Objective To study the biosynthesis of the second metabolites in Aquilaria sinensis.Methods Chromones of agarwood were elicited by tissue culture and the inducer contents were determined by HPLC.Results 2-(2-Phenylethyl) chromones could be elicited in excised lateral roots suspension culture of A.sinensis.Conclusion Fungal extracts of Menanotus flavolives could induce the production of characteristic components of agarwood in A.sinensis.

Objective To study the clinical value of high frequency ultrasonography in acute closed mallet finger.Methods The high frequency ultrasonographic images of thirty-six patients with diagnosed acute closed mallet finger were retrospective analyzed.The ultrasonographic features were analyzed.Results The position and internal structure of extensor tendon could be showed by high frequency ultrasound,the position and injury level of acute closed mallet finger were identified.In 36 patients of acute closed mallet finger,6 cases were complete tear combined avulsion fracture,the ultrasonography showed the disruption in the extensor tendon at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint,the hyperechoic fracture fragment were found in the distal end of extensor tendon.22 cases were complete tear and no avulsion fracture,the longitudinal imaging showed the disruption in the extensor tendon at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint and the retraction of the tendon end.8 cases were partial tear,the ultrasonography showed that extensor tendons were thickened and hypoechoic,the section of extensor tendons were still continuous.Conclusions High frequency ultrasonography is the preferred imaging method for diagnosis of acute closed mallet finger,it will be important value for clinical treatment method.

Objective To analyze and explore the operative effect of coraccid process basilar part fractures combined injury of ligamental structure. Methods Use ilium-fascia lata complex tissue to reconstruct coronoid process of ulna and medial collateral ligament, recoverd anterior and wall horn anatomic structure of elbow joint. Total 9 cases of ulna coracoid process fractures concomitancy with elbow posterior dislocation . Among these one with olec-ranon fracture,five patients with head of radius fracture. Anterior trance joint approach was used,removal bone chips, restore defect with ilium-fascia lata complex tissue after cuting and trimming. Once reduction was achieved,fixed with screw. Repaird the collateral ligament and anterior joint capsule use the fascia lata, If there were combined fracture of the radius head or olecranon fracture,fixed through lateral approach,All injured extremities were treated with a posterior plaster splint with functional position for 3 weeks followed by elbow rehabilitation training. Results According to Moneys evaluation method,2 patients were classified as excellent ,5 as good,l as fair and 1 as poor. The excellent and good rate was 77. 8%. Two patients with gently ossifying myositis but no patients with wound infection,internal fixation loosening or break,elbow joint destabilizing orcorpus libemm. Conclusions Coracoid process basilar part fractures was simultaneous with the instability of osteal frame and soft tissue. To attain the favourable anatomical foundation for elbow joint functional recovery, it should rebuild the height and shape of coronoid process first and think highly of repair or rebuild medial collateral ligament and joint capsule. It reconstructed the coronoid process osteal frame and soft tissue instability at the same time to use ilium-fascia lata complex tissue. The operative procedure is simplify with reliability effect and fine functional rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,it has been shown in studies that regulation of the expression of Has1 is very important to maintain neural stem cells and regulate its differentiation during the development of embryonic nervous system.Moreover,upregulation of Hes1 expression is required for quiescent adult flbroblasts resuming proliferation.This indicates that there is a close relationship between Hes1 and some potential stem cells in adult.Therefore,the study of Hes1 expression in neural stem cells and its relationship with adult neurogenasis is put on the agenda.However,the expression of Hes1 in adult brain is still not clear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of Hea1 in adult mouse brain and the cell types of Has1 positive cells.METHODS:Totally 12 adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly evenly divided into two groups by using the random number table.For the first group,the mouse brain was removed directly and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of Has1 in the adult mouse brain.For the second group,Brdu was injected intraperitoneally to every mouse with a dosage of 200 mg/kg,once a day,for 3 days.The mouse brain was removed at 4 days and then double staining was carded out to observe and analysis the cell types of Hes1 positive cells in hippocampus.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hes1 was expressed in all the observed anatomical site where neural cells exist,Brdu positive cells nearly all expressed Hea1,NeuN positive cells all expressed Has1,whereas GFAP positive cells did not express Hes1 completely.Hes1 was expressed in all neurons and neural stem cells,and glial cells did not express Hes1.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of professional nurses in atrial fibrillation (AF) anticoagulation management system.Methods 217 consecutive patients with nonvalvular AF were enrolled.All patients received warfarin therapy for 3-6 months after catheter ablation for AF,who were divided into experimental group (n=102) and control group (n=115) by random digits table.The patients of control group adjusted their warfarin doses by following doctor's advice when discharged and by visiting the outpatient clinic regularly after discharged.The patients of treatment group adjusted their warfarin doses under the guidance of one well-trained nurse.Days of the international normalized ratio (INR) value achieved therapeutic anticoagulation range (2.0-3.0) for the first time,the effective anticoagulation rate that defined as more than 70％ of INR values between 2.0-3.0 after titration period,the ratio of times of INR value 2.0-3.0 to total times after titrating and INR monitoring frequency were compared between the 2 groups.Results In treatment group,days of the INR value achieved therapeutic 2.0-3.0 for the first time were less than that in control group (8 d vs.15 d,P＜0.01),the effective anticoagulation rate [45.1％(46/102)] and the ratio of times of INR value 2.0-3.0 to total times after titrating (67.6％±18.5％) was significantly higher than that in control group [31.3％(36/115) and 62.0％±23.1％ respectively,P＜0.05].INR monitoring during the whole period and after titrating were more frequently in treatment group [(9.4±2.2)times vs.(8.4±2.7) times,P＜0.05;(7.9±2.4) times vs.(6.3±2.8) times,P＜0.01].The number of patients in treatment group who monitor INR less than 3 times after titrating was larger than that in control group (18 vs.1,P＜0.01).Conclusions The participation of professional nurses in atrial fibrillation anticoagulation management system was helpful not only in achieving INR 2.0-3.0 more quickly but also in improving the effective anticoagulation rate.

