OBJECTIVE To explore kinetic features and its underlying mechanism of the positive inotropic effect of liguzinediol(LZDO)in rats. METHODS ①An In vivo study was made to record the effect of LZDO 20 mg · kg-1 injected for 30 consecutive min from the left external jugular vein on pressure-volume relationships. ②Ex vivo study was used to record the antagonistic effect of LZDO on reduced contractility induced by caffeine. Caffeine and LZDO were perfused as follows:normal perfusion solution, caffeine 0.5 mmol · L-1,and then caffeine 0.5 mmol · L-1+LZDO 100 μmol · L-1. ③ Ca2+ transient from cardiomyocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was measured to analyze the effect of LZDO on Ca2 +release blocked by thapsigargin. Thapsigargin and LZDO were perfused as follows:normal perfusion solution,thapsigargin 2 μmol · L-1,and then thapsigargin 2 μmol · L-1+LZDO 100 μmol · L-1.④The SR vesicles were prepared and the effect of LZDO(1,10 and 100μmol·L-1)on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase(SERCA2a)activity was determined according to the ultramicro-Ca2+-ATP enzyme kit. RESULTS ① LZDO 20 mg · kg- 1 significantly reduced the end-systolic volume (Ves) and enhanced the end-systolic pressure (Pes),stroke volume (SV),ejection fraction (EF),cardiac output(CO),peak rate of rise of left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmax)and stroke work(SW)(P<0.05). However,LZDO 20 mg · kg-1 did not significantly change the heart rate(HR )or the end-diastolic volume (Ved). ② Caffeine 0.5 mmol · L- 1 significantly enhanced HR,left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP ),and+dp∶dtmax at 5 min after caffeine and decreased at 30 min. However,LZDO 100μmol·L-1 restored the reduced HR,LVDP,and+dp/dtmax induced by caffeine at 30 min(P<0.05).③Thapsigargin 2μmol·L-1 significantly reduced the SR Ca2+transient from perfusion solution group(100±5)%to(51± 5)%(P<0.05) and LZDO 100 μmol · L-1 failed to restore the decreased Ca2+ transient〔(49 ± 4)%〕. Normalized Ca2+transients were reduced by thapsigargin 2μmol·L-1 and thapsigargin 2μmol·L-1+LZDO 100 μmol · L-1. ④ LZDO(10 and 100 μmol · L-1)significantly increased the activities of SERCA2a in perfusion solution group 0.98±0.10 to 1.17±0.20 and (1.43±0.09)μmol Pi·g-1·h-1,respectively(P<0.05). CONCLUSION LZDO can enhance SR Ca2+ gradient by activating the SERCA2a and might be developed to serve as a potential positive inotropic agent in clinical settings.

Objective To compare the influences of different dilution titers on the ANA detection by the indirect immunofluores‐cence assay(IIF) in children for investigating the necessity of reducing serum initial dilution titer .Methods Serum ANA was detec‐ted by using the indirect immunofluorescence assay at a serial of dilution titer in 110 healthy controls and the results were compared with the results of specific ANAs by the linear immunoassay (LIA);meanwhile the ANA‐LIA results in clinical children patients with ANA‐IIF negative were also analyzed .Results With the dilution titers gradual decrease from 1∶80 ,1∶40 and 1∶20 in the samples of the health group ,the positive detection rates of ANA‐IIF were risen ,which were 7 .3% ,9 .1% and 10 .9% respectively , but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0 .05) ,the weak‐positive rates were 7 .3% ,15 .5% and 31 .8% respective‐ly ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .01) .Among 110 healthy children under going the physical examination ,the specific ANA was detected out in 8 samples ,the positive rate was 7 .3% .Among 8 positive cases at the dilution titer of 1∶80 by the IIF method ,specific ANA was in 2 cases;in 4 added cases of fluorescence ANA positive samples at the dilution titers of 1∶40 and 1∶20 ,specific ANA was in 1 case .If with any positive of ANA‐IIF(1∶80) or ANA‐LIA as the ANA positive ,the ANA positive rate was risen from 7 .3% to 12 .7% .In the clinical samples among 29 cases of ANA‐IIF(1∶80) negative autoimmune liver disease related autoantibody detection ,the specific ANA‐LIA positive was detected in 5 cases (17 .2% ) .Conclusion Reducing the initial ti‐ter of children serum is unable to obviously increase the ANA‐IIF positive detection rate ,on the contrary increases the non‐specific weak positive .Therefore ,clinical laboratory does not change the dilution titer of children routine ANA sample .The detection by combining with the specific ANA‐LIA spectrum is conducive to find ANA .

