serum IgG titers against P.gingivalis antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG avidity was measured by diethylamine dissociation ELISA. RESULTS: Serum IgG antibody levels against P.gingivalis LPS in EOP and AP patients were significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (P0.05). Antibody avidities to P. gingivalis in EOP were significantly higher than that of AP patients and HS group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there is no correlation between antibody levels and avidities in EOP and AP patients. IgG avidity can be considered as a valuable parameter in the diagnosis of EOP.

Objective To investigate the pollution of parasitic protozoa in drinking water and wastewater in Shenzhen in or-der to present evidence to establish the national hygienic standard for parasitic protozoa in drinking water.Methods Water samples of resource water,fin ished wa ter from3water plants,and post-treated wastewater samples from3wastewater treatment plants in Shenzhen city were collected.Para sitic pro tozoa Giardia lamblia Stiles and Cryptosporidiumparvum were detected by following steps:filtering,washing,magnetic isolation and staining.Results Giardia lamblia Stiles and Cryptosporidiumparvum were not found in samples from raw water and finished water,while they were found in post-treated wastewater samples from2wastewater treatment plants.Conclusion The results indicated that the prob lem of Giardia lamblia Stiles and Cryptosporidi -umparvum pollu tion in the water supplying systems didnt exist at present,but Giardia lamblia Stiles and Cryptosporidi umparvum in the post-treated wastewater were the potential pollution source to surface water.

Objective To investigate the water source pollution by parasitic protozoa in small towns and villages in Shenzhen,China,in order to present the data to establish the national hygienic standard for controlling parasitic protozoa pollution.Methods The samples of water source were collected from 8 village level water plants in Shenzhen.Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium were detected,according to the EPA methods,by filtering,rinsing,magnetic isolation and staining.Results Giardia lamblia was found in water sources of 6 water plants and Cryptosporidium was found in one water plant.Conclusion At present,some water sources of village level water plants where the reservoirs were used as the water source in Shenzhen have been polluted by Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium,that indicates the potentiality of the water-born-diseases in that areas.

Objective To explore the effects of the meteorologic factors on air pollutants and to establish a model of relationship between the meteorologic factors and concentration of air pollutants. Method The data of SO2,NO2 and PM10 concentration in the air and the related meteorologic factors (daily average,maximum and minimum atmospheric pressure and daily atmospheric pressure difference,daily average,maximum and minimum air temperature,monthly rainfall,daily average and minimum relative humidity and wind speed) from January 2002 to December 2007 were collected. The correlation between the air pollutant levels and related meteorologic factors was analyzed by the multiple regression models with SPSS 11.5 software and multiple regression equations were established. Results Minimum relative humidity was negatively correlated with the concentration of SO2 and NO2 in atmosphere . Daily minimum air temperature was negatively correlated with the concentration of NO2 in atmosphere. Daily average relative humidity and wind speed were negatively correlated with the concentration of PM10 in atmosphere. Daily atmospheric pressure difference was positively correlated with the concentration of PM10 in atmosphere. Multiple regression equations of the concentration of SO2,NO2 and PM10 in atmosphere and meteorologic factors have statistical significances. Conclusion The meteorologic factors have some effects on the air pollution levels. By using the correlation of meteorologic factors and the concentration of air pollutions,multiple regression equations can be established.