Objective To investigate the influence of anti-angiogenesis therapy on proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts derived from keloids. Methods Thirty pieces of keloids from a patient were implanted into subcutaneous tissue of the nude mice, 24 pieces of which survived were divided into three groups which were treated with perilesional injection of vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) (0.4 mg/0.2 mL) , Endostar(0.125 g/0.2 mL) and physiological saline (0.2 mL)on the 21 d, 23 d, 25 d, 27 d after implantation. Sample were collected on the 10th day after perilesional injection, the proliferating fibroblasts in keloid tissue were immunohistochemically detected by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The apoptotic cell was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results IHC staining indicated that PCNA expression of fibroblasts was significantly increased in keloid tissue after VEGF injection, PCNA expression of fibroblasts was significantly reduced in keloid tissue after Endostar injection,TUNEL assay revealed lower apoptotic cells expression in the keloid tissue after VEGF injection and higher in the Endostar group than control group. The rate of proliferative index (PI) , apoptotic index(AI) and AI/PI of fibroblasts in keloid after VEGF (PI:41.13 ±2.29,AI:5.75 ±1.28,AI/PI: 0.14 ± 0.04)or Endostar injection (PI:27.25 ±2.61,AI:11.00±1.31,AI/PI:0.41 ±0.09)and control group (PI: 34.75 ±3.62,AI:7. 88 ± 1.64,AI/PI:0. 23 ±0.07) showed statistical differences. Conclusion Anti-angiogenesis therapy is shown to induce keloid regression through suppression of keloid fibroblast proliferation,induction of apoptosis, which may be a new approach for the treatment of keloids.

Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine with the genotype distribution of MTHFR and MTRR among Chinese Han women in Xiangtan. Methods MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G geno?typing was analyzed to detect the distribution of gene polymorphisms among 1 701 women from Xiangtan city then the data were compared with the rest of the Han women in Zibo, Zhengzhou, Yantai, Zhenjiang, Songzi, Huizhou, Qionghai. Plasma Hcy levels from 110 patients were measured and analyzed the correlation with gene polymorphisms. Results The frequency of MTHFR C677T genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 12.6%which is higher than Huizhou (10.9%) and Qionghai (6.1%) but lower than Zibo (43.6%), Zhengzhou (36.8%), Yantai (32.2%), Zhenjiang (21.8%) with statistically significant dif?ference (P<0.05). There is no significant different in MTHFR C677T between Xiangtan and Songzi. The frequency of MTH?FR A1298C genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 4.8%which is lower than Qionghai(7.1%)but higher than Zibo (1.4%),Zhengzhou(2.4%), Yantai(1.8%), Zhenjiang(3.5%)and Songzi(2.6%)with statistically significant difference. The frenquency of MTRR A66G genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 6.8%which is higher than Zibo (4.8%) but lower than Qionghai (9.3%) with statistically signifcant difference. Plasma Hcy concentration correlate with MTHFR C677T, Hcy concentration in TT population is higher than that in CT and CC population(μmol/L:8.52±2.01 vs 5.94±1.47 vs 5.71± 0.18);Plasma Hcy concentration also correlate with MTHFR A1298C and Hcy concentration in CC population is higher than AA and AC population(μmol/L:9.83 ± 2.26 vs 6.35 ± 2.13 vs 5.55 ± 1.75);Plasma Hcy concentration does not correlate with MTRR A66G. Conclusion The gene polymorphism of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G among the Han women in Xiangtan was statistically different from other selected regions of China. Mutation in MTHFR C 677T and A1298C were associated with elevated plasma levels of Hcy.