Objective To investigate the risk factors and countermeasure of residual stones after single‐channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy for higher stone‐free rate and better operation result .Methods All patients who underwent single‐channel percu‐taneous nephrolithotomy in our hospital from June 2011 to December 2013 were retrospected and the cause of residual stones were analyzed .Results There were 42 patients who had residual stones after operation among total 262 patients undergone single‐chan‐nel PCNL .21 patients had residual stones because the stones they burdened were too complex .7 patients were concerned with com‐plications such as intraoperative hemorrhage .The stone fragments scattered into the calices in 7 patients with overlarge stone during fragmentation .The other causes concerned with stone residue included anatomic structural abnormalities of the kidneys(3 patients) , operation itself inherent limitations(3 patients) ,insufficient practice and experience in operation(1 patients) .Conclusion The main causes concerned with residual stones of single‐channel PCNL are complexity of urinary calculi ,bleeding ,scattering of stone frag‐ments and anatomic structural abnormalities of the kidney .

Objective To explore the infection rate of hepadnaviruses and non-hepatotropic virus in infants with biliary atresia(BA)and their relationship between the onset and development of BA.Methods The data and pathogen test records from 184 BA infants who were hospitalized at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 1,2010 to December 31,2014 were reviewed,and the infection rates caused by 3 hepadnaviruses including hepatitis A virus(HAV),hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis E virus(HEV)as well as 5 non-hepatotropic viruses including cytomegalovirus(CMV),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),herpes simplex virus(HSV),enterovirus(EV),Coxsackie-virus were analyzed.The outpatients or inpatients without BA and immunodeficiency were selected as controls.Results In BA patients,the infection rates of CMV were highest(40.21％,39/97 cases)caused by 3 hepadnaviruses(HAV,HBV,HEV)and 5 non-hepatotropic viruses(CMV,EBV,HSV,EV,Cox),while the infection rates of HAV,HEV,HBV,EBV,HSV,EV or Coxsackievirus were all low,and mixed virus infection was found in 9 patients.The positive rate of CMV IgM in BA group[34.94％(29/83 cases)] was significantly higher than that in the control group[15.69％(8/51 cases)],and the difference was statistically significant(x2=5.86,P<0.05);and the positive rate of CMV DNA in BA group[28.57％(20/70 cases)] was significantly higher than that in the control group[3.70％(1/27 cases)],and the difference was statistically significant(x2=7.10,P<0.05).In BA infants under 60 days,the detection rate of CMV DNA was 45.45％(15/33 cases),which was higher than that in the ones over 60 days[25.48％(5/37 cases)],and the difference was statistically significant(x2=8.72,P<0.01);while the positive rate of CMV IgM had no significant difference among≤60 d group,60-90 d group and ≥90 d group[47.22％(17/36 cases),20.00％(6/30 cases),35.29％(6/17 cases)](x2=5.62,P>0.05).No statistical difference in age was found in BA patients on detection between the positive and the negative group,and the consistency of CMV DNA and CMV IgM was not ideal(Kappa value<0.4).Conclusions Infection of CMV is quite common in BA patients,BA infants under 60 days old show higher detection rate of CMV DNA than the older ones,but there is no difference in detection rate of CMV IgM among different ages,CMV is not supported as a secondary infection and may play a role in the occurrence and development of BA.

