Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive malignant lymphoma. As most chemotherapy drugs have difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier, PCNSL shows a difficulty in clinical treatment, a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. Early identification of relapsed patients and prompt initiation of salvage therapy play a critical role in the improvement of patients' prognosis. Brain biopsy is the gold standard to identify recurrence, while the risk of operation failure and complications is still high. Non-invasive imaging techniques are beneficial for early identification of recurrence in PCNSL and can provide an important basis for guiding relapsed patients to adjust treatment plans in time. However, there is no unified evaluation standard for imaging methods of monitoring the relapsed lesions of PCNSL. With the further research of the pathophysiological mechanism of PCNSL, biomarker detection has become a new method to identify recurrence and more clinical evidence is still needed in the future.

Objective:To document any effect of combining kinesiotaping (KT) with Monitored Rehab Systems biofeedback training (MRS training) on the recovery of knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).Methods:Twenty-two patients after ACLR were randomly divided into an MRS group and a combined group, each of 11. In addition to conventional rehabilitation training, the MRS group had placebo taping in place during their MRS training, while the combined group had KT applied. Each training session lasted 45 minutes, with three sessions per week. Before the experiment and after 8 weeks of treatment, the affected foot support phase, impulse of each area of the affected foot′s sole, and lower limb reaction time were measured.Results:Significant improvement in the affected foot′s support phase and lower limb reaction time was documented in both groups, as well as in the average impulse percentage of the affected foot′s plantar forefoot area (F area), mid-foot area (MF area), and heel area (H area). All were significantly better in the combined group than in the MRS group, on average.Conclusion:Supplementing MRS biofeedback training with kinesiotaping can more effectively improve the knee joint functioning and postural control of patients after ACLR surgery. The combination is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To explore the high-risk factors for parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis（PNAC）in extremely/ultra-low birth weight infants，and establish a risk Alignment Diagram prediction model.Methods:We retrospectivly analyzed the clinical data of hospitalized extremely/ultra-low birth weight infants admitted to Neonatology Department at Quanzhou Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020，using multivariate Logistic regression analysis to screen for independent risk factors for the occurrence of PNAC.An Alignment Diagram model prediction model for PNAC was constructed by using R software，and the performance of the model was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curves.Results:A total of 203 extremely/ultra-low birth weight infants were included，with a median gestational age of 29.14（28.00，30.86）weeks and a median birth weight of 1　170（1　000,1　300）g.Among them，26（12.81%）cases developed PNAC.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of parenteral nutrition（ OR=1.015 ，95% CI 1.003-1.034），the cumulative amount of glucose（ OR=1.014 ，95% CI 1.001-1.028），small for gestational age（ OR=3.455 ，95% CI 1.127-10.589），and neonatal sepsis（ OR=3.142 ，95% CI 1.039-9.503）were independent risk factors for PNAC（ P＜0.05）；The four independent risk factors mentioned above were introduced into R software to construct an Alignment Diagram model，the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.835（95% CI 0.842-0.731），and the results of the Hosmer Limeshow goodness of fit test show that：χ 2=5.34，degree of freedom=8， P=0.72.A calibration curve indicated good consistency between the predicted probability of the model and the actual occurrence rate，with good accuracy. Conclusion:The Alignment Diagram model constructed based on four independent risk factors of the duration of parenteral nutrition，glucose accumulation，small for gestational age infants，and neonatal sepsis exhibits high predictive ability，and is expected to provide an intuitive and convenient visualization tool for preventing or reducing the occurrence of PNAC in extremely/ultra-low birth weight infants

Objective:To explore the current situation and related factors of negative emotions in mothers of infants aged 0-3 years.Methods:Totally 1 183 mothers of 0-3-year-old infants in 3 communities of a districts and counties were selected.They were investigated with the self-designed demographic information questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale(DASS-21).Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the re-lated factors of mothers'negative emotions.Results:The detection rates of mild and above depression,anxiety and stress were 34.74％,46.07％and 18.10％respectively.The multiple linear regression analysis showed that moth-ers with fewer children,higher social prestige/stable occupation,and higher education were more depressed(β=-0.10,0.15,0.16).Mothers with higher social prestige/stable occupation and higher education were more anxious(β=0.14,0.17).Mothers who lived in areas with higher levels of economic and social development,or with higher social prestige/stable occupations and with higher education were more stressed(β=0.10,0.14,0.15).Conclu-sion:The mothers of 0-3-year-old infants have high detection rate of mild negative emotions.The residence,occu-pation,education level and the number of children are related to the negative emotions of mothers.