Objective To investigate the correlation between HLA-DM gene polymorphism and antibody response induced by poliomyelitis vaccine.Methods 355 healthy infants aged 2 to 3 months in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as the study objects,and 10 SNPs of DMA exon 3 and DMB exon 2/3 were genotyped by Sanger sequencing.The correlation between DMA and DMB genes and poliomyelitis vaccine-induced antibody response was analyzed at allele,genotype and haplotype levels.Results In the type Ⅰ antibody response induced by polio vaccine,the frequencies of DMA*01:02,DMB*01:01,DMB*01:01/DMB*01:01 and DMA*01:02-DMB*01:01 were higher in the non-seroconversion group than in the seroconversion group(P<0.05).In the polio type Ⅱ antibody response,the frequencies of DMA*01:02,DMA*01:02/DMA*01:02,DMB*01:01/DMB*01:01 and DMA*01:02-DMB*01:01 were higher in the non-seroconversion group than in the seroconversion group(P<0.05).Conclusion Alleles DMA*01:02 and DMB*01:01 may be associated with type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ antibody responses induced by poliomyelitis vaccine.

Cognitive dysfunction refers to dysfunction of individual perception,memory,understanding,learning,creation and other dysfunctions caused by abnormal brain function and structure.Based on the fact that the spleen can't regulate transportation and transformation,govern blood and send up essential substance,combined with the microbiota-gut-brain axis,this article discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of intestinal flora imbalance affecting cognitive dysfunction in TCM.It was proposed that the spleen in TCM and intestinal flora are connected in physiology and pathology:the spleen regulates spirit and governs cognition,when the spleen fails to function normally that it can't dominate transportation and transformation,govern blood and send up essential substance will cause that the brain spirit can not be nourished;intestinal flora is closely related to the spleen in TCM,and affects brain function through the nervous system,endocrine,immune and metabolic mechanisms.This article can provide explore new ideas for the clinical research and treatment of cognitive dysfunction of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

BACKGROUNDAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has developed dramatically in the last century. Now, ACLR has become a reliable and productive procedure. Patients feel satisfied in >90% cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of allogenetic cortical bone cross-pin (ACBCP) used as a clinical fixation method in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the femoral side based on biomechanical tests in vitro.

METHODSThe specimens were provided by the bone banks of the First Affiliated Hospital of People's Liberation Army of General Hospital from September 2011 to June 2012. Fresh deep frozen human allogenetic cortical bone was machined into cross-pins which is 4.0 mm in diameter and 75.0 mm in length. Biomechanical parameters compared with Rigidfix were collected while cross-pins were tested in double-shear test. The load-to-failure test and cycling test were carried out in a goat model to reconstruct anterior cruciate ligament with Achilles tendon autograft on the femoral side fixed by human 4.0 mm ACBCP and 3.3 mm Rigidfix served as control. Maximum failure load, yield load, and stiffness of fixation in single load-to-failure test were compared between the two groups. Cycle-specific stiffness and displacement at cycles 1, 30, 200, 400, and 1 000 were also compared in between.

RESULTSIn double-shear test both maximum failed load and yield load of 4.0 mm human ACBCP were (1 236.998±201.940) N. Maximum failed load and yield load of Rigidfix were (807.929±110.511) N and (592.483±58.821) N. The differences of maximum failed load and yield load were significant between ACBCP and Rigidfix, P < 0.05. The shear strength of ACBCP and Rigidfix were (49.243±8.039) MPa and (34.637±3.439) MPa, respectively, P < 0.05. In the load-to-failure test ex vivo, yield load and maximum failed load of ACBCP fixation complexity ((867.104±132.856)N, (1 032.243±196.281) N) were higher than those of Rigidfix ((640.935±42.836) N, (800.568±64.890) N, P < 0.05). However, stiffness did not differ significantly between ACBCP group ((247.116±31.897)N/mm) and Rigidfix group ((220.413±51.332) N/mm, P > 0.05). In the cycling test, the cycle-specific stiffness and displacement at cycles 1, 30, 200, 400, and 1 000 did not differ significantly between the ACBCP group and Rigidfix group, P > 0.05.

CONCLUSIONSAllogenetic cortical bone cross-pin possesses satisfactory biomechanical profile which is safe for ACLR and suitable for an aggressive rehabilitation program. Animal and clinical tests should be recommended before clinical use to secure the ACBCP could successfully substituted by host new bone in vivo.

Achilles Tendon ; surgery ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Fixation Devices