Objective: To observe the anti- arrhythmic effects of Lvfukang Capsules on the experimental arrhythmic models induced by aconitine in rats, and provid accordance for clinical medication. Methods: 50 rats were divided into model control group, positive control group, high, middle and low dosage groups of Lvfukang Capsules, respectively. All the dosage groups were treated with successive medication 3 days, arrhythmic models induced by aconitine for 30minutes after the last dosage. To observe and record the time of ventricular premature beat (VP) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Results: All the dosage groups of Lvfukang Capsules significantly delayed the time of ventricular premature beat (VP) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) of arrhythmic models of rats (P

Background It is thought in recently that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment method for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), but the dosage of verteporfin and its long-term efficacy and complications is rarely elucidated ever before.Objective This study was to observe the long-term efficacy and safety of 60％ dose verteporfin PDT for chronic CSC.Methods This is a retrospective study and a self-controlled design was used.The clinical data of 25 eyes of 21 chronic CSC patients who received 60％-dose verteporfin PDT in Henan Eye Institute from January 2009 to May 2010 were reviewed, with the male 18 (85.71％) and female 3 (14.29％) as well as monocular CSC 17 patients and binocular CSC 4 patients.The average ages of the patients were (43±5) years.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) , indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography(OCT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were examined in all the patients before and after treatment.PDT with the 60％-dose verteporfin (3.6 mg/m2) was carried out on the CSC eyes.The treated eyes were examined 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after PDT.The BCVA,subfoveal choroid thickness,FFA and ICGA findings before and after PDT were compared.The following-up duration was 5 years or more.Results The BCVA before and 3 months after PDT were 0.5 ±0.1 and 0.9±0.2, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between them (t =19.17,P =0.00).The subfoveal choroidal thickness value 3 months after PDT was (326.56±39.47) μm,which was significantly reduced in comparison with (486.24 ±47.53) μm before PDT (t =25.17, P =0.00).FFA and ICGA showed that the leakage of fluorescein (hyperfluorescence) was disappeared in all the treated eyes.No systemic or local adverse effects and recurrence were observed during the follow-up period.Conclusions On the basis of the results of this study and available information,60％-dose verteporfin PDT seems to have a better long-term efficacy and safety than full-dose verteporfin in treating chronic CSC.

OBJECTIVE To explore potential proarrhythmic effect and underlying mechanism of azithromycin (AZM) and Shengmai injection (SM) used clinically.METHODS ① In vivo guinea pig ECG recordings were made to analyze effects of jugular intravenous(iv) injection of AZM [38.2 mg· kg-1,one time (clinically relevant dose,CRD)],or SM (4.6 mL· kg-1,one time CRD) or their combination.②In vitro ECG recordings were made to analyze effects of AZM,SM or AZM + SM on ECG in isolated hearts of guinea pigs.AZM [one,five and ten times (clinically relevant concentrations,CRC)] was perfused in this order:41.5 →207.5 → 415 mg· L-1 and SM (one,five and ten times CRC) in this order:5 →25 →50 mL· L-1.Also,AZM (41.5 mg· L-1,one time CRC) +SM (5 mL· L-1,one time CRC) was perfused to isolated hearts of guinea pigs.③ Enzymatically isolated cardiomyocytes from guinea pig left ventricles were perfused in this order:AZM 41.5 mg· L-1 →AZM 41.5 mg· L-1+SM 5 mL· L-1 for action potential,L-type Ca2+ and Na+ current recordings,respectively.RESULTS ① Neither AZM 38.2 mg· kg-1,nor SM 4.6 mL· kg-1 significantly changed the in vivo ECG.However,AZM 38.2 mg· kg-1 +SM 4.6 mL · kg-1 significantly reduced heart rate (P＜0.05) and prolonged the P-R (P＜0.05) and QRS (P＜0.05) intervals.②AZM 41.5,207.5 and 415 mg· L-1 reduced heart rate (P＜0.05) and prolonged the P-R (P＜0.05) and QRS (P＜0.05) intervals in a concentration-dependent manner.AZM 415 mg·L-1 also prolonged QTc (P＜0.05) interval.SM 5,25 and 50 mL· L-1 reduced heart rate (P＜0.05) and prolonged the P-R interval (P＜0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner.SM had no effect on QRS or QTc intervals.Washout partially recovered the above changes.Moreover,AZM 41.5 mg· L-1 + SM 5 mg·L-1 significantly reduced heart rate (P＜0.05) and prolonged the P-R (P＜0.05) and QRS intervals.③ AZM 41.5 mg·L-1 did not significantly change the action potential amplitude (APA),action potential durations at 50％ (APD50) and 90％ (APD90) repolarization levels,or L-type Ca2+ and Na+ currents.However,AZM+SM 5 mg· L-1 significantly reduced APA (P＜0.05),shortened APD50 (P＜0.05) and APD90 (P＜0.05) and inhibited the L-type Ca2+ (P＜0.05) and Na+ (P＜0.05) currents.CONCLUSION AZM and SM has potential prorrhythmic risks.The combined use might cause higher risk of arrhythmia.The underlying mechanism for proarrhythmia is mediated by inhibition of the L-type Ca2+ and Na+ currents.

