To explore the evaluation method of evidence body for acupuncture and moxibustion clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), and to provide methodological support for the development of acupuncture and moxibustion CPGs and to promote the establishment and application of acupuncture and moxibustion standard. Based on the academic characteristics of TCM acupuncture, the stratified evidence evaluation method was proposed. Firstly, evidences were collected from the ancient literature, modern literature and clinical experience, and were scientifically distinguished and evaluated. Secondly, all the evidences were integrated as body of evidence by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Lastly, based on the general index (GI), the clinical recommendations for acupuncture were proposed. Based on the stratified evidence evaluation method, acupuncture and moxibustion CPGs were developed in a more scientific and objectiveway with the comprehensive and sufficient evidences.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Moxibustion

The neuropeptide Y receptors system is a receptor-ligand system composed of neuropeptide Y and its receptors, which is represented by two subtypes, including Y1 receptor (Y1R) and Y2 receptor (Y2R). The system is widely involved in pain modulation in mammals. These receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, participating in neuronal membrane signaling. Neuropeptide Y receptors distribute in the pain-related regions of the central nervous system, play a variety of roles in maintains neuronal activity of pain transmission, relate to the specificity of distribution. At the spinal level, Y1R plays an analgesic role, whereas Y2R is usually related to pain-promoting. The system can also take part in cerebral pain modulation at different nuclei.

Objective To analyze the physiologically active substances, named amino acid neurotransmitters, ATP and Ca2+ in rat spinal synaptosomes. Methods The spinal synaptosome was extracted by discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation from a female Sprague-Dawley rat. The amino acid neurotransmitters were determined with high performance liquid chromatography, ATP content, Na+-K+-ATPase activity, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity and total ATPase activity with ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and Ca2+ concentration with fluorescence spectrophotometer. Results The amino acid neurotransmitters contained mainly aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid and r-aminobutyric acid. The concentration of ATP was about 414.7461 μmol/mg, total ATPase activity > Na+-K+-ATPase activity > Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPasese activity. The concentration of Ca2+ could be calculated from absorbancy directly. Conclusion The rat spinal synaptosome contains a variety of physiologically active substances, which can be accurately analyzed to explore their activities.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.