Objective To understand the current status of research on lung cancer immunotherapy to provide a reference for further investigation and future topic selection in this field. Methods CiteSpace visualization analysis software was used to analyze 400 Chinese studies in CNKI and 5 001 English studies in the Web of Science database from 2005 to 2021, with "lung cancer" and "immunotherapy" as keywords. Keyword co-occurrence analysis was performed on 17 English studies of "Lung Cancer" "Immunotherapy" and "Single cell sequencing" in the Web of Science database. Results "Non-small cell lung cancer" "immunosuppressants" "PD-L1" "dendritic cells" and "cytokine-induced killer cells" are current research hotspots in lung cancer immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibody drugs including nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab are hotspot drugs. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as well as PD-L1 expression have become the focus of continuous research. The majority of studies on lung cancer immunotherapy are conducted in the United States, followed by China. Conclusion Lung cancer immunotherapy has gradually become a research hot spot in China. In the future, in-depth research is needed to provide cutting-edge directions for lung cancer immunotherapy.

Due to the virtues of no stutter peaks, low rates of mutation, and short amplicon sizes, insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism is an indispensable tool for analyzing degraded DNA samples from crime scenes for human identifications (Wang et al., 2021). Herein, a self-developed panel of 43 InDel loci constructed previously by our group was utilized to evaluate the genetic diversities and explore the genetic background of the Han Chinese from Beijing (HCB) including 301 random healthy individuals. The lengths of amplicons at 43 InDel loci in this panel ranged from 87 to 199 bp, which indicated that the panel could be used as an effective tool to utilize highly degraded DNA samples for human identity testing. The loci in this panel were validated and performed well for forensic degraded DNA samples (Jin et al., 2021). The combined discrimination power (PD) and combined probability of exclusion (PE) values in this panel indicated that the 43 InDel loci could be used as the candidate markers in personal identification and parentage testing of HCB. In addition, population genetic relationships between the HCB and 26 reference populations from five continents based on 19 overlapped InDel loci were displayed by constructing a phylogenetic tree, principal component analysis (PCA), and population genetic structure analysis. The results illustrated that the HCB had closer genetic relationships with the Han populations from Chinese different regions.
Beijing ; China ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation ; Phylogeny

Objective:To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacteria isolated from blood culture in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2018 to December 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted with agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 14 778 bacterial strains were collected from 50 hospitals, of which 4 117 (27.9%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 10 661(72.1%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.7%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (8.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.7%), Enterococcus faecium (3.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(3.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.9%), Streptococci(2.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (2.3%). The the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were 27.4% (394/1 438) and 70.4% (905/1 285), respectively. No glycopeptide-resistant Staphylococcus was detected. More than 95% of S. aureus were sensitive to amikacin, rifampicin and SMZco. The resistance rate of E. faecium to vancomycin was 0.4% (2/504), and no vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis was detected. The ESBLs-producing rates in no carbapenem-resistance E. coli, carbapenem sensitive K. pneumoniae and Proteus were 50.4% (2 731/5 415), 24.6% (493/2001) and 35.2% (31/88), respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 1.5% (85/5 500), 20.6% (518/2 519), respectively. 8.3% (27/325) of carbapenem-resistance K. pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. The resistance rates of A. baumannii to polymyxin and tigecycline were 2.8% (14/501) and 3.4% (17/501) respectively, and that of P. aeruginosa to carbapenem were 18.9% (103/546). Conclusions:The surveillance results from 2018 to 2019 showed that the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while E. coli was the most common pathogen, and ESBLs-producing strains were in majority; the MRSA incidence is getting lower in China; carbapenem-resistant E. coli keeps at a low level, while carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is on the rise obviously.