Background:Acute-on-chronic liver failure( ACLF)is a commonly seen liver failure in China,and lacking an animal model that can effectively simulate the dynamic change of immune status of ACLF. Aims:To establish an animal model that can simulate dynamic change of immune status of ACLF by repeated administration of concanavalin A(ConA). Methods:Mice were randomly divided into normal control group and ConA repeated administration group. Mice in ConA repeated administration group were injected with ConA 15 mg/ kg through retrobulbar angular vein every 48 hours for 5 times,and mice in control group were injected with same volume of 0. 9% NaCl solution. Serum levels of IL-6,IL-10,IL- 12,TNF-α,IFN-γ,MCP-1 in peripheral blood were assessed by CBA assay,and the ratio of IL-10/ TNF-α was calculated. The expression of HLA-DR,number and proportion of CD4+ T cells and the expression of PD-1 of monocytes in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Results:Peripheral blood cytokines changed from predominated proinflammatory cytokines into predominated anti-inflammatory cytokines with the increasing in time of administration in ConA repeated administration group. Compared with control group,HLA-DR expression of monocytes in peripheral blood was significantly decreased(P <0. 05),number and proportion of CD4+ T cells were significantly decreased(P <0. 05), and PD-1 expression was significantly increased( P < 0. 05)in ConA repeated administration group. Conclusions:An animal model of ACLF immune status from systemic inflammatory response syndrome( SIRS) to compensatory antiinflammatory response syndrome(CARS)induced by repeated ConA stimulation is successfully established.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the degree of liver fibrosis and Aspartate aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index ( APRI ) in children with biliary atresia ( BA ) , and evaluate the clinical significance of liver fibrosis in biliary atresia.Methods A total of 97 patients with diagnosed BA were recruited between January 2010 and June 2013.AST, PLT and APRI were determined one week before laparotomy.The severity of hepatic tibrosis was.Judged by Metavir system the correlation among AST, PLT, APRI and severity of liver fibrosis were evaluated, and their diagnostic value for degree of liver fibrosis was analyzed by ROC.Results Sera AST levels and PLT counts of BA patients were found to be positively(r=0.367, P<0.01) and negatively(r=-0.403, P<0.01) correlated with Metavir scores of liver fibrosis, respectively.There existed positive correlation between APRI and the severity of hepatic fibrosis (r=0.541, P<0.01).The area under ROC curve of APRI to diagnose none or mild fibrosis and moderately severe fibrosis was 0.78, with sensitivity of 77.9%and specificity of 62.1%at the optimal cut-off value of 0.75; the area under ROC curve of APRI to diagnose moderately severe fibrosis with liver cirrhosis arrived 0.85, with sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 89.4% at the optimal cut-off value of 1.77.The accuracy of none or mild fibrosis, moderate fibrosis and cirrhosis diagnosed by APRI were 73.2%, 64.9%, 87.6%, respectively.Conclusion APRI can be used as a non-invasive parameter to assess the severity of hepatic fibrosis with BA.

Objective Newborn bilirubin encephalopathy seriously threatens the life and health of newborns, Both the mortality and morbidity are high.Cerebrospinal fluid bilirubin concentration can better reflect the blood-brain barrier function and brain bilirubin levels, which can help the diagnosis of bilirubin encephalopathy.Methods In order to meet the clinical needs, we confirmed the detection performance of the existing serum bilirubin detection system for cerebrospinal fluid bilirubin, including precision, accuracy and analysis of measurement range.Results The results showed that the detection system was linear at 1.0-25.1μmol/L, and the daytime CVat normal and pathological values was less than the precision requirement (6％) .The bias of each sample and the average bias are less than the allowable bias (5％) , the total error is less than the total allowable error (15％) .Conclusion Therefore, the performance of the detection system meet the industry standards, can be used for neonatal cerebrospinal fluid bilirubin detection.