Objective:To explore the effects of father-feeding attitudes on feeding status in preterm infants at discharge, and the role of father support breastfeeding self-efficacy, in order to provide a certain reference and basis for the intervention to improve the breastfeeding rate of premature infants.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 402 premature infants' fathers were selected from 3 ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals from Zhejiang Province by convenience sampling method from July to November 2020. The basic data questionnaire, Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale and Father Support Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form were used in the investigation. A total of 402 questionnaires were distributed, and 376 valid questionnaires were recovered. The recovery rate of effective questionnaires was 93.5%.Results:The score of father-feeding attitude of the 376 premature infants' fathers was (49.80±9.26) , and the score of support breastfeeding self-efficacy was (43.23±8.52) . Father's self-efficacy of breastfeeding support played a mediating role between feeding attitude and feeding status of premature infants at discharge, and the mediating effect accounted for 33.3% of the total effect.Conclusions:The father's feeding attitude can affect the feeding status of premature infants at discharge by influencing their self-efficacy of supporting breastfeeding. Medical staff should help premature fathers pay attention to breastfeeding, adopt practical and diverse health education methods to help premature fathers gradually master specific support behaviors and enhance their self-efficacy in supporting breastfeeding, and ultimately improve the rate of breastfeeding in premature infants.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of HMGB1 gene on the growth of human epithelial ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice, and to lay a foundation for finding new targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods: Human epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in logarithmic growth phase were selected to establish a human epithelial ovarian cancer xenograft model in nude mice. Nude mice with successful model establishment were randomly divided into control group and HMGB1-siRNA group. On the 7th, 9th, 11th, 14th, and 16th days after cell inoculation, the same amount of saline and HMGB1-siRNA were respectively injected into two groups of mice under the armpit.After 3 weeks, the nude mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the tumor tissues were separated, and the volume of the tumor was measured. The apoptosis of transplanted tumor cells was detected by Tunnel staining. The expressions of HMGB1, STAT3 and p-STAT3 were detected by Western blotting. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factorA(VEGF-A) and microvascularization were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the control group, the growth of tumor volume slowed down in HMGB1 siRNA group, and on the 21st day, the tumor volume of HMGB1-siRNA group was significantly smaller than that of the control group (P<0.05). HMGB1-siRNA successfully knocked down the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in transplanted tumor tissue. The apoptosis rate of tissue cells in HMGB1-siRNA group was significantly increased ([34±8]% vs [6±2]%, P=0.04), and the expressions of HMGB1 and p-STAT3 were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF-Aand the number of microvessels were significantly lower than those of the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Knockdown of HMGB1 gene reduces the expression of VEGF-A and microvessel formation possibly by inhibiting the HMGB1/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the apoptosis of tumor tissues and slowing the growth of xenografts.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacteria isolated from blood culture in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2016 to December 2017. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019. WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 8 154 bacterial strains were collected from 33 hospitals, of which 2 325 (28.5%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 5 829 (71.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (34.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.3%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (7.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.9%), Enterococcus faecium (3.8%), Streptococci (2.9%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.7%) and Enterococcus faecalis (2.5%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for 34.2%(315/922) and 77.7%(470/605), respectively. No vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus was detected. The resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin was 0.6%(2/312), and no vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was detected. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus were 55.7%(1 576/2 831), 29.9%(386/1 289) and 38.5%(15/39), respectively. The incidences of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae were 1.2%(33/2 831), 17.5%(226/1 289), respectively. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to polymyxin and tigecycline were 14.8%(55/372) and 5.9%(22/372) respectively, and those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to polymyxin and carbapenem were 1.3%(4/315) and 18.7%(59/315), respectively. Conclusion:The surveillance results from 2016 to 2017 showed that the main pathogens of blood stream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen; the MRSA incidence was lower than other surveillance data in the same period in China; carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was at a low level during this surveillance, while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is on the rise.